
An official website of the United States government
Crossref 0
Household job insecurity, food insufficiency, and children’s mental health needs: Household Pulse Survey in June 2023, Discover Public Health, 2024.
Total nonfarm employment in the United States continued to recover in 2021, with some industries fully recovering and subsequently expanding amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The leisure and hospitality industry and the professional and business services industry led the widespread employment gains over the year.
According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, total nonfarm payroll employment in the United States continued to recover in 2021, moving further away from the widespread job losses caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. (See chart 1.) Employment rose by 6.7 million in 2021, the largest calendar-year gain in the history of the CES employment series (see chart 2) and the strongest relative gain (+4.7 percent) since 1978.
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 130,841 |
Feb 2011 | 131,053 |
Mar 2011 | 131,288 |
Apr 2011 | 131,602 |
May 2011 | 131,703 |
Jun 2011 | 131,939 |
Jul 2011 | 131,999 |
Aug 2011 | 132,125 |
Sep 2011 | 132,358 |
Oct 2011 | 132,562 |
Nov 2011 | 132,694 |
Dec 2011 | 132,896 |
Jan 2012 | 133,250 |
Feb 2012 | 133,512 |
Mar 2012 | 133,752 |
Apr 2012 | 133,834 |
May 2012 | 133,934 |
Jun 2012 | 134,007 |
Jul 2012 | 134,159 |
Aug 2012 | 134,331 |
Sep 2012 | 134,518 |
Oct 2012 | 134,677 |
Nov 2012 | 134,833 |
Dec 2012 | 135,072 |
Jan 2013 | 135,263 |
Feb 2013 | 135,541 |
Mar 2013 | 135,680 |
Apr 2013 | 135,871 |
May 2013 | 136,093 |
Jun 2013 | 136,274 |
Jul 2013 | 136,386 |
Aug 2013 | 136,628 |
Sep 2013 | 136,815 |
Oct 2013 | 137,040 |
Nov 2013 | 137,304 |
Dec 2013 | 137,373 |
Jan 2014 | 137,548 |
Feb 2014 | 137,714 |
Mar 2014 | 137,968 |
Apr 2014 | 138,293 |
May 2014 | 138,511 |
Jun 2014 | 138,837 |
Jul 2014 | 139,069 |
Aug 2014 | 139,257 |
Sep 2014 | 139,566 |
Oct 2014 | 139,818 |
Nov 2014 | 140,109 |
Dec 2014 | 140,377 |
Jan 2015 | 140,568 |
Feb 2015 | 140,839 |
Mar 2015 | 140,910 |
Apr 2015 | 141,194 |
May 2015 | 141,525 |
Jun 2015 | 141,699 |
Jul 2015 | 142,001 |
Aug 2015 | 142,126 |
Sep 2015 | 142,281 |
Oct 2015 | 142,587 |
Nov 2015 | 142,824 |
Dec 2015 | 143,097 |
Jan 2016 | 143,205 |
Feb 2016 | 143,417 |
Mar 2016 | 143,654 |
Apr 2016 | 143,851 |
May 2016 | 143,892 |
Jun 2016 | 144,150 |
Jul 2016 | 144,521 |
Aug 2016 | 144,664 |
Sep 2016 | 144,953 |
Oct 2016 | 145,071 |
Nov 2016 | 145,201 |
Dec 2016 | 145,415 |
Jan 2017 | 145,628 |
Feb 2017 | 145,818 |
Mar 2017 | 145,960 |
Apr 2017 | 146,165 |
May 2017 | 146,388 |
Jun 2017 | 146,585 |
Jul 2017 | 146,768 |
Aug 2017 | 146,913 |
Sep 2017 | 147,012 |
Oct 2017 | 147,153 |
Nov 2017 | 147,353 |
Dec 2017 | 147,529 |
Jan 2018 | 147,662 |
Feb 2018 | 148,064 |
Mar 2018 | 148,289 |
Apr 2018 | 148,468 |
May 2018 | 148,801 |
Jun 2018 | 148,984 |
Jul 2018 | 149,050 |
Aug 2018 | 149,269 |
Sep 2018 | 149,326 |
Oct 2018 | 149,471 |
Nov 2018 | 149,573 |
Dec 2018 | 149,821 |
Jan 2019 | 150,100 |
Feb 2019 | 150,124 |
Mar 2019 | 150,348 |
Apr 2019 | 150,636 |
May 2019 | 150,713 |
Jun 2019 | 150,843 |
Jul 2019 | 150,921 |
Aug 2019 | 151,081 |
Sep 2019 | 151,244 |
Oct 2019 | 151,337 |
Nov 2019 | 151,589 |
Dec 2019 | 151,789 |
Jan 2020 | 152,128 |
Feb 2020 | 152,504 |
Mar 2020 | 151,006 |
Apr 2020 | 130,513 |
May 2020 | 133,155 |
Jun 2020 | 137,660 |
Jul 2020 | 139,048 |
Aug 2020 | 140,713 |
Sep 2020 | 141,632 |
Oct 2020 | 142,279 |
Nov 2020 | 142,612 |
Dec 2020 | 142,497 |
Jan 2021 | 143,017 |
Feb 2021 | 143,727 |
Mar 2021 | 144,431 |
Apr 2021 | 144,694 |
May 2021 | 145,141 |
Jun 2021 | 145,698 |
Jul 2021 | 146,387 |
Aug 2021 | 146,904 |
Sep 2021 | 147,328 |
Oct 2021 | 148,005 |
Nov 2021 | 148,652 |
Dec 2021 | 149,240 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Date | Employment change |
---|---|
Dec 1940 | 2,632 |
Dec 1941 | 3,930 |
Dec 1942 | 3,811 |
Dec 1943 | 831 |
Dec 1944 | -886 |
Dec 1945 | -2,750 |
Dec 1946 | 4,269 |
Dec 1947 | 1,202 |
Dec 1948 | 451 |
Dec 1949 | -1,510 |
Dec 1950 | 3,339 |
Dec 1951 | 1,453 |
Dec 1952 | 1,852 |
Dec 1953 | -463 |
Dec 1954 | -372 |
Dec 1955 | 2,474 |
Dec 1956 | 1,124 |
Dec 1957 | -545 |
Dec 1958 | -299 |
Dec 1959 | 2,089 |
Dec 1960 | -432 |
Dec 1961 | 1,130 |
Dec 1962 | 1,156 |
Dec 1963 | 1,333 |
Dec 1964 | 2,060 |
Dec 1965 | 2,901 |
Dec 1966 | 2,877 |
Dec 1967 | 1,701 |
Dec 1968 | 2,348 |
Dec 1969 | 1,993 |
Dec 1970 | -449 |
Dec 1971 | 1,317 |
Dec 1972 | 3,159 |
Dec 1973 | 2,763 |
Dec 1974 | -379 |
Dec 1975 | 365 |
Dec 1976 | 2,431 |
Dec 1977 | 3,962 |
Dec 1978 | 4,261 |
Dec 1979 | 2,001 |
Dec 1980 | 271 |
Dec 1981 | -48 |
Dec 1982 | -2,124 |
Dec 1983 | 3,459 |
Dec 1984 | 3,877 |
Dec 1985 | 2,502 |
Dec 1986 | 1,900 |
Dec 1987 | 3,152 |
Dec 1988 | 3,237 |
Dec 1989 | 1,938 |
Dec 1990 | 330 |
Dec 1991 | -838 |
Dec 1992 | 1,167 |
Dec 1993 | 2,819 |
Dec 1994 | 3,851 |
Dec 1995 | 2,155 |
Dec 1996 | 2,823 |
Dec 1997 | 3,406 |
Dec 1998 | 3,047 |
Dec 1999 | 3,176 |
Dec 2000 | 1,937 |
Dec 2001 | -1,727 |
Dec 2002 | -510 |
Dec 2003 | 116 |
Dec 2004 | 2,036 |
Dec 2005 | 2,525 |
Dec 2006 | 2,100 |
Dec 2007 | 1,143 |
Dec 2008 | -3,553 |
Dec 2009 | -5,051 |
Dec 2010 | 1,034 |
Dec 2011 | 2,074 |
Dec 2012 | 2,176 |
Dec 2013 | 2,301 |
Dec 2014 | 3,004 |
Dec 2015 | 2,720 |
Dec 2016 | 2,318 |
Dec 2017 | 2,114 |
Dec 2018 | 2,292 |
Dec 2019 | 1,968 |
Dec 2020 | -9,292 |
Dec 2021 | 6,743 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Nearly all major industries experienced employment gains in 2021. (See chart 3.) Leisure and hospitality led these gains, adding 2.4 million jobs over the year, followed by professional and business services, which added 1.1 million jobs. Employment in transportation and warehousing continued to expand in 2021, after fully recovering in November 2020. Both financial activities and retail trade added jobs in 2021, essentially reaching their prepandemic (February 2020) employment levels.[1] (See chart 4.)
