Workers in the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $21.70 in May 2020, about 20 percent below the nationwide average of $27.07, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Michael Hirniak noted that, after testing for statistical significance, 19 of the 22 major occupational groups had average wages in the local area that were significantly lower wages than their respective national averages, including arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media; computer and mathematical, and legal. No wages in the local area were statistically higher than their respective national averages.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Lawrence area employment was less concentrated in 9 of the 22 occupational groups, including transportation and material moving, healthcare practitioners and technical, and business and financial operations. Five groups had employment shares significantly above their national representation, including food preparation and serving related, educational instruction and library, and personal care and service. (See table A.)

One occupational group—food preparation and serving related—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Lawrence had 5,780 jobs in food preparation and serving related, accounting for 12.9 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 8.1-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $11.21, significantly below the national wage of $13.30.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the food preparation and serving related group included fast food and counter workers (1,930), waiters and waitresses (960), and first-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers (550). Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were first-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers and cooks, institution and cafeteria, with mean hourly wages of $15.81 and $13.85, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ($9.03) and hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ($9.27). (Detailed data for the food preparation and serving related occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_29940.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Lawrence area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the food preparation and serving related group. For instance, dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers were employed at 3.9 times the national rate in Lawrence, and first-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers, at 1.9 times the U.S. average. Restaurant cooks had a location quotient of 1.4 in Lawrence, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Kansas Department of Labor.

Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 180,000 to 185,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other electronic means, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2020 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2020, November 2019, May 2019, November 2018, May 2018, and November 2017. The unweighted sample employment of 83 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 56 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 69 percent based on establishments and 66 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area included 799 establishments with a response rate of 76 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Douglas County.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for food preparation and serving related occupations, Lawrence metropolitan area, May 2020

Occupation (1)	Employment		Mean wages
	Level (2)	Location quotient (3)	Hourly	Annual (4)
Food preparation and serving related occupations	5,780	1.6	$11.21	$23,320
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers	550	1.9	15.81	32,880
Cooks, fast food	250	1.4	10.74	22,350
Cooks, institution and cafeteria	190	1.5	13.85	28,820
Cooks, restaurant	480	1.4	12.71	26,440
Food preparation workers	170	0.7	11.02	22,910
Bartenders	240	1.5	11.82	24,580
Fast food and counter workers	1,930	1.7	10.37	21,580
Waiters and waitresses	960	1.5	10.40	21,620
Food servers, nonrestaurant	(5)	(5)	10.83	22,520
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	470	3.9	9.03	18,780
Dishwashers	130	1.1	10.17	21,150
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	200	1.9	9.27	19,280
Footnotes: (1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_29940.htm. (2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers. (3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average. (4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. (5) Estimate not released.