For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 24, 2026 USDL-26-1020
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PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING AND MINING INDUSTRIES - 2025
Labor productivity increased in 39 of the 80 covered four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries in
2025, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Among durable manufacturing industries, 25 of
47 had productivity increases in 2025, led by a gain of 14.9 percent in other transportation equipment
manufacturing. Productivity rose in 14 of 33 nondurable goods manufacturing industries, led by a 16.1-
percent gain in textile and fabric finishing mills. Productivity fell in 3 of the 5 mining industries in 2025
with the greatest decrease occurring in support activities for mining (-9.8 percent). (See table 1.) Among
industries with more than 350,000 workers, motor vehicle parts had the largest productivity gain in 2025
(+4.6 percent) while bakeries and tortilla products recorded the largest productivity decline (-4.4 percent).
Hours worked decreased in 50 of the 80 covered four-digit manufacturing industries in 2025. Textile and
fabric finishing mills recorded the greatest decline in hours worked (-17.3 percent). Hours worked
increased in three of five mining industries. Seven of the 85 manufacturing and mining industries
increased both output and hours worked in 2025. Six of these seven industries had increasing labor
productivity.
Labor Productivity Trends in Three-Digit NAICS Industries, 2025
Manufacturing
• Labor productivity declined in 14 of the 20 covered three-digit NAICS manufacturing industries
in 2025. Two of the six industries with productivity gains had growth in output: computer and
electronic products and wood products. All six industries with productivity growth also recorded
declines in hours worked.
• Output decreased in 17 industries. Seven of these industries had an output decline of more than
3.0 percent.
• Miscellaneous manufacturing had the largest productivity decline (-5.8 percent).
Mining
• Labor productivity declined in 2 of the 3 three-digit NAICS mining industries in 2025.
• Oil and gas extraction had a productivity gain of 13.9 percent due to a 2.9-percent increase in
output and a 9.6-percent decline in hours worked.
• Productivity fell 9.8 percent in support activities for mining, the most among mining industries.
Hours worked rose in this industry (+1.1 percent) while output fell (-8.8 percent).
Trends in Unit Labor Costs in 2025
Unit labor costs reflect the total cost of labor required to produce a unit of output. Unit labor costs
increase when hourly compensation growth exceeds productivity growth.
Manufacturing
• In manufacturing, unit labor costs increased in all 20 of the covered three-digit NAICS industries
in 2025, at an average rate of 4.5 percent. The three industries with the largest growth in unit labor
costs were electrical equipment and appliances (+10.3 percent), miscellaneous manufacturing
(+10.1 percent), and beverages and tobacco products (+8.5 percent). All three industries had
declining output but increased labor compensation.
• Unit labor costs increased in 71 out of the 80 covered four-digit NAICS manufacturing
industries. Labor compensation rose in 64 manufacturing industries in 2025. (See table 1.)
Mining
• Unit labor costs increased in two of the three-digit NAICS mining industries. The greatest
growth in unit labor costs occurred in support activities for mining (+7.8 percent). Oil and gas
extraction showed the largest increase in hourly compensation (+11.6 percent).
2019 to 2025 Trends
Productivity decreased in 54 of the 80 covered four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from 2019 to
2025. Over this period, 3 of the 5 four-digit NAICS mining industries experienced productivity growth.
Note that the annual percent changes for periods of more than 1 year are annualized average rates of
change over the entire period, or a compound annual growth rate. (See table 3.)
Manufacturing
• The two industries with the greatest gains in productivity from 2019 to 2025 were computer and
peripheral equipment (+5.5 percent per year) and audio and video equipment (+5.1 percent). The
largest productivity decline occurred in beverage manufacturing (-6.3 percent).
• Output decreased in over three-quarters of the four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from
2019 to 2025. Audio and video equipment manufacturing had the greatest output growth (+3.7
percent per year) while the largest declines occurred in textile and fabric finishing mills (-8.5
percent) and spring and wire products (-7.5 percent).
• Hours worked fell in 50 out of 80 four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from 2019 to 2025.
Apparel knitting mills recorded the largest drop in hours worked (-7.7 percent per year). Hours
worked grew in two manufacturing industries by 3.0 percent per year or more over this period:
other food products (+3.3 percent) and beverages (+3.0 percent).
