Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

News Release Information

23-1598-PHI
Monday, July 17, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:

Occupational Employment and Wages in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News – May 2022

Workers in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $27.12 in May 2022, 9 percent below the nationwide average of $29.76, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Alexandra Hall Bovee noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 19 of the 22 major occupational groups, including legal; arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media; and sales related. Production occupations were the only major occupational group with significantly higher wages than their respective national averages.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Virginia Beach area employment was more highly concentrated in 13 of the 22 occupational groups, including food preparation and serving related, construction and extraction, and business and financial operations. Eight groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including management, office and administrative support, and transportation and material moving. (See table A.)

Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the Virginia Beach metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2022
Major occupational groupPercent of total employmentMean hourly wage ($)
United StatesVirginia BeachUnited StatesVirginia BeachPercent difference (1)

Total, all occupations

100.0100.029.7627.12*-9

Management

6.74.9*63.0858.15*-8

Business and financial operations

6.57.3*41.3938.68*-7

Computer and mathematical

3.43.6*51.9947.55*-9

Architecture and engineering

1.72.2*45.5243.76*-4

Life, physical, and social science

0.90.940.2137.49*-7

Community and social service

1.61.7*26.8125.42*-5

Legal

0.80.7*59.8743.95*-27

Educational instruction and library

5.76.0*30.4129.10*-4

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

1.41.1*36.7828.94*-21

Healthcare practitioners and technical

6.16.3*46.5243.92-6

Healthcare support

4.63.8*17.1015.38*-10

Protective service

2.32.6*25.9722.83*-12

Food preparation and serving related

8.59.5*15.4514.40*-7

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

2.93.0*17.2615.22*-12

Personal care and service

1.92.4*17.4115.47*-11

Sales and related

8.99.3*24.2220.52*-15

Office and administrative support

12.611.4*21.9020.04*-8

Farming, fishing, and forestry

0.30.1*18.2117.87-2

Construction and extraction

4.14.9*28.0824.39*-13

Installation, maintenance, and repair

3.94.6*26.7725.10*-6

Production

5.95.2*21.8123.53*8

Transportation and material moving

9.28.4*21.1220.47*-3

Footnotes:
(1) A positive percent difference measures how much the mean wage in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area is above the national mean wage, while a negative difference reflects a lower wage.
* The mean hourly wage or percent share of employment is significantly different from the national average of all areas at the 90-percent confidence level.

One occupational group—food preparation and serving related—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Virginia Beach had 69,100 jobs in food preparation and serving related, accounting for 9.5 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 8.5-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $14.40, significantly below the national wage of $15.45.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the food preparation and serving related group included fast food and counter workers (21,430), waiters and waitresses (12,830), and cooks, restaurant (8,110). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were chefs and head cooks, and bartenders, with mean hourly wages of $23.15 and $18.53, respectively. (See chart 1.) At the lower end of the wage scale were hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ($12.41) and fast food counter workers ($12.47). (Detailed data for the food preparation and serving related occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47260.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Virginia Beach area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in some of the occupations within the food preparation and serving related group. For instance, fast food counter workers were employed at 1.3 times the national rate in Virginia Beach, and waiters and waitresses, at 1.2 times the U.S. average. Dishwashers had a location quotient of 1.0 in Virginia Beach, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Virginia Employment Commission and the North Carolina Department of Commerce.

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement.

The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. See North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS for details.


Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels; and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area included 4,228 establishments with a response rate of 50 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Currituck County, NC; Gates County, NC; Chesapeake city, VA; Gloucester County, VA; Hampton city, VA; Isle of Wight County, VA; James City County, VA; Mathews County, VA; Newport News city, VA; Norfolk city, VA; Poquoson city, VA; Portsmouth city, VA; Suffolk city, VA; Virginia Beach city, VA; Williamsburg city, VA; and York County, VA.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for food preparation and serving related occupations, Virginia Beach metropolitan area, May 2022
Occupation (1)EmploymentMean wages ($)
Level (2)Location quotient (3)HourlyAnnual (4)

Food preparation and serving related occupations

69,1001.114.4029,960

Chefs and head cooks

6900.923.1548,140

First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers

6,9001.218.4138,290

Cooks, fast food

2,8200.813.0127,070

Cooks, institution and cafeteria

2,1901.116.9435,230

Cooks, restaurant

8,1101.314.7030,580

Cooks, short order

6301.013.5128,100

Cooks, all other

600.715.1631,520

Food preparation workers

3,9300.913.2927,640

Bartenders

2,0400.718.5338,540

Fast food and counter workers

21,4301.312.4725,930

Waiters and waitresses

12,8301.215.3932,010

Food servers, nonrestaurant

1,1100.913.4227,910

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers

1,9000.912.8726,770

Dishwashers

2,0401.012.6226,260

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop

2,2901.212.4125,810

Food preparation and serving related workers, all other

1100.312.1825,330

Footnotes:
(1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47260.htm.
(2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
(4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.

 

Last Modified Date: Monday, July 17, 2023