From June 2017 to September 2017, gross job losses in Ohio totaled 262,346, while gross job gains numbered 239,333, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer, noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 23,013. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 17,679. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Ohio’s rate of gross job lossesas a percent of private sector employment was 5.6 percent, lower than the national rate of 6.1 percent in the third quarter of 2017. The state’s rate of gross job losses has been below the U.S. rate in all but two quarters since the series began in September 1992. Gross job gains represented 5.1 percent of private sector employment in Ohio while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.0 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in the state has been below the U.S. rate in all but one quarter since the series began.

During the third quarter of 2017, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 7 of the 11 industry sectors in Ohio. For example, within professional and business services, closing and contracting establishments lost more than 46,500 jobs while opening and expanding establishments gained nearly 39,400 jobs. The resulting net loss of 7,168 jobs was the largest of any Ohio sector in the third quarter of 2017. In construction, approximately 23,500 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments, and almost 18,000 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments, resulting in a net employment loss of 5,564, the second largest among the state’s sectors. Ohio’s manufacturing sector lost more than 22,200 jobs at closing and contracting establishments and gained more than 18,000 jobs at opening and expanding establishments, for a net loss of 4,183 jobs. (See table 1.)

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by less than 1,000 in four industry sectors: education and health services; financial activities; transportation and warehousing; and information.

Ohio was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. Gross job losses exceeded gross gains in all five states in the division in the third quarter of 2017. (See table A.) All five states had rates of gross job losses that were lower than the 6.1-percent national rate. The five states also had rates of gross job gains that were lower than the 6.0-percent national rate.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, September 2017, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,256,000	6.0	7,396,000	6.1	-140,000	-0.1
East North Central (1)	989,798	—	1,078,677	—	-88,879	—
Illinois	287,491	5.6	309,665	6.0	-22,174	-0.4
Indiana	143,839	5.5	144,972	5.5	-1,133	0.0
Michigan	196,743	5.3	221,387	6.0	-24,644	-0.7
Ohio	239,333	5.1	262,346	5.6	-23,013	-0.5
Wisconsin	122,392	5.0	140,307	5.7	-17,915	-0.7
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2017 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 25, 2018.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept 2017	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept 2017
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	263,761	260,009	260,122	266,532	239,333	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.1
At expanding establishments	220,396	220,105	225,000	226,895	205,389	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.4
At opening establishments	43,365	39,904	35,122	39,637	33,944	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.7
Gross job losses	261,433	249,754	236,913	248,853	262,346	5.7	5.4	5.1	5.4	5.6
At contracting establishments	224,422	213,595	205,424	212,407	224,214	4.9	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.8
At closing establishments	37,011	36,159	31,489	36,446	38,132	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	2,328	10,255	23,209	17,679	-23,013	0.0	0.3	0.6	0.4	-0.5
Construction
Gross job gains	18,619	20,788	26,288	27,132	17,935	9.1	10.2	12.5	12.4	8.2
At expanding establishments	15,163	17,323	21,935	22,760	15,032	7.4	8.5	10.4	10.4	6.9
At opening establishments	3,456	3,465	4,353	4,372	2,903	1.7	1.7	2.1	2.0	1.3
Gross job losses	23,832	21,344	17,183	20,209	23,499	11.6	10.5	8.1	9.2	10.7
At contracting establishments	20,343	17,879	14,198	16,855	19,916	9.9	8.8	6.7	7.7	9.1
At closing establishments	3,489	3,465	2,985	3,354	3,583	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-5,213	-556	9,105	6,923	-5,564	-2.5	-0.3	4.4	3.2	-2.5
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	20,133	20,006	19,294	21,373	18,040	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.1	2.6
At expanding establishments	18,456	18,522	18,454	20,182	17,149	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.5
At opening establishments	1,677	1,484	840	1,191	891	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gross job losses	21,556	18,427	18,457	17,904	22,223	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.6	3.3
At contracting establishments	19,223	16,986	16,921	16,650	20,965	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.4	3.1
At closing establishments	2,333	1,441	1,536	1,254	1,258	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Net employment change (2)	-1,423	1,579	837	3,469	-4,183	-0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	-0.7
