Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, July 1, 2025       USDL-25-1087
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                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2025

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.8 million in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. Over the month, both hires and total separations were little changed at 5.5 million and 
5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) 
changed little. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 
total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. Job openings include all positions that 
are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations include all changes to the payroll 
during the entire month. 
       
Job Openings

The number and rate of job openings were little changed at 7.8 million and 4.6 percent, respectively, in 
May. The number of job openings increased in accommodation and food services (+314,000) and in 
finance and insurance (+91,000). The number of job openings decreased in federal government              
(-39,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In May, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 5.5 million and 3.4 percent, respectively. 
The number of hires decreased in federal government (-11,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in May was little changed at 5.2 million. The total separations rate 
remained unchanged for the fifth month in a row at 3.3 percent. Total separations decreased in finance 
and insurance (-42,000). (See table 3.)

In May, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 3.3 million and 2.1 percent, respectively. 
The number of quits was little changed in all industries in May. (See table 4.)

In May, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.6 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-47,000). 
(See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed at 349,000 in May. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In May, the layoffs and discharges rate decreased for establishments with 1 to 9 employees, while the 
job openings, hires, quits, and total separations rates showed little change. For establishments with 5,000 
or more employees, all rates showed little or no change. (See table 7.)

April 2025 Revisions

The number of job openings for April was revised up by 4,000 to 7.4 million, the number of hires was 
revised up by 42,000 to 5.6 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 25,000 to 5.3 
million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 21,000 to 3.2 million, and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 3,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result from 
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates 
and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
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The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, July 29, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).