Mining
• The greatest productivity growth among mining industries from 2019 to 2025 occurred in oil and
gas extraction (+7.1 percent per year).
• Oil and gas extraction was the only mining industry with growth in output from 2019 to 2025
(+2.0 percent per year). Support activities for mining had the largest annualized average decline
in output (-4.9 percent) from 2019 to 2025.
• In 2025, hours worked remained below pre-pandemic levels in 4 out of the 5 four-digit NAICS
mining industries. The largest decline in hours worked occurred in coal mining which decreased
by 4.8 percent per year from 2019 to 2025. Metal ore mining was the only mining industry to
increase hours worked (+0.6 percent per year).
Long-Term Trends in Labor Productivity
• Over the entire 1987-2025 period, labor productivity rose in 75 of the 85 covered manufacturing
and mining industries. Output rose in 42 industries while hours worked increased in only 15.
(See table 2.) In the 15 industries where hours worked increased, they rose at a slow pace of 0.7
percent per year (on average).
• During the 2007-2019 period, productivity increased in 32 industries. Of these industries, only
five had simultaneous growth in output and hours worked. Oil and gas extraction had the greatest
growth in output over this period (+7.0 percent per year).
• In the most recent 2019-2025 period, productivity increased in 29 industries led by oil and gas
extraction (+7.1 percent per year). Hours worked grew in 30 industries, the greatest number for
any selected time period. Other food manufacturing had the highest annual growth in hours
worked from 2019 to 2025 (+3.3 percent). Audio and video equipment manufacturing led the 85
covered industries in output growth (+3.7 percent).
Long-Term Trends in Unit Labor Costs
• From 1987 to 2025, unit labor costs increased in 76 of the 80 covered four-digit NAICS
manufacturing industries and in all five mining industries. (See table 2.)
• In the 2007 to 2019 time period, unit labor costs increased in 78 manufacturing industries and in
3 of the 5 mining industries. From 2007 to 2019, unit labor costs rose the most in the resin,
rubber, and artificial fibers industry (+5.0 percent per year).
• From 2019 to 2025, unit labor costs increased in 79 out of 80 manufacturing industries and in 4
of the 5 mining industries. Over this period, unit labor costs rose the most in beverage
manufacturing (+10.2 percent).
Over the 1987-2025 period the computer and peripheral equipment industry recorded the largest
productivity gain (+13.0 percent per year) as well as the largest unit labor costs decline (-9.7 percent).
However, from 2007 to 2019, labor productivity for this industry fell (-0.4 percent) as did unit labor
costs (-0.4 percent). For the 2019-2025 period, both labor productivity (+5.5 percent) and unit labor
costs (+3.2 percent) grew in computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing.
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* *
* Suspended Industry Series *
* *
* BLS uses data from a variety of sources to calculate productivity and related measures for *
* industries of the U.S. economy. These sources include data from other BLS programs as well as *
* data from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and other federal and private *
* sources. Beginning with this news release, measures of labor productivity, real sectoral output, *
* output per worker, unit labor costs, sectoral output, sectoral output price deflator, hourly *
* compensation, and labor compensation for some industries have been suspended due to changes *
* in source data. Data through 2024 will remain available on the BLS website. This affects the *
* following industries: *
* • 316 - Leather and allied product manufacturing *
* • 3161 - Leather and hide tanning and finishing *
* • 3169 - Other leather and allied product manufacturing *
* • 3274 - Lime and gypsum product manufacturing *
* • 3322 - Cutlery and handtool manufacturing *
* • 3346 - Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media *
* • 3379 - Other furniture related product manufacturing *
* *
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Additional Information
Manufacturing industry output measures for 2023 and earlier years are constructed primarily using data
from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau together with data on price
changes primarily from BLS. Manufacturing industry output for 2024 and 2025 is estimated based on
historical relationships between BLS sectoral output, BLS price indexes, and data on industrial
production from the Federal Reserve Board.
Mining industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the U.S. Energy Information
Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Commodity Summaries and Mineral
Yearbooks.
Access productivity data at www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/labor-productivity-detailed-industries.xlsx
for:
• Additional industries and sectors
• Detailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and levels of
industry employment, hours worked, sectoral output, and labor compensation
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