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	10,636	10,353	10,045	10,337	9,641	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.1
At expanding establishments	8,513	8,468	8,482	8,774	7,949	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.4
At opening establishments	2,123	1,885	1,563	1,563	1,692	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	10,023	9,871	8,913	8,821	9,842	4.3	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.2
At contracting establishments	8,150	8,044	7,336	7,028	7,729	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.3
At closing establishments	1,873	1,827	1,577	1,793	2,113	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9
Net employment change (2)	613	482	1,132	1,516	-201	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.6	-0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	35,779	34,364	34,410	32,944	32,315	6.2	6.0	5.9	5.6	5.6
At expanding establishments	31,517	31,105	30,847	29,303	29,415	5.5	5.4	5.3	5.0	5.1
At opening establishments	4,262	3,259	3,563	3,641	2,900	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	35,480	34,441	32,894	34,903	34,634	6.1	6.0	5.6	6.0	6.0
At contracting establishments	31,991	30,985	29,816	30,826	30,865	5.5	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.3
At closing establishments	3,489	3,456	3,078	4,077	3,769	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	299	-77	1,516	-1,959	-2,319	0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.4	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	10,158	14,762	9,159	9,623	9,464	5.5	7.8	4.9	5.2	5.0
At expanding establishments	8,864	13,782	8,295	8,561	8,459	4.8	7.3	4.4	4.6	4.5
At opening establishments	1,294	980	864	1,062	1,005	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	8,343	9,337	12,666	9,980	9,111	4.6	5.0	6.8	5.3	4.9
At contracting establishments	7,286	8,186	11,807	8,978	7,761	4.0	4.4	6.3	4.8	4.2
At closing establishments	1,057	1,151	859	1,002	1,350	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7
Net employment change (2)	1,815	5,425	-3,507	-357	353	0.9	2.8	-1.9	-0.1	0.1
Information
Gross job gains	3,350	2,805	2,425	3,167	3,522	4.7	3.9	3.4	4.4	5.0
At expanding establishments	2,661	2,316	1,929	2,776	3,046	3.7	3.2	2.7	3.9	4.3
At opening establishments	689	489	496	391	476	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7
Gross job losses	3,080	3,496	2,911	3,375	3,290	4.3	4.9	4.1	4.7	4.6
At contracting establishments	2,777	2,952	2,577	2,629	2,857	3.9	4.1	3.6	3.7	4.0
At closing establishments	303	544	334	746	433	0.4	0.8	0.5	1.0	0.6
Net employment change (2)	270	-691	-486	-208	232	0.4	-1.0	-0.7	-0.3	0.4
Financial activities
Gross job gains	12,630	13,225	11,171	13,155	12,705	4.5	4.6	3.9	4.5	4.4
At expanding establishments	10,095	10,877	9,338	11,002	10,482	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.8	3.6
At opening establishments	2,535	2,348	1,833	2,153	2,223	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	11,314	11,819	10,808	10,923	12,099	4.0	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.2
At contracting establishments	9,370	9,362	8,746	8,519	9,829	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.4
At closing establishments	1,944	2,457	2,062	2,404	2,270	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	1,316	1,406	363	2,232	606	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.2
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	49,568	44,677	43,188	48,838	39,346	6.8	6.1	5.9	6.7	5.4
At expanding establishments	40,793	35,635	37,116	41,297	33,212	5.6	4.9	5.1	5.7	4.6
At opening establishments	8,775	9,042	6,072	7,541	6,134	1.2	1.2	0.8	1.0	0.8
Gross job losses	47,788	45,976	45,357	45,432	46,514	6.7	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.4
At contracting establishments	40,128	38,588	38,321	38,398	38,254	5.6	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3
At closing establishments	7,660	7,388	7,036	7,034	8,260	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Net employment change (2)	1,780	-1,299	-2,169	3,406	-7,168	0.1	-0.2	-0.4	0.4	-1.0
Education and health services
Gross job gains	40,689	33,195	37,330	36,556	35,760	4.6	3.7	4.2	4.0	4.0
At expanding establishments	35,570	28,506	32,798	31,855	31,429	4.0	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.5
At opening establishments	5,119	4,689	4,532	4,701	4,331	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	34,428	34,196	31,249	35,674	34,921	3.9	3.8	3.5	4.0	3.9
At contracting establishments	29,141	28,965	26,727	30,144	29,907	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.3
At closing establishments	5,287	5,231	4,522	5,530	5,014	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Net employment change (2)	6,261	-1,001	6,081	882	839	0.7	-0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	47,299	51,505	52,351	48,950	48,074	8.6	9.3	9.3	8.7	8.6
At expanding establishments	36,950	41,862	43,644	38,337	38,590	6.7	7.6	7.8	6.8	6.9
At opening establishments	10,349	9,643	8,707	10,613	9,484	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7
Gross job losses	50,665	46,516	43,195	48,602	51,074	9.2	8.5	7.7	8.6	9.1
