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Black workers had a higher union membership rate than White, Asian, and Hispanic workers in 2025

March 17, 2026

Among the major race and ethnicity groups, Black workers continued to have a higher union membership rate in 2025 (11.4 percent) than White (9.9 percent), Asian (8.7 percent), and Hispanic (8.9 percent) workers.

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Union membership rates by race and sex, 2025
Category	Membership rate
Total, 16 years and over	10.0
Total men	10.4
Total women	9.6
White	9.9
White men	10.3
White women	9.3
Black	11.4
Black men	12.4
Black women	10.5
Asian	8.7
Asian men	7.8
Asian women	9.8
Hispanic or Latino	8.9
Hispanic or Latino men	8.7
Hispanic or Latino women	9.0
Note: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

In 2025, Black men had a higher rate of union membership (12.4 percent) than White men (10.3 percent), Asian men (7.8 percent), and Hispanic men (8.7 percent). Black women had a higher rate of union membership (10.5 percent) than Asian women (9.8 percent), White women (9.3 percent), and Hispanic women (9.0 percent) in 2025.

These data are from the Current Population Survey. To learn more, see “Union Members — 2025.” The union membership rate is calculated by dividing the number of union members by the number of wage and salary workers. Union membership data do not include self-employed workers. People whose ethnicity is Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

SUGGESTED CITATION

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Black workers had a higher union membership rate than White, Asian, and Hispanic workers in 2025 at https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2026/black-workers-had-a-higher-union-membership-rate-than-white-asian-and-hispanic-workers-in-2025.htm (visited March 18, 2026).

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