Workers in the Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $20.87 in May 2021, about 25 percent below the nationwide average of $28.01, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in all of the 22 major occupational groups.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, Bowling Green area employment was more highly concentrated in 6 of the 22 occupational groups, including production, transportation and material moving, and food preparation and serving related. Thirteen groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including business and financial operations, computer and mathematical, and management. (See table A.)

One occupational group—production—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Bowling Green had 9,440 jobs in production, accounting for 13.1 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 6.0-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $18.58, significantly below the national wage of $20.71.

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators was among the larger detailed occupations within the production group with 2,710 jobs. Among the higher-paying jobs in this group were first-line supervisors of production and operating workers and also tool and die makers, with mean hourly wages of $27.37 and $26.94, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were laundry and dry-cleaning workers ($11.06) and bakers ($12.19). (Detailed data for the production occupations are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_14540.htm.)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Bowling Green area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the production group. For instance, tool and die makers were employed at 4.2 times the national rate in Bowling Green, and packaging and filling machine operators and tenders, at 3.4 times the U.S. average. Machinists had a location quotient of 1.0 in Bowling Green, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Kentucky Center for Statistics (KYSTATS).

Technical Note

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2021 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, November 2019, May 2019, and November 2018. The unweighted sampled employment of 82 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 62 percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 67.2 percent based on establishments and 64.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The sample in the Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area included 994 establishments with a response rate of 68 percent. For more information about OEWS concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tec.htm.

A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Allen County, Butler County, Edmonson County, and Warren County.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed information about the OEWS program is available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_doc.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Employment and wage data for production occupations, Bowling Green metropolitan area, May 2021

Occupation (1)	Employment		Mean wages
	Level (2)	Location quotient (3)	Hourly	Annual (4)
Production occupations	9,440	2.2	$18.58	$38,650
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers	720	2.2	27.37	56,930
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers	(5)	(5)	15.27	31,750
Structural metal fabricators and fitters	40	1.3	23.89	49,690
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	2,710	4.0	18.29	38,050
Bakers	90	0.9	12.19	25,350
Butchers and meat cutters	60	0.7	14.23	29,590
Food batchmakers	310	3.9	(5)	(5)
Food processing workers, all other	60	2.4	17.80	37,020
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	(5)	(5)	18.09	37,620
Machinists	160	1.0	21.37	44,440
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	340	4.1	17.47	36,340
Tool and die makers	140	4.2	26.94	56,040
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers	250	1.2	19.08	39,690
Printing press operators	170	2.3	16.48	34,270
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	130	1.6	11.06	23,010
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	40	1.6	15.03	31,260
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	70	2.0	14.41	29,980
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators	70	1.2	18.60	38,680
Chemical equipment operators and tenders	180	3.4	20.36	42,360
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders	100	1.8	18.55	38,590
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders	80	2.8	24.03	49,980
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	680	2.4	17.55	36,500
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	620	3.4	18.02	37,470
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders	120	1.6	15.87	33,010
Computer numerically controlled tool operators	120	1.5	18.94	39,390
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders	60	8.9	19.13	39,790
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	100	2.2	23.02	47,890
Helpers--production workers	250	2.4	14.77	30,720
Production workers, all other	240	2.3	15.35	31,920
Footnotes: (1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_14540.htm. (2) Estimates for detailed occupations may not sum to the totals due to rounding, and because the totals may include occupations that are not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers. (3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average. (4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round, full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. (5)Estimate not released.