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Handbook of Methods Producer Price Indexes More info

Producer Price Indexes: More info

Further information about the Producer Price Index (PPI) program is available at the PPI webpage.

For more information about the PPI, see the list of answers to common questions.

PPI data are available through the PPI database.

Industry-specific methodologies that differ from standard PPI methodology can be viewed on the PPI factsheet page.

A catalogue of PPI-related articles published in the Monthly Labor Review can be found in the publication archives.

Technical references

Adams, Brian and Klayman, Alexander, "Cross-validation of quality-adjustment methods for price indexes," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 2018, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2018.18

Archibald, Robert B., "On the Theory of Industrial Price Measurement: Output Price Indexes," Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Winter 1977, pp. 57–72.

Buszuwski, J.A. and Scott, S., "On the Use of Intervention Analysis in Seasonal Adjustment," Proceedings of the Business and Economics Section, American Statistical Association, 1988, pp. 337–342.

Buszuwski, J.A., “Alternative ARIMA forecasting horizons when seasonally adjusting producer price index data with X-11 ARIMA in concurrent mode” ASA Proceedings of the Business and Economic Statistics Section, 1987, pp. 488–493.

Collia, Demetra, “Measuring sample variability in the producer price index,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1988, pp. 710–715.

Council on Wage and Price Stability, The Wholesale Price Index, June 1977.

Early, John F., "Improving the Measurement of Producer Price Change," Monthly Labor Review, April 1978, pp. 7–15.

Gerduk, Irwin, “Quality assurance elements in Producer Price Index data initiation,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1984, pp. 151–156.

Hellerstein, Judith, “The effects of sample size on variances of the Producer Price Index,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1989, pp. 170–175.

Hill, Kimberley Dailey, “Survey Design in the Producer Price Index,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1987 pp. 583–588.

Hoarty, Blake; Muri, Steven M.; Pallotta, Dnaiel J.; Rogers, Marie; Weinhagen, Jonathan C.; and Wilson, Jeffrey S., "PPI and CPI seasonal adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2022, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2022.13.

Hoglund, Lori; Pollock, Jayson; and Weinhagen, Jonathan C., "New PPI net inputs to industry indexes," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, October 2015, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2015/article/new-ppi-net-inputs-to-industry-indexes.htm.

Kulpinski, Stanley; Cohen, Stuart J.; Perez-Lopez, Kathleen; “Survey methods and theory of the Producer Price Index revision,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1978, pp. 517–520.

Popkin, Joel, "Integration of a System of Price and Quantity Statistics with Data on Related Variables," Review of Income and Wealth, March 1978, pp. 25–40.

Sager, Scott D., "Effect of 1992 Weights on Producer Price Indexes," Monthly Labor Review, July 1996, pp. 12–23, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1996/07/art2full.pdf.

Sawyer, Steven D. and O’Bryan Claire, “Exploring Quality Adjustment in PPI Cloud Computing,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 2023, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2023/article/exploring-quality-adjustment-in-ppi-cloud-computing.htm.

Sawyer, Steven, and So, Alvin, “A New Approach for Quality-Adjusting PPI Microprocessors,” Monthly Labor Review, December 2018, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2018/article/a-new-approach-for-quality-adjusting-ppi-microprocessors.htm.

Sinclair, James and Catron, Brian, "An Experimental Price Index for the Computer Industry," Monthly Labor Review, October 1990, pp. 16–24, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1990/10/art2full.pdf.

Spease, Carol, “Comparison of variance estimators for Producer Price Index data,” ASA Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1989, pp. 176–181.

Swick, Roslyn; Bathgate, Deanna; Horrigan, Michael; “Services Producer Price Indices: Past, Present, and Future,” Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, July 2006, https://conference.nber.org/confer/2006/si2006/prcr/swick.pdf.

Tibbetts, Thomas R., "An Industrial Price Measurement Structure: The Universe Matrix of Producers and Products," 1978 Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods. American Statistical Association, Washington, DC, 1979, pp. 511–516.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties, https://www.bls.gov/ppi/publications/price-adjustment-guide-for-contracting-parties.htm.

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Supplement to Producer Price Indexes,Data for 1990. August 1991.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, The Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview of CPI, PPI, and IPP Methodology, October 2011, https://www.bls.gov/ppi/methodology-reports/the-pharmaceutical-industry-an-overview-of-cpi-ppi-and-ipp-methodology.pdf.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index Program, Effect of 2007 Weights on Producer Price Index Commodity Data, January 2012, https://www.bls.gov/ppi/methodology-reports/effect-of-2007-weights-on-producer-price-index-commodity-data.pdf.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index Program, Hedonic Models in the Producer Price Index (PPI), June 2011, https://www.bls.gov/ppi/quality-adjustment/hedonic-models-in-the-producer-price-index.htm.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index Program, Quality Adjustment in the Producer Price Index, February 2013, https://www.bls.gov/ppi/quality-adjustment/.

Weinhagen, Jonathan C. and Camp, Kevin M., "Comparing NAICS-based Producer Price Index industry net output data and International Price Program import data," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2018, www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2018/article/comparing-naics-based-producer-price-index-industry-net-output-data-and-international-price-program-import-data.htm.

Weinhagen, Jonathan C. and Murphy, Bonnie H., “New wherever-provided services and construction indexes for PPI,” Monthly Labor Review, August 2009, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2009/08/art2full.pdf.

Weinhagen, Jonathan C., “A new, experimental system of indexes from the PPI program,” Monthly Labor Review, February 2011, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2011/02/art1full.pdf.

Weinhagen, Jonathan C., "Comparing new final-demand producer price indexes with other government price indexes," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2014, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2014/article/comparing-new-final-demand-producer-price-indexes-with-other-government-price-indexes.htm.

Weinhagen, Jonathan C., "Measuring the substitution effect in Producer Price Index goods data: 2002–16," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2020.16.

Last Modified Date: July 31, 2025