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Mining | 38 |
Construction | 189 |
Manufacturing | 365 |
Wholesale trade | 152 |
Retail trade | 425 |
Transportation and warehousing | 432 |
Utilities | -3 |
Information | 194 |
Financial activities | 142 |
Professional and business services | 1,132 |
Educational services | 331 |
Healthcare | 103 |
Social assistance | 156 |
Leisure and hospitality | 2,356 |
Other services | 285 |
Government | 450 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Mining | -93 |
Construction | -78 |
Manufacturing | -230 |
Wholesale trade | -143 |
Retail trade | -2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 485 |
Utilities | -9 |
Information | 10 |
Financial activities | -7 |
Professional and business services | 428 |
Educational services | -93 |
Healthcare | -387 |
Social assistance | -178 |
Leisure and hospitality | -1878 |
Other services | -347 |
Government | -738 |
Note: From February 2020 to December 2021, total nonfarm and total private employment declined by 3.3 million and 2.5 million, respectively. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
After declining considerably in early 2020, employment in most industry sectors started to recover later that year and continued to increase in 2021. Three sectors—professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, and information—reached their prepandemic employment levels and then exceeded them in 2021.
Employment in professional and business services grew by 1.1 million in 2021, exceeding its prepandemic level by 428,000 jobs. (See chart 5.) The expansion in this sector was concentrated in professional and technical services, in which employment had recovered in March 2021; over the year, this industry added 632,000 jobs. (See chart 6.) The 2021 job gains in professional and technical services were spread across component industries and driven by management and technical consulting services (+147,000) and computer systems design and related services (+146,000).
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 17,091 |
Feb 2011 | 17,170 |
Mar 2011 | 17,235 |
Apr 2011 | 17,297 |
May 2011 | 17,348 |
Jun 2011 | 17,363 |
Jul 2011 | 17,371 |
Aug 2011 | 17,446 |
Sep 2011 | 17,510 |
Oct 2011 | 17,556 |
Nov 2011 | 17,591 |
Dec 2011 | 17,658 |
Jan 2012 | 17,745 |
Feb 2012 | 17,816 |
Mar 2012 | 17,848 |
Apr 2012 | 17,897 |
May 2012 | 17,922 |
Jun 2012 | 17,977 |
Jul 2012 | 18,020 |
Aug 2012 | 18,052 |
Sep 2012 | 18,066 |
Oct 2012 | 18,139 |
Nov 2012 | 18,193 |
Dec 2012 | 18,230 |
Jan 2013 | 18,273 |
Feb 2013 | 18,367 |
Mar 2013 | 18,421 |
Apr 2013 | 18,483 |
May 2013 | 18,537 |
Jun 2013 | 18,582 |
Jul 2013 | 18,629 |
Aug 2013 | 18,655 |
Sep 2013 | 18,683 |
Oct 2013 | 18,732 |
Nov 2013 | 18,801 |
Dec 2013 | 18,790 |
Jan 2014 | 18,837 |
Feb 2014 | 18,899 |
Mar 2014 | 18,944 |
Apr 2014 | 19,002 |
May 2014 | 19,044 |
Jun 2014 | 19,105 |
Jul 2014 | 19,142 |
Aug 2014 | 19,201 |
Sep 2014 | 19,257 |
Oct 2014 | 19,285 |
Nov 2014 | 19,339 |
Dec 2014 | 19,418 |
Jan 2015 | 19,442 |
Feb 2015 | 19,487 |
Mar 2015 | 19,513 |
Apr 2015 | 19,557 |
May 2015 | 19,638 |
Jun 2015 | 19,689 |
Jul 2015 | 19,726 |
Aug 2015 | 19,755 |
Sep 2015 | 19,778 |
Oct 2015 | 19,851 |
Nov 2015 | 19,885 |
Dec 2015 | 19,955 |
Jan 2016 | 19,965 |
Feb 2016 | 19,977 |
Mar 2016 | 19,999 |
Apr 2016 | 20,031 |
May 2016 | 20,035 |
Jun 2016 | 20,080 |
Jul 2016 | 20,126 |
Aug 2016 | 20,127 |
Sep 2016 | 20,194 |
Oct 2016 | 20,217 |
Nov 2016 | 20,255 |
Dec 2016 | 20,287 |
Jan 2017 | 20,328 |
Feb 2017 | 20,346 |
Mar 2017 | 20,375 |
Apr 2017 | 20,407 |
May 2017 | 20,469 |
Jun 2017 | 20,504 |
Jul 2017 | 20,545 |
Aug 2017 | 20,584 |
Sep 2017 | 20,579 |
Oct 2017 | 20,619 |
Nov 2017 | 20,635 |
Dec 2017 | 20,673 |
Jan 2018 | 20,721 |
Feb 2018 | 20,771 |
Mar 2018 | 20,819 |
Apr 2018 | 20,869 |
May 2018 | 20,924 |
Jun 2018 | 20,963 |
Jul 2018 | 20,980 |
Aug 2018 | 21,016 |
Sep 2018 | 21,047 |
Oct 2018 | 21,073 |
Nov 2018 | 21,089 |
Dec 2018 | 21,118 |
Jan 2019 | 21,098 |
Feb 2019 | 21,140 |
Mar 2019 | 21,168 |
Apr 2019 | 21,215 |
May 2019 | 21,247 |
Jun 2019 | 21,294 |
Jul 2019 | 21,318 |
Aug 2019 | 21,337 |
Sep 2019 | 21,350 |
Oct 2019 | 21,360 |
Nov 2019 | 21,393 |
Dec 2019 | 21,396 |
Jan 2020 | 21,371 |
Feb 2020 | 21,393 |
Mar 2020 | 21,308 |
Apr 2020 | 19,091 |
May 2020 | 19,294 |
Jun 2020 | 19,651 |
Jul 2020 | 19,836 |
Aug 2020 | 20,026 |
Sep 2020 | 20,154 |
Oct 2020 | 20,374 |
Nov 2020 | 20,525 |
Dec 2020 | 20,689 |
Jan 2021 | 20,800 |
Feb 2021 | 20,902 |
Mar 2021 | 21,021 |
Apr 2021 | 20,943 |
May 2021 | 21,023 |
Jun 2021 | 21,084 |
Jul 2021 | 21,226 |
Aug 2021 | 21,309 |
Sep 2021 | 21,383 |
Oct 2021 | 21,619 |
Nov 2021 | 21,730 |
Dec 2021 | 21,821 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Professional and technical services | 632 |
Legal services | 40 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services | 69 |
Architectural and engineering services | 84 |
Specialized design services | 14 |
Computer systems design and related services | 146 |
Management and technical consulting services | 147 |
Scientific research and development services | 63 |
Advertising and related services | 22 |
Other professional and technical services | 47 |
Management of companies and enterprises | 5 |
Administrative and waste services | 495 |
