From June 2017 to September 2017, gross job losses in Indiana totaled 144,972, while gross job gains numbered 143,839, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 1,133. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 5,297. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job losses are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job gains are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job losses and the number of gross job gains is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.).

Gross job losses represented 5.5 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2017; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.1 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) Since the series inception in 1992, the rate of gross job losses in Indiana has been below the U.S. rate each quarter, with three exceptions. Gross job gains accounted for 5.5 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2017, lower than the national rate of 6.0 percent. Since the series began, Indiana’s rate of gross job gains has been below the national rate, with only one exception.

During the third quarter of 2017, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in six industry sectors in Indiana. For example, within retail trade, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 1,507. While almost 20,000 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments in the industry, more than 21,300 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the 3-months ended in September 2017. In leisure and hospitality, more than 25,000 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments and more than 26,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments. In each of the remaining sectors with net employment losses, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 800. (See table 1.)

In contrast, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in five industry sectors. Within education and health services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 2,240. In each of the four remaining sectors with net employment gains, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by less than 700.

Indiana was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in all five states in the division in the third quarter of 2017. (See table A.) All five states had rates of gross job losses that were lower than the 6.1-percent national rate. The five states also had rates of gross job gains that were below the 6.0-percent national rate.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, September 2017, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,256,000	6.0	7,396,000	6.1	-140,000	-0.1
East North Central (1)	989,798	—	1,078,677	—	-88,879	—
Illinois	287,491	5.6	309,665	6.0	-22,174	-0.4
Indiana	143,839	5.5	144,972	5.5	-1,133	0.0
Michigan	196,743	5.3	221,387	6.0	-24,644	-0.7
Ohio	239,333	5.1	262,346	5.6	-23,013	-0.5
Wisconsin	122,392	5.0	140,307	5.7	-17,915	-0.7
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2017 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 25, 2018.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the second time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Indiana, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept 2017	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept 2017
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	149,878	142,574	149,579	148,779	143,839	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.5
At expanding establishments	127,031	123,879	126,974	125,312	122,174	4.9	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.7
At opening establishments	22,847	18,695	22,605	23,467	21,665	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.8
Gross job losses	133,516	137,206	131,859	143,482	144,972	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.5
At contracting establishments	115,129	115,588	112,108	122,525	121,989	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.7	4.6
At closing establishments	18,387	21,618	19,751	20,957	22,983	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
Net employment change (2)	16,362	5,368	17,720	5,297	-1,133	0.7	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.0
Construction
Gross job gains	14,545	13,655	16,455	13,603	13,336	11.0	10.3	12.0	9.8	9.7
At expanding establishments	12,560	11,576	14,417	11,690	11,285	9.5	8.7	10.5	8.4	8.2
At opening establishments	1,985	2,079	2,038	1,913	2,051	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5
Gross job losses	11,856	13,389	12,143	14,148	12,680	9.0	10.0	8.9	10.2	9.1
At contracting establishments	10,113	11,529	10,490	12,084	10,828	7.7	8.6	7.7	8.7	7.8
At closing establishments	1,743	1,860	1,653	2,064	1,852	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.3
Net employment change (2)	2,689	266	4,312	-545	656	2.0	0.3	3.1	-0.4	0.6
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	14,379	17,754	14,912	17,991	15,001	2.7	3.3	2.8	3.4	2.8
At expanding establishments	13,139	17,000	14,368	15,827	13,867	2.5	3.2	2.7	3.0	2.6
At opening establishments	1,240	754	544	2,164	1,134	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2
Gross job losses	15,454	12,092	12,008	13,539	14,785	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.8
