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News Release Information

23-1175-CHI
Thursday, July 27, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:
  • (312) 353-1138

Occupational Employment and Wages in South Bend-Mishawaka — May 2022

Workers in the South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $25.13 in May 2022, 16 percent below the nationwide average of $29.76, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 20 of the 22 major occupational groups, including computer and mathematical; legal; and arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, South Bend area employment was more highly concentrated in 7 of the 22 occupational groups, including production, food preparation and serving related, and educational instruction and library. Ten groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including business and financial operations, computer and mathematical, and management. (See table A.)

Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the South Bend metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2022
Major occupational groupPercent of total employmentMean hourly wage
United StatesSouth BendUnited StatesSouth BendPercent difference (1)

Total, all occupations

100.0100.0$29.76$25.13*-16

Management

6.75.5*63.0851.93*-18

Business and financial operations

6.54.6*41.3934.29*-17

Computer and mathematical

3.41.9*51.9936.31*-30

Architecture and engineering

1.71.2*45.5237.27*-18

Life, physical, and social science

0.90.7*40.2132.37*-19

Community and social service

1.62.0*26.8122.97*-14

Legal

0.80.5*59.8744.28*-26

Educational instruction and library

5.76.8*30.4128.76*-5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

1.41.436.7824.84*-32

Healthcare practitioners and technical

6.16.9*46.5243.24*-7

Healthcare support

4.64.4*17.1016.22*-5

Protective service

2.32.325.9721.56*-17

Food preparation and serving related

8.59.7*15.4513.62*-12

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

2.92.917.2616.06*-7

Personal care and service

1.91.817.4115.57*-11

Sales and related

8.99.4*24.2221.07*-13

Office and administrative support

12.611.5*21.9020.11*-8

Farming, fishing, and forestry

0.30.1*18.2118.270

Construction and extraction

4.13.5*28.0828.241

Installation, maintenance, and repair

3.94.8*26.7724.16*-10

Production

5.98.9*21.8120.27*-7

Transportation and material moving

9.29.021.1219.47*-8

Footnotes:
(1) A positive percent difference measures how much the mean wage in the South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Metropolitan Statistical Area is above the national mean wage, while a negative difference reflects a lower wage.
* The mean hourly wage or percent share of employment is significantly different from the national average of all areas at the 90-percent confidence level.

One occupational group—production—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. South Bend had 11,230 jobs in production, accounting for 8.9 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 5.9-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $20.27, significantly below the national wage of $21.81.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the production group included miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators (1,510), first-line supervisors of production and operating workers (810), and machinists (750). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were first-line supervisors of production and operating workers and tool and die makers, with mean hourly wages of $30.84 and $26.36, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were pressers, textile, garment, and related materials ($12.76) and laundry and dry-cleaning workers ($13.86). (Detailed data for the production occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_43780.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the South Bend area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the production group. For instance, molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic were employed at 4.1 times the national rate in South Bend, and cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic, at 4.0 times the U.S. average. Bakers had a location quotient of 1.0 in South Bend, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Indiana Department of Workforce Development and the Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth.

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement.

The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. See North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS for details.


Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Metropolitan Statistical Area included 1,737 establishments with a response rate of 75 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Metropolitan Statistical Area includes St. Joseph County IN, and Cass County, MI.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for production occupations, South Bend metropolitan area, May 2022
Occupation (1)EmploymentMean wages
Level (2)Location quotient (3)HourlyAnnual (4)

Production occupations

11,2301.5$20.27$42,170

First-line supervisors of production and operating workers

8101.430.8464,160

Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers

3701.615.7532,760

Structural metal fabricators and fitters

1002.022.4446,670

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators

1,5101.217.3636,100

Bakers

1701.015.0031,190

Butchers and meat cutters

900.816.4834,270

Food batchmakers

1300.916.3934,090

Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

1602.920.3742,360

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

703.120.8243,310

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

6304.018.0437,520

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

1802.819.0739,670

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

704.323.2848,420

Machinists

7502.822.4946,790

Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

5904.117.3436,070

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

3503.019.8141,200

Tool and die makers

1603.126.3654,830

Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers

3901.122.7747,360

Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders

501.922.5646,930

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

705.019.1339,790

Metal workers and plastic workers, all other

603.422.5346,850

Printing press operators

1100.921.4644,640

Print binding and finishing workers

300.918.4138,280

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers

2501.613.8628,840

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials

401.712.7626,540

Sewing machine operators

1701.716.4834,270

Upholsterers

703.124.7951,560

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters

(5)(5)20.2642,140

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood

1102.917.9437,320

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing

1603.018.4838,430

Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators

1101.123.6549,190

Chemical equipment operators and tenders

800.821.6244,970

Grinding and polishing workers, hand

504.017.3136,000

Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders

1601.722.1546,070

Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders

801.821.5444,810

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders

1302.520.6142,860

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

6101.220.9443,560

Dental laboratory technicians

401.518.9139,330

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

2700.817.4936,370

Painting, coating, and decorating workers

404.219.9641,520

Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders

2602.017.8837,200

Computer numerically controlled tool operators

3402.221.0343,730

Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders

404.416.6134,560

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic

501.520.7843,210

Helpers--production workers

1200.816.7534,840

Production workers, all other

400.219.5040,570

Footnotes:
(1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_43780.htm.
(2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
(4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(5) Estimate not released.

 

Last Modified Date: Thursday, July 27, 2023