Office administrative services | 43 |
Employment services | 392 |
Temporary help services | 303 |
Business support services | -17 |
Services to buildings and dwellings | 38 |
Waste management and remediation services | 13 |
Note: The waste management and remediation services industry includes additional component industries that are not shown separately. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
The administrative and waste services industry—another component industry of professional and business
Transportation and warehousing added 432,000 jobs in 2021. (See chart 7.) Employment in this sector grew strongly before and after the 2020 recession and, after recovering in 2020, continued to expand in 2021, ending the year 485,000 above its prepandemic level. These gains were consistent with a 2021 increase (+7.7 percent) in the Cass Freight Index, which measures shipment volumes in the United States.[3]
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 4,217.3 |
Feb 2011 | 4,248.2 |
Mar 2011 | 4,258.7 |
Apr 2011 | 4,277.4 |
May 2011 | 4,285.6 |
Jun 2011 | 4,301.5 |
Jul 2011 | 4,303.8 |
Aug 2011 | 4,310.6 |
Sep 2011 | 4,315.9 |
Oct 2011 | 4,324.1 |
Nov 2011 | 4,328.2 |
Dec 2011 | 4,328.3 |
Jan 2012 | 4,346.3 |
Feb 2012 | 4,372.2 |
Mar 2012 | 4,377.0 |
Apr 2012 | 4,364.9 |
May 2012 | 4,397.5 |
Jun 2012 | 4,397.7 |
Jul 2012 | 4,409.9 |
Aug 2012 | 4,422.2 |
Sep 2012 | 4,426.1 |
Oct 2012 | 4,436.6 |
Nov 2012 | 4,428.1 |
Dec 2012 | 4,463.7 |
Jan 2013 | 4,465.0 |
Feb 2013 | 4,463.3 |
Mar 2013 | 4,456.9 |
Apr 2013 | 4,471.4 |
May 2013 | 4,467.5 |
Jun 2013 | 4,471.8 |
Jul 2013 | 4,463.9 |
Aug 2013 | 4,479.8 |
Sep 2013 | 4,506.2 |
Oct 2013 | 4,512.2 |
Nov 2013 | 4,529.8 |
Dec 2013 | 4,541.2 |
Jan 2014 | 4,561.9 |
Feb 2014 | 4,556.8 |
Mar 2014 | 4,572.6 |
Apr 2014 | 4,586.5 |
May 2014 | 4,614.8 |
Jun 2014 | 4,634.0 |
Jul 2014 | 4,661.5 |
Aug 2014 | 4,676.2 |
Sep 2014 | 4,690.1 |
Oct 2014 | 4,710.0 |
Nov 2014 | 4,732.6 |
Dec 2014 | 4,760.5 |
Jan 2015 | 4,769.8 |
Feb 2015 | 4,786.0 |
Mar 2015 | 4,799.0 |
Apr 2015 | 4,805.9 |
May 2015 | 4,828.1 |
Jun 2015 | 4,855.2 |
Jul 2015 | 4,878.6 |
Aug 2015 | 4,889.4 |
Sep 2015 | 4,898.4 |
Oct 2015 | 4,898.8 |
Nov 2015 | 4,914.7 |
Dec 2015 | 4,946.0 |
Jan 2016 | 4,914.5 |
Feb 2016 | 4,930.3 |
Mar 2016 | 4,948.9 |
Apr 2016 | 4,964.8 |
May 2016 | 4,979.9 |
Jun 2016 | 4,984.1 |
Jul 2016 | 5,009.2 |
Aug 2016 | 5,035.8 |
Sep 2016 | 5,030.8 |
Oct 2016 | 5,047.4 |
Nov 2016 | 5,064.8 |
Dec 2016 | 5,096.9 |
Jan 2017 | 5,081.9 |
Feb 2017 | 5,098.9 |
Mar 2017 | 5,112.9 |
Apr 2017 | 5,131.5 |
May 2017 | 5,161.6 |
Jun 2017 | 5,176.8 |
Jul 2017 | 5,186.3 |
Aug 2017 | 5,198.8 |
Sep 2017 | 5,229.8 |
Oct 2017 | 5,247.3 |
Nov 2017 | 5,257.7 |
Dec 2017 | 5,281.9 |
Jan 2018 | 5,287.6 |
Feb 2018 | 5,316.5 |
Mar 2018 | 5,345.1 |
Apr 2018 | 5,371.7 |
May 2018 | 5,405.2 |
Jun 2018 | 5,429.6 |
Jul 2018 | 5,442.2 |
Aug 2018 | 5,474.1 |
Sep 2018 | 5,497.2 |
Oct 2018 | 5,521.6 |
Nov 2018 | 5,541.1 |
Dec 2018 | 5,524.5 |
Jan 2019 | 5,584.4 |
Feb 2019 | 5,571.8 |
Mar 2019 | 5,577.1 |
Apr 2019 | 5,619.6 |
May 2019 | 5,648.0 |
Jun 2019 | 5,686.1 |
Jul 2019 | 5,701.7 |
Aug 2019 | 5,703.0 |
Sep 2019 | 5,718.7 |
Oct 2019 | 5,720.8 |
Nov 2019 | 5,734.1 |
Dec 2019 | 5,747.2 |
Jan 2020 | 5,802.9 |
Feb 2020 | 5,794.8 |
Mar 2020 | 5,786.9 |
Apr 2020 | 5,289.2 |
May 2020 | 5,318.4 |
Jun 2020 | 5,448.8 |
Jul 2020 | 5,510.1 |
Aug 2020 | 5,598.7 |
Sep 2020 | 5,666.4 |
Oct 2020 | 5,745.5 |
Nov 2020 | 5,827.2 |
Dec 2020 | 5,848.1 |
Jan 2021 | 5,881.1 |
Feb 2021 | 5,945.7 |
Mar 2021 | 5,995.8 |
Apr 2021 | 5,997.8 |
May 2021 | 6,026.6 |
Jun 2021 | 6,061.5 |
Jul 2021 | 6,101.4 |
Aug 2021 | 6,133.3 |
Sep 2021 | 6,169.7 |
Oct 2021 | 6,220.2 |
Nov 2021 | 6,257.4 |
Dec 2021 | 6,279.7 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Within transportation and warehousing, job gains in 2021 continued in warehousing and storage (+152,000) and couriers and messengers (+33,000). (See chart 8.) These gains coincided with a consumer behavioral shift toward online shopping and delivery services.[4] Over the year, job growth also continued in air transportation (+93,000), truck transportation (+54,000), support activities for transportation (+58,000), and transit and ground passenger transportation (+36,000). Employment in air transportation experienced the largest percent increase (+21.9 percent) in the history of the series (since 1990), and employment in truck transportation experienced its largest percent increase (+3.7 percent) since 2011.
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Air transportation | 93 |
Rail transportation | -2 |
Water transportation | 1 |
Truck transportation | 54 |
Transit and ground passenger transportation | 36 |
Pipeline transportation | 1 |
Scenic and sightseeing transportation | 6 |
Support activities for transportation | 58 |
Couriers and messengers | 33 |
Warehousing and storage | 152 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Employment in the information sector increased by 194,000 in 2021, slightly exceeding (by 10,000 jobs) its February 2020 level. This increase was driven by gains in motion picture and sound recording industries (+129,000), with growth also occurring in other information services (+30,000) and publishing industries, except internet (+28,000).
