Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2021
19-3011 Economists
Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods. Excludes “Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists” (13-1161).
National estimates for Economists
Industry profile for Economists
Geographic profile for Economists
National estimates for Economists:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for Economists:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 15,640 |
4.5 % |
$ 58.09 |
$ 120,830 |
1.7 % |
Percentile wage estimates for Economists:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$ 30.03 |
$ 38.35 |
$ 50.79 |
$ 72.65 |
$ 93.12 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$ 62,460 |
$ 79,760 |
$ 105,630 |
$ 151,110 |
$ 193,690 |
Industry profile for Economists:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for Economists are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in Economists, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in Economists:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation) |
4,360 |
0.21 |
$ 62.06 |
$ 129,080 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
2,800 |
0.18 |
$ 61.73 |
$ 128,400 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
1,930 |
0.24 |
$ 58.02 |
$ 120,690 |
| State Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
1,720 |
0.08 |
$ 39.05 |
$ 81,230 |
| Local Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
1,380 |
0.03 |
$ 44.36 |
$ 92,280 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in Economists:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Monetary Authorities-Central Bank |
260 |
1.24 |
$ 87.62 |
$ 182,250 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
1,930 |
0.24 |
$ 58.02 |
$ 120,690 |
| Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation) |
4,360 |
0.21 |
$ 62.06 |
$ 129,080 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
2,800 |
0.18 |
$ 61.73 |
$ 128,400 |
| Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations |
600 |
0.15 |
$ 64.78 |
$ 134,740 |
Top paying industries for Economists:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Legal Services |
(8) |
(8) |
$ 92.22 |
$ 191,820 |
| Monetary Authorities-Central Bank |
260 |
1.24 |
$ 87.62 |
$ 182,250 |
| Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities |
300 |
0.03 |
$ 86.53 |
$ 179,980 |
| Nondepository Credit Intermediation |
40 |
0.01 |
$ 77.04 |
$ 160,250 |
| Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations |
600 |
0.15 |
$ 64.78 |
$ 134,740 |
Geographic profile for Economists:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for Economists are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in Economists, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in Economists:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| District of Columbia |
4,160 |
6.29 |
56.64 |
$ 67.64 |
$ 140,690 |
| California |
1,760 |
0.11 |
0.96 |
$ 66.04 |
$ 137,350 |
| Maryland |
1,030 |
0.40 |
3.64 |
$ 58.99 |
$ 122,690 |
| Virginia |
800 |
0.21 |
1.91 |
$ 58.06 |
$ 120,770 |
| New York |
770 |
0.09 |
0.80 |
$ 73.47 |
$ 152,810 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Economists:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| District of Columbia |
4,160 |
6.29 |
56.64 |
$ 67.64 |
$ 140,690 |
| Maryland |
1,030 |
0.40 |
3.64 |
$ 58.99 |
$ 122,690 |
| Alaska |
90 |
0.31 |
2.80 |
$ 53.52 |
$ 111,310 |
| Virginia |
800 |
0.21 |
1.91 |
$ 58.06 |
$ 120,770 |
| Massachusetts |
600 |
0.18 |
1.59 |
$ 58.25 |
$ 121,160 |
Top paying states for Economists:
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in Economists:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
5,520 |
1.88 |
16.96 |
$ 66.02 |
$ 137,320 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
670 |
0.08 |
0.70 |
$ 78.30 |
$ 162,870 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
640 |
0.11 |
1.00 |
$ 68.03 |
$ 141,500 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
550 |
0.21 |
1.92 |
$ 58.88 |
$ 122,480 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
420 |
0.19 |
1.69 |
$ 77.56 |
$ 161,320 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
330 |
0.13 |
1.16 |
(8) |
(8) |
| Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
230 |
0.23 |
2.10 |
$ 46.82 |
$ 97,380 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
230 |
0.08 |
0.76 |
$ 55.37 |
$ 115,170 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
220 |
0.06 |
0.55 |
$ 56.06 |
$ 116,600 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
210 |
0.11 |
1.01 |
$ 56.86 |
$ 118,260 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Economists:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
5,520 |
1.88 |
16.96 |
$ 66.02 |
$ 137,320 |
| Olympia-Tumwater, WA |
150 |
1.30 |
11.74 |
$ 45.48 |
$ 94,590 |
| Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA |
160 |
0.51 |
4.60 |
$ 38.07 |
$ 79,190 |
| Salem, OR |
60 |
0.34 |
3.07 |
$ 51.28 |
$ 106,650 |
| Tallahassee, FL |
50 |
0.32 |
2.88 |
$ 38.29 |
$ 79,650 |
| Madison, WI |
120 |
0.32 |
2.85 |
$ 35.68 |
$ 74,210 |
| Ann Arbor, MI |
50 |
0.26 |
2.33 |
$ 52.45 |
$ 109,090 |
| Lansing-East Lansing, MI |
50 |
0.25 |
2.25 |
$ 46.73 |
$ 97,190 |
| Boulder, CO |
40 |
0.24 |
2.12 |
$ 52.73 |
$ 109,690 |
| Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
230 |
0.23 |
2.10 |
$ 46.82 |
$ 97,380 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for Economists:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
670 |
0.08 |
0.70 |
$ 78.30 |
$ 162,870 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
420 |
0.19 |
1.69 |
$ 77.56 |
$ 161,320 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
90 |
0.08 |
0.75 |
$ 75.17 |
$ 156,360 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
640 |
0.11 |
1.00 |
$ 68.03 |
$ 141,500 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
5,520 |
1.88 |
16.96 |
$ 66.02 |
$ 137,320 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
210 |
0.05 |
0.44 |
$ 61.37 |
$ 127,640 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
550 |
0.21 |
1.92 |
$ 58.88 |
$ 122,480 |
| San Diego-Carlsbad, CA |
120 |
0.09 |
0.78 |
$ 58.76 |
$ 122,220 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
170 |
0.13 |
1.21 |
$ 58.51 |
$ 121,690 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
$ 58.46 |
$ 121,610 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in Economists:
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Economists:
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for Economists:
About May 2021 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The top employment and wage figures are provided above. The complete list is available in the downloadable XLS files.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate—50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(8) Estimate not released.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OEWS estimates and related information:
May 2021 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2021 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2021 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2021 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2021 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: March 31, 2022
United States Department of Labor