At contracting establishments	43,421	39,573	37,838	41,632	43,717	7.9	7.2	6.7	7.4	7.8
At closing establishments	7,244	6,943	5,357	6,970	7,357	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-3,366	4,989	9,156	348	-3,000	-0.6	0.8	1.6	0.1	-0.5
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	11,012	9,897	10,452	10,833	9,076	7.2	6.6	6.9	7.1	6.0
At expanding establishments	8,674	7,995	8,879	9,162	7,624	5.7	5.3	5.9	6.0	5.0
At opening establishments	2,338	1,902	1,573	1,671	1,452	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gross job losses	10,983	11,176	9,464	9,510	11,211	7.3	7.4	6.2	6.3	7.4
At contracting establishments	9,173	9,334	7,746	7,655	9,257	6.1	6.2	5.1	5.1	6.1
At closing establishments	1,810	1,842	1,718	1,855	1,954	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3
Net employment change (2)	29	-1,279	988	1,323	-2,135	-0.1	-0.8	0.7	0.8	-1.4
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept. 2017	Sept. 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	Sept. 2017
United States(1)	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.8	6.1
Alabama	6.2	5.8	6.1	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.8	5.2	5.6	5.8
Alaska	9.1	9.8	9.4	11.0	8.5	11.2	10.0	9.8	9.9	10.5
Arizona	7.2	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.6	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.3
Arkansas	6.2	5.9	5.6	5.2	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.0	5.6	5.5
California	6.9	6.9	6.7	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.6	6.4
Colorado	7.1	6.6	6.8	7.1	6.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.4
Connecticut	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.7	5.2	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.7
Delaware	6.3	6.2	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.2	5.9	7.0	6.6
District of Columbia	6.2	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.4	5.8	5.6	4.7	5.6	5.3
Florida	7.4	6.7	6.1	6.6	5.6	5.8	6.1	5.5	6.1	7.5
Georgia	6.7	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.8	6.1	6.2
Hawaii	6.0	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.4	4.8	5.0	4.8	5.4	5.3
Idaho	7.9	7.5	7.9	7.3	6.7	7.3	6.7	6.3	6.6	6.6
Illinois	5.7	6.1	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.5	6.0
Indiana	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.5
Iowa	6.1	5.7	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.7
Kansas	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.5	6.3	5.6	5.7	5.6	6.6	5.7
Kentucky	6.8	6.1	5.7	6.1	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.4	5.9	5.8
Louisiana	6.8	5.9	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.5	6.5	5.9	6.5	6.1
Maine	6.7	7.4	7.2	7.7	6.5	7.4	7.1	6.4	7.7	7.5
Maryland	6.6	6.6	6.1	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.2
Massachusetts	5.7	5.6	5.5	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.6
Michigan	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.0	5.3	6.0
Minnesota	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.5	5.7	4.7	5.3	5.7
Mississippi	6.3	6.3	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.9	6.0	5.9
Missouri	5.7	5.7	5.9	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.6	4.9	5.6	5.9
Montana	7.6	7.8	8.1	7.9	7.2	7.7	7.5	7.1	7.7	8.0
Nebraska	6.4	5.7	5.9	5.6	5.9	5.9	6.2	5.2	6.1	5.9
Nevada	6.8	6.2	6.6	6.3	6.3	5.5	5.6	5.2	6.0	5.8
New Hampshire	6.4	6.3	5.7	6.6	5.6	6.3	5.9	5.6	5.9	6.5
New Jersey	6.3	6.4	5.5	6.7	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.5	6.2
New Mexico	7.0	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.3
New York	6.3	6.1	6.2	6.5	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.7	6.1
North Carolina	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.9	6.0
North Dakota	8.2	6.7	7.6	6.8	6.7	7.1	7.7	6.7	6.9	6.8
Ohio	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.1	5.7	5.4	5.1	5.4	5.6
Oklahoma	6.3	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	6.3	6.5	5.9	6.0
Oregon	6.9	6.6	6.9	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.3	5.7	5.9	6.3
Pennsylvania	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.2
Rhode Island	5.6	5.7	6.3	6.5	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.9	6.3
South Carolina	6.3	6.5	6.0	6.1	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.6	6.0	6.4
South Dakota	6.4	6.0	6.4	6.3	5.7	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.0
Tennessee	5.9	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.1	5.2
Texas	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.7
Utah	7.4	6.8	7.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.3
Vermont	7.2	7.0	6.6	7.9	6.7	7.4	7.0	6.8	6.8	7.8
Virginia	6.2	6.2	6.0	6.2	5.8	6.1	5.9	5.6	5.9	6.2
Washington	6.7	7.1	6.8	7.1	6.3	6.6	6.7	5.6	6.1	6.3
West Virginia	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.4	6.9	6.4	6.2	6.4	6.5	6.5
Wisconsin	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.6	5.0	5.6	5.3	4.8	5.5	5.7
Wyoming	8.5	8.8	8.8	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.7	8.1	9.0	7.9
Puerto Rico	5.8	5.8	5.1	5.2	4.1	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.2	6.2
Virgin Islands	6.2	6.0	5.3	6.2	4.2	6.8	6.0	5.5	4.7	8.3
Footnotes: (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.