Retail trade added 425,000 jobs in 2021, reaching its prepandemic employment level. (See chart 9.) This growth was concentrated in general merchandise stores (+115,000), clothing and clothing accessories stores (+102,000), health and personal care stores (+90,000), miscellaneous store retailers (+65,000), and nonstore retailers (+36,000). (See chart 10.) In contrast, after adding jobs for most of 2020 and reaching an employment peak in December of that year, building materials and garden supply stores shed 50,000 jobs in 2021. Employment in electronics and appliance stores changed little (+2,000) over the year.
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 14,537.1 |
Feb 2011 | 14,558.2 |
Mar 2011 | 14,589.2 |
Apr 2011 | 14,646.2 |
May 2011 | 14,645.8 |
Jun 2011 | 14,681.7 |
Jul 2011 | 14,725.4 |
Aug 2011 | 14,719.4 |
Sep 2011 | 14,743.8 |
Oct 2011 | 14,749.5 |
Nov 2011 | 14,754.8 |
Dec 2011 | 14,747.0 |
Jan 2012 | 14,817.1 |
Feb 2012 | 14,795.3 |
Mar 2012 | 14,826.1 |
Apr 2012 | 14,837.7 |
May 2012 | 14,834.4 |
Jun 2012 | 14,817.5 |
Jul 2012 | 14,812.4 |
Aug 2012 | 14,817.4 |
Sep 2012 | 14,853.7 |
Oct 2012 | 14,869.0 |
Nov 2012 | 14,944.7 |
Dec 2012 | 14,913.8 |
Jan 2013 | 14,936.3 |
Feb 2013 | 14,951.4 |
Mar 2013 | 14,949.1 |
Apr 2013 | 14,968.2 |
May 2013 | 15,002.0 |
Jun 2013 | 15,048.5 |
Jul 2013 | 15,089.7 |
Aug 2013 | 15,129.5 |
Sep 2013 | 15,162.7 |
Oct 2013 | 15,196.3 |
Nov 2013 | 15,212.3 |
Dec 2013 | 15,287.7 |
Jan 2014 | 15,262.9 |
Feb 2014 | 15,243.7 |
Mar 2014 | 15,248.1 |
Apr 2014 | 15,303.0 |
May 2014 | 15,322.9 |
Jun 2014 | 15,351.8 |
Jul 2014 | 15,374.9 |
Aug 2014 | 15,386.2 |
Sep 2014 | 15,418.9 |
Oct 2014 | 15,469.7 |
Nov 2014 | 15,502.9 |
Dec 2014 | 15,510.5 |
Jan 2015 | 15,520.2 |
Feb 2015 | 15,535.1 |
Mar 2015 | 15,547.7 |
Apr 2015 | 15,566.9 |
May 2015 | 15,595.9 |
Jun 2015 | 15,618.7 |
Jul 2015 | 15,639.0 |
Aug 2015 | 15,637.7 |
Sep 2015 | 15,642.9 |
Oct 2015 | 15,675.4 |
Nov 2015 | 15,695.0 |
Dec 2015 | 15,699.0 |
Jan 2016 | 15,723.6 |
Feb 2016 | 15,772.1 |
Mar 2016 | 15,811.2 |
Apr 2016 | 15,811.8 |
May 2016 | 15,817.8 |
Jun 2016 | 15,846.8 |
Jul 2016 | 15,865.9 |
Aug 2016 | 15,877.3 |
Sep 2016 | 15,883.3 |
Oct 2016 | 15,890.7 |
Nov 2016 | 15,857.2 |
Dec 2016 | 15,882.7 |
Jan 2017 | 15,917.8 |
Feb 2017 | 15,882.2 |
Mar 2017 | 15,864.7 |
Apr 2017 | 15,848.3 |
May 2017 | 15,835.4 |
Jun 2017 | 15,834.7 |
Jul 2017 | 15,821.5 |
Aug 2017 | 15,827.1 |
Sep 2017 | 15,821.4 |
Oct 2017 | 15,816.8 |
Nov 2017 | 15,823.6 |
Dec 2017 | 15,810.1 |
Jan 2018 | 15,781.4 |
Feb 2018 | 15,820.1 |
Mar 2018 | 15,836.1 |
Apr 2018 | 15,834.8 |
May 2018 | 15,843.6 |
Jun 2018 | 15,798.0 |
Jul 2018 | 15,781.6 |
Aug 2018 | 15,783.9 |
Sep 2018 | 15,738.7 |
Oct 2018 | 15,705.5 |
Nov 2018 | 15,724.2 |
Dec 2018 | 15,704.1 |
Jan 2019 | 15,683.5 |
Feb 2019 | 15,661.8 |
Mar 2019 | 15,648.6 |
Apr 2019 | 15,645.3 |
May 2019 | 15,619.9 |
Jun 2019 | 15,585.3 |
Jul 2019 | 15,589.5 |
Aug 2019 | 15,588.4 |
Sep 2019 | 15,582.1 |
Oct 2019 | 15,591.7 |
Nov 2019 | 15,560.4 |
Dec 2019 | 15,608.6 |
Jan 2020 | 15,594.1 |
Feb 2020 | 15,597.5 |
Mar 2020 | 15,511.0 |
Apr 2020 | 13,352.5 |
May 2020 | 13,689.1 |
Jun 2020 | 14,496.8 |
Jul 2020 | 14,744.5 |
Aug 2020 | 15,044.5 |
Sep 2020 | 15,054.7 |
Oct 2020 | 15,113.6 |
Nov 2020 | 15,111.5 |
Dec 2020 | 15,170.1 |
Jan 2021 | 15,243.5 |
Feb 2021 | 15,292.6 |
Mar 2021 | 15,328.6 |
Apr 2021 | 15,338.8 |
May 2021 | 15,313.6 |
Jun 2021 | 15,381.9 |
Jul 2021 | 15,398.1 |
Aug 2021 | 15,434.7 |
Sep 2021 | 15,493.6 |
Oct 2021 | 15,537.0 |
Nov 2021 | 15,556.9 |
Dec 2021 | 15,595.1 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Motor vehicle and parts dealers | 23 |
Furniture and home furnishings stores | 14 |
Electronics and appliance stores | 2 |
Building material and garden supply stores | -50 |
Food and beverage stores | -25 |
Health and personal care stores | 90 |
Gasoline stations | 22 |
Clothing and clothing accessories stores | 102 |
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores | 31 |
General merchandise stores | 115 |
Miscellaneous store retailers | 65 |
Nonstore retailers | 36 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Consistent with the strength in retail trade employment, retail sales continued to expand in 2021.[5] Likewise, the Consumer Confidence Index increased by 20.9 points over the year.[6] However, despite these increases in retail sales and consumer confidence, high lumber prices, low inventories, and rising inflation in 2021 signaled potential employment weakness in some retail industries, especially building materials and garden supply stores.[7]
