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Foreign-born workers made 83.1 percent of the earnings of their native-born counterparts in 2016
May 24, 2017
In 2016, there were 27.0 million foreign-born persons in the U.S. labor force, comprising 16.9 percent of the total.
In 2016, the median usual weekly earnings of foreign-born full-time wage and salary workers ($715) were 83.1 percent of the earnings of their native-born counterparts ($860). Among men, median weekly earnings for the foreign born ($751) were 79.0 percent of the earnings of the native born ($951). Median earnings for foreign-born women ($655) were 86.0 percent of the earnings of their native-born counterparts ($762). Differences in earnings reflect varying educational attainment, occupation, industry, and geographic location of foreign-born and native-born workers, among other factors.
Median usual weekly earnings of foreign-born full-time wage and salary workers as a percent of native-born worker wages, 2016 annual averages
Characteristic
Percent
Total, 16 years and over
83.1%
Men
79.0
Women
86.0
Age
16 to 24 years
99.0
25 to 34 years
87.0
35 to 44 years
77.8
45 to 54 years
76.9
55 to 64 years
81.5
65 years and over
81.9
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White non-Hispanic or Latino
110.6
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
102.4
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
108.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
83.5
Educational attainment
Less than a high school diploma
93.1
High school graduates, no college
85.8
Some college or associate degree
90.0
Bachelor's degree and higher
104.6
Among the major race and ethnicity groups, Hispanic foreign-born full-time wage and salary workers earned 83.5 percent as much as their native-born counterparts in 2016. Among Black workers, earnings of the foreign born and the native born were relatively close. For White and Asian workers, earnings for the foreign born were slightly higher than for the native born.
In 2016, foreign-born workers were more likely than native-born workers to be employed in service occupations (23.5 percent versus 16.5 percent); in production, transportation, and material moving occupations (14.8 percent versus 11.1 percent); and in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (13.6 percent versus 8.3 percent). Native-born workers were more likely than foreign-born workers to be employed in management, professional, and related occupations (40.7 percent versus 32.2 percent) and in sales and office occupations (23.4 percent versus 15.9 percent).
Percent of foreign-born and native-born workers employed in each occupational group, 2016 annual averages
Occupation
Foreign born
Native born
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
12.4%
17.3%
Professional and related occupations
19.8
23.4
Service occupations
23.5
16.5
Sales and office occupations
15.9
23.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13.6
8.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14.8
11.1
These data are from the Current Population Survey. For more information, see "Foreign-Born Workers: Labor Force Characteristics — 2016" (HTML) (PDF). The foreign born are U.S. residents born outside the country or one of its outlying areas to parents who were not U.S. citizens. The foreign born include legally admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants.
Gulf War Era Veterans in the Labor Force Examines the demographic, employment, and unemployment characteristics of civilians who served in the U.S. military during Gulf War era.
United States Department of Labor