At contracting establishments	14,278	10,970	11,112	12,057	13,770	2.7	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.6
At closing establishments	1,176	1,122	896	1,482	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Net employment change (2)	-1,075	5,662	2,904	4,452	216	-0.2	1.0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	5,155	5,249	6,029	5,838	5,504	4.3	4.5	5.1	4.9	4.6
At expanding establishments	4,161	4,322	5,106	4,698	4,613	3.5	3.7	4.3	3.9	3.9
At opening establishments	994	927	923	1,140	891	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.7
Gross job losses	5,115	5,050	5,125	5,138	5,385	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.5
At contracting establishments	4,177	3,987	3,918	3,861	4,200	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.5
At closing establishments	938	1,063	1,207	1,277	1,185	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	40	199	904	700	119	0.0	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	20,163	16,753	20,846	19,841	19,816	6.0	5.0	6.3	5.9	5.9
At expanding establishments	17,819	15,295	18,234	17,691	17,821	5.3	4.6	5.5	5.3	5.3
At opening establishments	2,344	1,458	2,612	2,150	1,995	0.7	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.6
Gross job losses	18,273	18,668	17,614	21,631	21,323	5.5	5.6	5.3	6.4	6.4
At contracting establishments	16,313	16,799	15,962	18,808	17,302	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.6	5.2
At closing establishments	1,960	1,869	1,652	2,823	4,021	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	1,890	-1,915	3,232	-1,790	-1,507	0.5	-0.6	1.0	-0.5	-0.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	6,907	7,887	5,722	5,382	5,624	5.7	6.4	4.7	4.4	4.6
At expanding establishments	6,234	7,266	5,147	4,681	4,906	5.1	5.9	4.2	3.8	4.0
At opening establishments	673	621	575	701	718	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
Gross job losses	5,698	6,194	6,863	6,027	5,704	4.7	5.1	5.6	4.9	4.7
At contracting establishments	4,963	5,015	6,261	5,072	4,969	4.1	4.1	5.1	4.1	4.1
At closing establishments	735	1,179	602	955	735	0.6	1.0	0.5	0.8	0.6
Net employment change (2)	1,209	1,693	-1,141	-645	-80	1.0	1.3	-0.9	-0.5	-0.1
Information
Gross job gains	1,374	1,382	1,521	1,055	1,037	4.2	4.3	4.7	3.3	3.4
At expanding establishments	1,112	1,154	1,134	842	738	3.4	3.6	3.5	2.6	2.4
At opening establishments	262	228	387	213	299	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.7	1.0
Gross job losses	1,595	1,527	1,572	1,952	1,740	4.8	4.7	4.8	6.1	5.6
At contracting establishments	1,287	1,281	1,346	1,671	1,600	3.9	3.9	4.1	5.2	5.1
At closing establishments	308	246	226	281	140	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.5
Net employment change (2)	-221	-145	-51	-897	-703	-0.6	-0.4	-0.1	-2.8	-2.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	6,531	5,920	5,871	6,207	6,782	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.7	5.1
At expanding establishments	5,133	4,769	4,801	4,968	5,287	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.8	4.0
At opening establishments	1,398	1,151	1,070	1,239	1,495	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.1
Gross job losses	5,405	5,792	6,136	6,003	6,235	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.8
At contracting establishments	4,301	4,301	4,873	4,829	4,975	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.7	3.8
At closing establishments	1,104	1,491	1,263	1,174	1,260	0.8	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0
Net employment change (2)	1,126	128	-265	204	547	0.9	0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	27,083	26,523	24,226	27,055	25,153	8.2	7.8	7.2	8.0	7.5
At expanding establishments	22,859	22,727	19,898	21,846	20,851	6.9	6.7	5.9	6.5	6.2
At opening establishments	4,224	3,796	4,328	5,209	4,302	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.3
Gross job losses	23,246	24,286	26,435	24,588	25,332	6.9	7.2	7.8	7.3	7.5
At contracting establishments	19,467	19,776	21,624	20,845	20,925	5.8	5.9	6.4	6.2	6.2
At closing establishments	3,779	4,510	4,811	3,743	4,407	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.3
Net employment change (2)	3,837	2,237	-2,209	2,467	-179	1.3	0.6	-0.6	0.7	0.0
Education and health services
Gross job gains	18,742	16,174	19,683	19,157	18,430	4.2	3.6	4.3	4.2	4.0
At expanding establishments	16,512	14,220	15,472	16,493	16,439	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.6
At opening establishments	2,230	1,954	4,211	2,664	1,991	0.5	0.4	0.9	0.6	0.4
Gross job losses	14,496	17,533	14,828	15,139	16,190	3.3	3.9	3.3	3.4	3.6
At contracting establishments	12,748	14,507	13,049	13,368	14,091	2.9	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.1
At closing establishments	1,748	3,026	1,779	1,771	2,099	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.5
Net employment change (2)	4,246	-1,359	4,855	4,018	2,240	0.9	-0.3	1.0	0.8	0.4
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	25,861	23,222	25,767	23,837	25,331	8.4	7.5	8.3	7.7	8.2
At expanding establishments	19,891	18,801	21,638	19,290	19,992	6.5	6.1	7.0	6.2	6.5
At opening establishments	5,970	4,421	4,129	4,547	5,339	1.9	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.7
Gross job losses	24,629	24,403	21,028	27,013	26,704	8.0	8.0	6.8	8.7	8.7