Employment in financial activities grew by 142,000 in 2021, ending the year just 7,000 below its prepandemic level. (See chart 11.) This growth was concentrated in real estate (+71,000); securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts (+41,000); and rental and leasing (+36,000). (See chart 12.) On the other hand, employment in credit intermediation changed little over the year (+8,000). Within this component industry, nondepository credit intermediation and activities related to credit intermediation added jobs (+22,000 and +12,000, respectively), whereas commercial banking shed 33,000 jobs. The employment decline in commercial banking likely reflects the impact of growth in digital banking and the continuing effects of pandemic-related closures of bank branches.[8]
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 7,680 |
Feb 2011 | 7,676 |
Mar 2011 | 7,681 |
Apr 2011 | 7,679 |
May 2011 | 7,702 |
Jun 2011 | 7,692 |
Jul 2011 | 7,694 |
Aug 2011 | 7,700 |
Sep 2011 | 7,694 |
Oct 2011 | 7,707 |
Nov 2011 | 7,721 |
Dec 2011 | 7,729 |
Jan 2012 | 7,735 |
Feb 2012 | 7,743 |
Mar 2012 | 7,768 |
Apr 2012 | 7,771 |
May 2012 | 7,783 |
Jun 2012 | 7,783 |
Jul 2012 | 7,779 |
Aug 2012 | 7,788 |
Sep 2012 | 7,800 |
Oct 2012 | 7,809 |
Nov 2012 | 7,815 |
Dec 2012 | 7,827 |
Jan 2013 | 7,836 |
Feb 2013 | 7,850 |
Mar 2013 | 7,857 |
Apr 2013 | 7,872 |
May 2013 | 7,883 |
Jun 2013 | 7,888 |
Jul 2013 | 7,904 |
Aug 2013 | 7,903 |
Sep 2013 | 7,904 |
Oct 2013 | 7,910 |
Nov 2013 | 7,910 |
Dec 2013 | 7,914 |
Jan 2014 | 7,913 |
Feb 2014 | 7,930 |
Mar 2014 | 7,932 |
Apr 2014 | 7,944 |
May 2014 | 7,951 |
Jun 2014 | 7,968 |
Jul 2014 | 7,980 |
Aug 2014 | 7,995 |
Sep 2014 | 8,008 |
Oct 2014 | 8,016 |
Nov 2014 | 8,034 |
Dec 2014 | 8,041 |
Jan 2015 | 8,059 |
Feb 2015 | 8,072 |
Mar 2015 | 8,081 |
Apr 2015 | 8,088 |
May 2015 | 8,095 |
Jun 2015 | 8,117 |
Jul 2015 | 8,137 |
Aug 2015 | 8,143 |
Sep 2015 | 8,153 |
Oct 2015 | 8,168 |
Nov 2015 | 8,180 |
Dec 2015 | 8,188 |
Jan 2016 | 8,208 |
Feb 2016 | 8,211 |
Mar 2016 | 8,227 |
Apr 2016 | 8,252 |
May 2016 | 8,264 |
Jun 2016 | 8,280 |
Jul 2016 | 8,302 |
Aug 2016 | 8,317 |
Sep 2016 | 8,324 |
Oct 2016 | 8,331 |
Nov 2016 | 8,342 |
Dec 2016 | 8,368 |
Jan 2017 | 8,397 |
Feb 2017 | 8,397 |
Mar 2017 | 8,409 |
Apr 2017 | 8,425 |
May 2017 | 8,435 |
Jun 2017 | 8,450 |
Jul 2017 | 8,463 |
Aug 2017 | 8,472 |
Sep 2017 | 8,481 |
Oct 2017 | 8,479 |
Nov 2017 | 8,489 |
Dec 2017 | 8,496 |
Jan 2018 | 8,501 |
Feb 2018 | 8,528 |
Mar 2018 | 8,537 |
Apr 2018 | 8,546 |
May 2018 | 8,572 |
Jun 2018 | 8,591 |
Jul 2018 | 8,600 |
Aug 2018 | 8,612 |
Sep 2018 | 8,631 |
Oct 2018 | 8,640 |
Nov 2018 | 8,650 |
Dec 2018 | 8,660 |
Jan 2019 | 8,672 |
Feb 2019 | 8,684 |
Mar 2019 | 8,704 |
Apr 2019 | 8,724 |
May 2019 | 8,738 |
Jun 2019 | 8,749 |
Jul 2019 | 8,771 |
Aug 2019 | 8,786 |
Sep 2019 | 8,785 |
Oct 2019 | 8,797 |
Nov 2019 | 8,814 |
Dec 2019 | 8,821 |
Jan 2020 | 8,837 |
Feb 2020 | 8,870 |
Mar 2020 | 8,851 |
Apr 2020 | 8,590 |
May 2020 | 8,607 |
Jun 2020 | 8,623 |
Jul 2020 | 8,623 |
Aug 2020 | 8,647 |
Sep 2020 | 8,675 |
Oct 2020 | 8,696 |
Nov 2020 | 8,709 |
Dec 2020 | 8,721 |
Jan 2021 | 8,732 |
Feb 2021 | 8,724 |
Mar 2021 | 8,733 |
Apr 2021 | 8,747 |
May 2021 | 8,747 |
Jun 2021 | 8,745 |
Jul 2021 | 8,772 |
Aug 2021 | 8,781 |
Sep 2021 | 8,794 |
Oct 2021 | 8,817 |
Nov 2021 | 8,849 |
Dec 2021 | 8,863 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Credit intermediation and related activities | 8 |
Depository credit intermediation | -27 |
Commercial banking | -33 |
Nondepository credit intermediation | 22 |
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts | 41 |
Insurance carriers and related activities | -13 |
Real estate | 71 |
Rental and leasing | 36 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Job growth in real estate and in nondepository credit intermediation was consistent with economic indicators for these industries in 2021. Although the federal funds rate remained low over the year, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate edged up by 0.44 percentage point; however, at 3.12 percent in December, the mortgage rate was still low by historical standards.[9]
Although supply shortages and business restrictions eased in 2021, some industries continued to suffer the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This section discusses the sectors that experienced job growth over the year but did not reach their prepandemic employment levels.
Leisure and hospitality added 2.4 million jobs in 2021 and, by December, had recovered 6.3 million of the 8.2 million jobs lost in March and April 2020. (See chart 13.) Within this sector, food services and drinking places experienced the largest employment gain in 2021, adding 1.6 million jobs over the year, an increase that helped the industry recover 4.9 million of the 6.0 million jobs lost in March and April 2020. (See chart 14.)
