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News Release Information

23-987-CHI
Thursday, June 22, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:
  • (312) 353-1138

Occupational Employment and Wages in Duluth — May 2022

Workers in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $26.45 in May 2022, 11 percent below the nationwide average of $29.76, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 14 of the 22 major occupational groups, including legal, management, and computer and mathematical. Five groups had significantly higher wages than their respective national averages, including construction and extraction; production; and installation, maintenance, and repair.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Duluth area employment was more highly concentrated in 10 of the 22 occupational groups, including healthcare practitioners and technical, healthcare support, and community and social service. Ten groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including business and financial operations, computer and mathematical, and transportation and material moving. (See table A.)

Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the Duluth metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2022
Major occupational groupPercent of total employmentMean hourly wage
United StatesDuluthUnited StatesDuluthPercent difference (1)

Total, all occupations

100.0100.0$29.76$26.45*-11

Management

6.75.4*63.0849.05*-22

Business and financial operations

6.54.5*41.3935.38*-15

Computer and mathematical

3.41.7*51.9940.04*-23

Architecture and engineering

1.71.8*45.5238.42*-16

Life, physical, and social science

0.91.1*40.2133.70*-16

Community and social service

1.63.1*26.8125.32*-6

Legal

0.80.4*59.8745.33*-24

Educational instruction and library

5.76.2*30.4126.90*-12

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

1.40.9*36.7825.81*-30

Healthcare practitioners and technical

6.18.4*46.5244.29*-5

Healthcare support

4.66.6*17.1016.99-1

Protective service

2.32.225.9725.960

Food preparation and serving related

8.59.9*15.4514.32*-7

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

2.92.917.2616.96*-2

Personal care and service

1.92.2*17.4117.04-2

Sales and related

8.98.4*24.2219.46*-20

Office and administrative support

12.611.7*21.9021.59*-1

Farming, fishing, and forestry

0.30.1*18.2119.23*6

Construction and extraction

4.15.3*28.0830.84*10

Installation, maintenance, and repair

3.94.7*26.7727.82*4

Production

5.94.9*21.8123.42*7

Transportation and material moving

9.27.6*21.1221.53*2

Footnotes:
(1) A positive percent difference measures how much the mean wage in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area is above the national mean wage, while a negative difference reflects a lower wage.
* The mean hourly wage or percent share of employment is significantly different from the national average of all areas at the 90-percent confidence level.

One occupational group—healthcare practitioners and technical—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Duluth had 10,250 jobs in healthcare practitioners and technical, accounting for 8.4 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 6.1-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $44.29, significantly below the national wage of $46.52.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the healthcare practitioners and technical group included registered nurses (4,130), licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (570), and pharmacy technicians (470). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were family medicine physicians and general internal medicine physicians, with mean hourly wages of $140.89 and $134.00, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were veterinary technologists and technicians ($17.82) and opticians, dispensing ($18.61). (Detailed data for the healthcare practitioners and technical occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_20260.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Duluth area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the healthcare practitioners and technical group. For instance, nurse anesthetists were employed at 3.7 times the national rate in Duluth, and psychiatric technicians, at 2.3 times the U.S. average. Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses had a location quotient of 1.1 in Duluth, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development.

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement.

The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. See North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS for details.


Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area included 1,758 establishments with a response rate of 70 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Carlton County, MN; St. Louis County, MN; and Douglas County, WI.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for healthcare practitioners and technical occupations, Duluth metropolitan area, May 2022
Occupation (1)EmploymentMean wages
Level (2)Location quotient (3)HourlyAnnual (4)

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

10,2501.4$44.29$92,130

Chiropractors

401.438.6080,280

Dentists, general

800.878.76163,810

Dietitians and nutritionists

601.129.6761,720

Pharmacists

4001.561.57128,070

Physician assistants

1601.456.53117,590

Occupational therapists

1901.736.0574,980

Physical therapists

2501.341.7086,730

Respiratory therapists

1000.934.3271,380

Speech-language pathologists

1401.136.9476,840

Therapists, all other

403.126.8755,890

Veterinarians

701.148.14100,140

Registered nurses

4,1301.636.0775,030

Nurse anesthetists

1403.7103.05214,350

Nurse practitioners

3101.569.73145,040

Family medicine physicians

1601.9140.89293,060

General internal medicine physicians

400.7134.00278,720

Physicians, all other

1400.6153.06318,370

Surgeons, all other

502.3196.59408,910

Dental hygienists

2001.137.1577,270

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians

3001.127.9858,200

Cardiovascular technologists and technicians

801.735.4873,800

Diagnostic medical sonographers

701.040.3383,890

Radiologic technologists and technicians

2401.333.4969,670

Magnetic resonance imaging technologists

401.337.9478,920

Emergency medical technicians

1901.419.2640,060

Paramedics

600.825.9553,970

Pharmacy technicians

4701.319.0739,660

Psychiatric technicians

1902.320.5142,670

Surgical technologists

1401.529.9762,330

Veterinary technologists and technicians

1501.517.8237,060

Ophthalmic medical technicians

300.626.9155,970

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

5701.124.4850,910

Medical records specialists

2601.724.6351,240

Opticians, dispensing

801.418.6138,700

Orthotists and prosthetists

404.923.0948,020

Health technologists and technicians, all other

1100.825.4052,830

Health information technologists and medical registrars

602.137.8578,730

Athletic trainers

401.8(5)53,750

Surgical assistants

302.330.4463,320

Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other

501.440.8084,870

Footnotes:
(1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_20260.htm.
(2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
(4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(5) Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.

 

Last Modified Date: Thursday, June 22, 2023