At contracting establishments	21,263	20,522	16,780	23,166	22,038	6.9	6.7	5.4	7.5	7.2
At closing establishments	3,366	3,881	4,248	3,847	4,666	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	1,232	-1,181	4,739	-3,176	-1,373	0.4	-0.5	1.5	-1.0	-0.5
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	6,446	5,635	5,767	6,641	5,687	7.6	6.6	6.9	7.8	6.6
At expanding establishments	5,238	4,699	4,709	5,455	4,712	6.2	5.5	5.6	6.4	5.5
At opening establishments	1,208	936	1,058	1,186	975	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.1
Gross job losses	5,609	6,090	5,589	5,962	6,483	6.6	7.2	6.6	7.0	7.7
At contracting establishments	4,522	4,915	4,546	4,767	5,323	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.6	6.3
At closing establishments	1,087	1,175	1,043	1,195	1,160	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.4
Net employment change (2)	837	-455	178	679	-796	1.0	-0.6	0.3	0.8	-1.1
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept. 2017	Sept. 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept. 2017
United States(1)	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.8	6.1
Alabama	6.2	5.8	6.1	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.8	5.2	5.6	5.8
Alaska	9.1	9.8	9.4	11.0	8.5	11.2	10.0	9.8	9.9	10.5
Arizona	7.2	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.6	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.3
Arkansas	6.2	5.9	5.6	5.2	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.0	5.6	5.5
California	6.9	6.9	6.7	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.6	6.4
Colorado	7.1	6.6	6.8	7.1	6.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.4
Connecticut	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.7	5.2	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.7
Delaware	6.3	6.2	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.2	5.9	7.0	6.6
District of Columbia	6.2	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.4	5.8	5.6	4.7	5.6	5.3
Florida	7.4	6.7	6.1	6.6	5.6	5.8	6.1	5.5	6.1	7.5
Georgia	6.7	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.8	6.1	6.2
Hawaii	6.0	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.4	4.8	5.0	4.8	5.4	5.3
Idaho	7.9	7.5	7.9	7.3	6.7	7.3	6.7	6.3	6.6	6.6
Illinois	5.7	6.1	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.5	6.0
Indiana	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.5
Iowa	6.1	5.7	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.7
Kansas	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.5	6.3	5.6	5.7	5.6	6.6	5.7
Kentucky	6.8	6.1	5.7	6.1	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.4	5.9	5.8
Louisiana	6.8	5.9	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.5	6.5	5.9	6.5	6.1
Maine	6.7	7.4	7.2	7.7	6.5	7.4	7.1	6.4	7.7	7.5
Maryland	6.6	6.6	6.1	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.2
Massachusetts	5.7	5.6	5.5	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.6
Michigan	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.0	5.3	6.0
Minnesota	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.5	5.7	4.7	5.3	5.7
Mississippi	6.3	6.3	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.9	6.0	5.9
Missouri	5.7	5.7	5.9	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.6	4.9	5.6	5.9
Montana	7.6	7.8	8.1	7.9	7.2	7.7	7.5	7.1	7.7	8.0
Nebraska	6.4	5.7	5.9	5.6	5.9	5.9	6.2	5.2	6.1	5.9
Nevada	6.8	6.2	6.6	6.3	6.3	5.5	5.6	5.2	6.0	5.8
New Hampshire	6.4	6.3	5.7	6.6	5.6	6.3	5.9	5.6	5.9	6.5
New Jersey	6.3	6.4	5.5	6.7	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.5	6.2
New Mexico	7.0	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.3
New York	6.3	6.1	6.2	6.5	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.7	6.1
North Carolina	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.9	6.0
North Dakota	8.2	6.7	7.6	6.8	6.7	7.1	7.7	6.7	6.9	6.8
Ohio	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.1	5.7	5.4	5.1	5.4	5.6
Oklahoma	6.3	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	6.3	6.5	5.9	6.0
Oregon	6.9	6.6	6.9	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.3	5.7	5.9	6.3
Pennsylvania	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.2
Rhode Island	5.6	5.7	6.3	6.5	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.9	6.3
South Carolina	6.3	6.5	6.0	6.1	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.6	6.0	6.4
South Dakota	6.4	6.0	6.4	6.3	5.7	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.0
Tennessee	5.9	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.1	5.2
Texas	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.7
Utah	7.4	6.8	7.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.3
Vermont	7.2	7.0	6.6	7.9	6.7	7.4	7.0	6.8	6.8	7.8
Virginia	6.2	6.2	6.0	6.2	5.8	6.1	5.9	5.6	5.9	6.2
Washington	6.7	7.1	6.8	7.1	6.3	6.6	6.7	5.6	6.1	6.3
West Virginia	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.4	6.9	6.4	6.2	6.4	6.5	6.5
Wisconsin	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.6	5.0	5.6	5.3	4.8	5.5	5.7
Wyoming	8.5	8.8	8.8	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.7	8.1	9.0	7.9
Puerto Rico	5.8	5.8	5.1	5.2	4.1	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.2	6.2
Virgin Islands	6.2	6.0	5.3	6.2	4.2	6.8	6.0	5.5	4.7	8.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.