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 13,149 |
Feb 2011 | 13,188 |
Mar 2011 | 13,247 |
Apr 2011 | 13,298 |
May 2011 | 13,293 |
Jun 2011 | 13,343 |
Jul 2011 | 13,370 |
Aug 2011 | 13,395 |
Sep 2011 | 13,426 |
Oct 2011 | 13,464 |
Nov 2011 | 13,511 |
Dec 2011 | 13,538 |
Jan 2012 | 13,600 |
Feb 2012 | 13,641 |
Mar 2012 | 13,706 |
Apr 2012 | 13,709 |
May 2012 | 13,705 |
Jun 2012 | 13,702 |
Jul 2012 | 13,735 |
Aug 2012 | 13,804 |
Sep 2012 | 13,872 |
Oct 2012 | 13,883 |
Nov 2012 | 13,910 |
Dec 2012 | 13,978 |
Jan 2013 | 14,037 |
Feb 2013 | 14,082 |
Mar 2013 | 14,113 |
Apr 2013 | 14,152 |
May 2013 | 14,193 |
Jun 2013 | 14,252 |
Jul 2013 | 14,288 |
Aug 2013 | 14,327 |
Sep 2013 | 14,339 |
Oct 2013 | 14,395 |
Nov 2013 | 14,432 |
Dec 2013 | 14,454 |
Jan 2014 | 14,489 |
Feb 2014 | 14,509 |
Mar 2014 | 14,564 |
Apr 2014 | 14,614 |
May 2014 | 14,670 |
Jun 2014 | 14,693 |
Jul 2014 | 14,703 |
Aug 2014 | 14,725 |
Sep 2014 | 14,768 |
Oct 2014 | 14,811 |
Nov 2014 | 14,849 |
Dec 2014 | 14,892 |
Jan 2015 | 14,915 |
Feb 2015 | 14,972 |
Mar 2015 | 14,981 |
Apr 2015 | 15,023 |
May 2015 | 15,103 |
Jun 2015 | 15,108 |
Jul 2015 | 15,168 |
Aug 2015 | 15,201 |
Sep 2015 | 15,279 |
Oct 2015 | 15,316 |
Nov 2015 | 15,374 |
Dec 2015 | 15,406 |
Jan 2016 | 15,454 |
Feb 2016 | 15,494 |
Mar 2016 | 15,535 |
Apr 2016 | 15,562 |
May 2016 | 15,583 |
Jun 2016 | 15,639 |
Jul 2016 | 15,679 |
Aug 2016 | 15,725 |
Sep 2016 | 15,785 |
Oct 2016 | 15,780 |
Nov 2016 | 15,826 |
Dec 2016 | 15,845 |
Jan 2017 | 15,874 |
Feb 2017 | 15,917 |
Mar 2017 | 15,941 |
Apr 2017 | 16,006 |
May 2017 | 16,046 |
Jun 2017 | 16,087 |
Jul 2017 | 16,122 |
Aug 2017 | 16,150 |
Sep 2017 | 16,140 |
Oct 2017 | 16,133 |
Nov 2017 | 16,160 |
Dec 2017 | 16,183 |
Jan 2018 | 16,200 |
Feb 2018 | 16,234 |
Mar 2018 | 16,248 |
Apr 2018 | 16,251 |
May 2018 | 16,293 |
Jun 2018 | 16,329 |
Jul 2018 | 16,335 |
Aug 2018 | 16,337 |
Sep 2018 | 16,296 |
Oct 2018 | 16,316 |
Nov 2018 | 16,336 |
Dec 2018 | 16,398 |
Jan 2019 | 16,511 |
Feb 2019 | 16,507 |
Mar 2019 | 16,546 |
Apr 2019 | 16,565 |
May 2019 | 16,553 |
Jun 2019 | 16,529 |
Jul 2019 | 16,519 |
Aug 2019 | 16,558 |
Sep 2019 | 16,591 |
Oct 2019 | 16,647 |
Nov 2019 | 16,699 |
Dec 2019 | 16,771 |
Jan 2020 | 16,881 |
Feb 2020 | 16,983 |
Mar 2020 | 16,245 |
Apr 2020 | 8,780 |
May 2020 | 10,011 |
Jun 2020 | 11,791 |
Jul 2020 | 12,232 |
Aug 2020 | 12,513 |
Sep 2020 | 12,946 |
Oct 2020 | 13,179 |
Nov 2020 | 13,209 |
Dec 2020 | 12,749 |
Jan 2021 | 12,877 |
Feb 2021 | 13,270 |
Mar 2021 | 13,423 |
Apr 2021 | 13,631 |
May 2021 | 13,830 |
Jun 2021 | 14,054 |
Jul 2021 | 14,251 |
Aug 2021 | 14,453 |
Sep 2021 | 14,587 |
Oct 2021 | 14,728 |
Nov 2021 | 14,919 |
Dec 2021 | 15,105 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 483 |
Accommodation | 308 |
Food services and drinking places | 1,566 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Employment in food services and drinking places trended up at a steady pace in 2021, adding an average of 130,000 jobs per month. Monthly sales in this industry rose during the first half of the year, but they tapered off and changed little during the second half.[10] (See chart 15.) Sales data suggest that the industry’s weak employment recovery was likely due to surges in cases of the COVID-19 Delta and Omicron variants in 2021, which threatened the reopening and capacity expansion of dine-in restaurants. In addition, over the year, inflation rose to 7.1 percent (as measured by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers),[11] and this increase may also have affected consumption and contributed to some employment weakness. Another factor likely adding to employment weakness was a 9.8-percent over-the-year increase in the average Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private sector workers in accommodation and food services.[12] According to data from the CES survey, average hourly earnings of all employees in food services and drinking places rose sharply in 2021 (+14.9 percent), and this increase resulted in higher labor costs for employers.
Date | Employment (thousands) | Sales (millions of dollars) |
---|---|---|
Jan 2011 | 9,482.1 | 39,700 |
Feb 2011 | 9,509.7 | 40,382 |
Mar 2011 | 9,550.8 | 40,575 |
Apr 2011 | 9,583.6 | 40,624 |
May 2011 | 9,599.5 | 41,050 |
Jun 2011 | 9,618.8 | 41,540 |
Jul 2011 | 9,626.9 | 41,516 |
Aug 2011 | 9,653.2 | 41,718 |
Sep 2011 | 9,690.6 | 42,013 |
Oct 2011 | 9,720.7 | 42,162 |
Nov 2011 | 9,767.5 | 42,237 |
Dec 2011 | 9,791.2 | 41,864 |
Jan 2012 | 9,834.0 | 42,858 |
Feb 2012 | 9,865.0 | 42,950 |
Mar 2012 | 9,915.5 | 42,942 |
Apr 2012 | 9,924.1 | 43,365 |
May 2012 | 9,926.8 | 43,313 |
Jun 2012 | 9,926.7 | 43,542 |
Jul 2012 | 9,952.7 | 43,676 |
Aug 2012 | 10,002.7 | 43,712 |
Sep 2012 | 10,062.6 | 44,085 |
Oct 2012 | 10,070.1 | 43,708 |
Nov 2012 | 10,085.5 | 44,520 |
Dec 2012 | 10,143.7 | 44,538 |
Jan 2013 | 10,184.5 | 45,146 |
Feb 2013 | 10,219.7 | 44,868 |
Mar 2013 | 10,237.7 | 45,011 |
Apr 2013 | 10,275.7 | 44,723 |
May 2013 | 10,316.6 | 44,816 |
Jun 2013 | 10,352.4 | 44,701 |
Jul 2013 | 10,400.5 | 45,050 |
Aug 2013 | 10,429.1 | 45,155 |
Sep 2013 | 10,443.1 | 45,344 |
Oct 2013 | 10,468.1 | 45,936 |
Nov 2013 | 10,498.6 | 46,744 |
Dec 2013 | 10,507.6 | 46,330 |
Jan 2014 | 10,532.0 | 45,914 |
Feb 2014 | 10,543.7 | 46,424 |
Mar 2014 | 10,600.5 | 47,057 |
Apr 2014 | 10,638.2 | 47,137 |
May 2014 | 10,671.3 | 47,540 |
Jun 2014 | 10,697.5 | 47,710 |
Jul 2014 | 10,709.4 | 48,083 |
Aug 2014 | 10,732.0 | 48,375 |
Sep 2014 | 10,761.7 | 48,982 |
Oct 2014 | 10,788.6 | 49,658 |
Nov 2014 | 10,819.8 | 49,731 |
Dec 2014 | 10,854.8 | 50,508 |
Jan 2015 | 10,874.1 | 50,834 |
Feb 2015 | 10,924.4 | 50,690 |
Mar 2015 | 10,930.1 | 51,067 |
Apr 2015 | 10,965.5 | 51,739 |
May 2015 | 10,999.8 | 51,811 |
Jun 2015 | 11,037.7 | 51,879 |
Jul 2015 | 11,084.5 | 52,157 |
Aug 2015 | 11,110.8 | 52,416 |
Sep 2015 | 11,156.6 | 52,387 |
Oct 2015 | 11,201.1 | 52,759 |
Nov 2015 | 11,237.4 | 52,881 |
Dec 2015 | 11,271.3 | 53,740 |
Jan 2016 | 11,318.6 | 53,045 |
Feb 2016 | 11,337.1 | 54,237 |
Mar 2016 | 11,364.1 | 53,919 |
Apr 2016 | 11,379.8 | 54,240 |
May 2016 | 11,404.4 | 54,300 |
Jun 2016 | 11,430.1 | 54,296 |
Jul 2016 | 11,442.2 | 54,330 |
Aug 2016 | 11,479.8 | 54,803 |
Sep 2016 | 11,544.1 | 55,366 |
Oct 2016 | 11,539.8 | 55,375 |
Nov 2016 | 11,554.8 | 56,346 |
Dec 2016 | 11,577.3 | 55,451 |
Jan 2017 | 11,600.3 | 57,403 |
Feb 2017 | 11,630.0 | 57,492 |
Mar 2017 | 11,656.4 | 57,379 |
Apr 2017 | 11,685.2 | 57,474 |
May 2017 | 11,706.0 | 57,470 |
Jun 2017 | 11,725.1 | 57,263 |
Jul 2017 | 11,762.6 | 57,215 |
Aug 2017 | 11,780.3 | 57,524 |
Sep 2017 | 11,784.9 | 57,884 |
Oct 2017 | 11,769.6 | 58,126 |
Nov 2017 | 11,794.4 | 58,849 |
Dec 2017 | 11,816.4 | 59,119 |
Jan 2018 | 11,828.1 | 59,344 |
Feb 2018 | 11,856.2 | 59,653 |
Mar 2018 | 11,856.9 | 60,141 |
Apr 2018 | 11,863.4 | 59,415 |
May 2018 | 11,874.0 | 60,723 |
Jun 2018 | 11,893.3 | 61,440 |
Jul 2018 | 11,899.9 | 62,259 |
Aug 2018 | 11,896.2 | 62,635 |
Sep 2018 | 11,865.9 | 61,377 |
Oct 2018 | 11,872.0 | 61,972 |
Nov 2018 | 11,904.7 | 61,731 |
Dec 2018 | 11,963.0 | 61,790 |
Jan 2019 | 12,028.8 | 61,973 |
Feb 2019 | 12,015.1 | 62,631 |
Mar 2019 | 12,032.2 | 63,153 |
Apr 2019 | 12,064.0 | 63,617 |
May 2019 | 12,035.7 | 64,318 |
Jun 2019 | 12,012.9 | 64,984 |
Jul 2019 | 12,010.8 | 65,435 |
Aug 2019 | 12,048.3 | 65,333 |
Sep 2019 | 12,075.8 | 65,756 |
Oct 2019 | 12,116.6 | 65,628 |
Nov 2019 | 12,158.8 | 65,147 |
Dec 2019 | 12,205.4 | 65,807 |
Jan 2020 | 12,270.4 | 66,344 |
Feb 2020 | 12,360.6 | 66,200 |
Mar 2020 | 11,753.8 | 46,126 |
Apr 2020 | 6,364.6 | 29,927 |
May 2020 | 7,736.7 | 39,664 |
Jun 2020 | 9,120.3 | 50,464 |
Jul 2020 | 9,477.0 | 52,214 |
Aug 2020 | 9,720.3 | 54,558 |
Sep 2020 | 9,931.0 | 55,800 |
Oct 2020 | 10,096.5 | 55,992 |
Nov 2020 | 10,078.7 | 53,478 |
Dec 2020 | 9,722.4 | 51,088 |
Jan 2021 | 9,810.1 | 56,973 |
Feb 2021 | 10,135.7 | 55,573 |
Mar 2021 | 10,219.0 | 63,248 |
Apr 2021 | 10,349.2 | 66,482 |
May 2021 | 10,481.9 | 69,338 |
Jun 2021 | 10,634.7 | 71,017 |
Jul 2021 | 10,751.1 | 72,059 |
Aug 2021 | 10,886.2 | 72,090 |
Sep 2021 | 10,955.2 | 72,766 |
Oct 2021 | 11,037.8 | 72,714 |
Nov 2021 | 11,164.2 | 73,076 |
Dec 2021 | 11,288.2 | 72,830 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau. |
Employment in arts, entertainment, and recreation increased by 483,000 in 2021. Similarly, employment in accommodation increased by 307,000 over the year.
The government sector added 450,000 jobs in 2021 and, by December, had recovered 725,000 of the 1.5 million jobs lost between February and June 2020. Within this sector, state government education added 216,000 jobs in 2021, with employment in the industry ending the year just 10,000 below its February 2020 peak. (See chart 16.) Local government education added 279,000 jobs in 2021, but that industry’s employment level in December was still 387,000 below its prepandemic peak. In 2021, employment declined in federal government (except U.S. Postal Service) (−17,000) and in state government (excluding education) (−59,000).
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service | -17 |
U.S. Postal Service | -1 |
State government education | 216 |
State government, excluding education | -59 |
Local government education | 279 |
Local government, excluding education | 30 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Like public education, private educational services experienced employment gains in 2021, adding 331,000 jobs over the year, but the industry’s employment level in December was still 93,000 below its February 2020 peak. (See chart 17.)
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 3,219.6 |
Feb 2011 | 3,220.5 |
Mar 2011 | 3,211.8 |
Apr 2011 | 3,237.9 |
May 2011 | 3,227.9 |
Jun 2011 | 3,240.6 |
Jul 2011 | 3,244.0 |
Aug 2011 | 3,252.1 |
Sep 2011 | 3,264.7 |
Oct 2011 | 3,278.7 |
Nov 2011 | 3,299.8 |
Dec 2011 | 3,313.5 |
Jan 2012 | 3,312.2 |
Feb 2012 | 3,342.1 |
Mar 2012 | 3,346.0 |
Apr 2012 | 3,344.3 |
May 2012 | 3,353.7 |
Jun 2012 | 3,339.4 |
Jul 2012 | 3,347.8 |
Aug 2012 | 3,348.6 |
Sep 2012 | 3,353.4 |
Oct 2012 | 3,342.5 |
Nov 2012 | 3,334.3 |
Dec 2012 | 3,336.4 |
Jan 2013 | 3,338.6 |
Feb 2013 | 3,318.3 |
Mar 2013 | 3,338.5 |
Apr 2013 | 3,343.8 |
May 2013 | 3,360.7 |
Jun 2013 | 3,343.2 |
Jul 2013 | 3,365.7 |
Aug 2013 | 3,376.6 |
Sep 2013 | 3,353.3 |
Oct 2013 | 3,369.3 |
Nov 2013 | 3,377.9 |
Dec 2013 | 3,372.1 |
Jan 2014 | 3,392.5 |
Feb 2014 | 3,387.5 |
Mar 2014 | 3,395.8 |
Apr 2014 | 3,407.0 |
May 2014 | 3,403.3 |
Jun 2014 | 3,423.1 |
Jul 2014 | 3,422.5 |
Aug 2014 | 3,418.7 |
Sep 2014 | 3,436.2 |
Oct 2014 | 3,429.9 |
Nov 2014 | 3,430.3 |
Dec 2014 | 3,435.0 |
Jan 2015 | 3,439.1 |
Feb 2015 | 3,448.4 |
Mar 2015 | 3,454.1 |
Apr 2015 | 3,453.3 |
May 2015 | 3,453.6 |
Jun 2015 | 3,460.0 |
Jul 2015 | 3,470.8 |
Aug 2015 | 3,474.2 |
Sep 2015 | 3,464.4 |
Oct 2015 | 3,490.3 |
Nov 2015 | 3,502.0 |
Dec 2015 | 3,526.3 |
Jan 2016 | 3,497.7 |
Feb 2016 | 3,519.5 |
Mar 2016 | 3,535.8 |
Apr 2016 | 3,552.2 |
May 2016 | 3,566.2 |
Jun 2016 | 3,569.2 |
Jul 2016 | 3,565.9 |
Aug 2016 | 3,572.4 |
Sep 2016 | 3,589.8 |
Oct 2016 | 3,614.3 |
Nov 2016 | 3,616.4 |
Dec 2016 | 3,622.9 |
Jan 2017 | 3,616.0 |
Feb 2017 | 3,646.9 |
Mar 2017 | 3,658.2 |
Apr 2017 | 3,658.7 |
May 2017 | 3,674.6 |
Jun 2017 | 3,641.5 |
Jul 2017 | 3,661.0 |
Aug 2017 | 3,664.8 |
Sep 2017 | 3,687.0 |
Oct 2017 | 3,686.9 |
Nov 2017 | 3,696.3 |
Dec 2017 | 3,699.8 |
Jan 2018 | 3,705.9 |
Feb 2018 | 3,712.2 |
Mar 2018 | 3,709.3 |
Apr 2018 | 3,707.3 |
May 2018 | 3,715.0 |
Jun 2018 | 3,718.9 |
Jul 2018 | 3,722.2 |
Aug 2018 | 3,731.6 |
Sep 2018 | 3,716.0 |
Oct 2018 | 3,714.3 |
Nov 2018 | 3,704.9 |
Dec 2018 | 3,725.7 |
Jan 2019 | 3,734.6 |
Feb 2019 | 3,731.4 |
Mar 2019 | 3,725.5 |
Apr 2019 | 3,738.1 |
May 2019 | 3,732.8 |
Jun 2019 | 3,736.1 |
Jul 2019 | 3,741.0 |
Aug 2019 | 3,738.6 |
Sep 2019 | 3,749.0 |
Oct 2019 | 3,742.6 |
Nov 2019 | 3,757.4 |
Dec 2019 | 3,766.9 |
Jan 2020 | 3,797.5 |
Feb 2020 | 3,802.6 |
Mar 2020 | 3,698.5 |
Apr 2020 | 3,278.7 |
May 2020 | 3,294.4 |
Jun 2020 | 3,367.8 |
Jul 2020 | 3,371.9 |
Aug 2020 | 3,432.5 |
Sep 2020 | 3,423.6 |
Oct 2020 | 3,427.7 |
Nov 2020 | 3,440.4 |
Dec 2020 | 3,378.7 |
Jan 2021 | 3,468.9 |
Feb 2021 | 3,488.1 |
Mar 2021 | 3,513.4 |
Apr 2021 | 3,528.3 |
May 2021 | 3,550.6 |
Jun 2021 | 3,572.3 |
Jul 2021 | 3,597.9 |
Aug 2021 | 3,613.2 |
Sep 2021 | 3,620.9 |
Oct 2021 | 3,651.8 |
Nov 2021 | 3,683.6 |
Dec 2021 | 3,709.2 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Employment in manufacturing grew by 365,000 in 2021, advancing in both durable goods manufacturing (+236,000) and nondurable goods manufacturing (+129,000). With these gains, the sector was able to recover 1.1 million of the 1.4 million jobs lost in early 2020. (See chart 18.)
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 11,621 |
Feb 2011 | 11,654 |
Mar 2011 | 11,675 |
Apr 2011 | 11,704 |
May 2011 | 11,713 |
Jun 2011 | 11,727 |
Jul 2011 | 11,746 |
Aug 2011 | 11,764 |
Sep 2011 | 11,769 |
Oct 2011 | 11,780 |
Nov 2011 | 11,770 |
Dec 2011 | 11,802 |
Jan 2012 | 11,838 |
Feb 2012 | 11,860 |
Mar 2012 | 11,898 |
Apr 2012 | 11,916 |
May 2012 | 11,927 |
Jun 2012 | 11,936 |
Jul 2012 | 11,964 |
Aug 2012 | 11,960 |
Sep 2012 | 11,954 |
Oct 2012 | 11,961 |
Nov 2012 | 11,950 |
Dec 2012 | 11,960 |
Jan 2013 | 11,983 |
Feb 2013 | 11,996 |
Mar 2013 | 11,999 |
Apr 2013 | 12,000 |
May 2013 | 12,000 |
Jun 2013 | 12,004 |
Jul 2013 | 11,984 |
Aug 2013 | 12,014 |
Sep 2013 | 12,032 |
Oct 2013 | 12,056 |
Nov 2013 | 12,079 |
Dec 2013 | 12,083 |
Jan 2014 | 12,081 |
Feb 2014 | 12,106 |
Mar 2014 | 12,120 |
Apr 2014 | 12,134 |
May 2014 | 12,146 |
Jun 2014 | 12,170 |
Jul 2014 | 12,189 |
Aug 2014 | 12,208 |
Sep 2014 | 12,226 |
Oct 2014 | 12,259 |
Nov 2014 | 12,284 |
Dec 2014 | 12,292 |
Jan 2015 | 12,292 |
Feb 2015 | 12,301 |
Mar 2015 | 12,312 |
Apr 2015 | 12,318 |
May 2015 | 12,333 |
Jun 2015 | 12,334 |
Jul 2015 | 12,349 |
Aug 2015 | 12,345 |
Sep 2015 | 12,354 |
Oct 2015 | 12,362 |
Nov 2015 | 12,357 |
Dec 2015 | 12,362 |
Jan 2016 | 12,383 |
Feb 2016 | 12,365 |
Mar 2016 | 12,342 |
Apr 2016 | 12,353 |
May 2016 | 12,332 |
Jun 2016 | 12,350 |
Jul 2016 | 12,372 |
Aug 2016 | 12,348 |
Sep 2016 | 12,347 |
Oct 2016 | 12,345 |
Nov 2016 | 12,342 |
Dec 2016 | 12,355 |
Jan 2017 | 12,366 |
Feb 2017 | 12,380 |
Mar 2017 | 12,393 |
Apr 2017 | 12,400 |
May 2017 | 12,409 |
Jun 2017 | 12,422 |
Jul 2017 | 12,423 |
Aug 2017 | 12,467 |
Sep 2017 | 12,477 |
Oct 2017 | 12,490 |
Nov 2017 | 12,505 |
Dec 2017 | 12,533 |
Jan 2018 | 12,556 |
Feb 2018 | 12,582 |
Mar 2018 | 12,608 |
Apr 2018 | 12,632 |
May 2018 | 12,661 |
Jun 2018 | 12,693 |
Jul 2018 | 12,714 |
Aug 2018 | 12,724 |
Sep 2018 | 12,743 |
Oct 2018 | 12,762 |
Nov 2018 | 12,774 |
Dec 2018 | 12,793 |
Jan 2019 | 12,822 |
Feb 2019 | 12,821 |
Mar 2019 | 12,819 |
Apr 2019 | 12,824 |
May 2019 | 12,821 |
Jun 2019 | 12,829 |
Jul 2019 | 12,832 |
Aug 2019 | 12,827 |
Sep 2019 | 12,820 |
Oct 2019 | 12,764 |
Nov 2019 | 12,812 |
Dec 2019 | 12,795 |
Jan 2020 | 12,784 |
Feb 2020 | 12,785 |
Mar 2020 | 12,717 |
Apr 2020 | 11,423 |
May 2020 | 11,656 |
Jun 2020 | 11,990 |
Jul 2020 | 12,025 |
Aug 2020 | 12,050 |
Sep 2020 | 12,095 |
Oct 2020 | 12,122 |
Nov 2020 | 12,157 |
Dec 2020 | 12,190 |
Jan 2021 | 12,184 |
Feb 2021 | 12,222 |
Mar 2021 | 12,268 |
Apr 2021 | 12,240 |
May 2021 | 12,268 |
Jun 2021 | 12,288 |
Jul 2021 | 12,350 |
Aug 2021 | 12,391 |
Sep 2021 | 12,413 |
Oct 2021 | 12,466 |
Nov 2021 | 12,514 |
Dec 2021 | 12,555 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Driving the employment gains in durable goods manufacturing were transportation equipment (+50,000), fabricated metal products (+46,000), miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing (+32,000), and machinery (+28,000). Within transportation equipment, most of the employment gains were driven by motor vehicles and parts, which added 38,000 jobs over the year. (See chart 19.) Despite this increase, the global semiconductor shortage that began in early 2021 hampered automobile production and was further exacerbated by the automobile sector’s competition with the personal electronics sector, whose demand soared since March 2020 and into 2021.[13]
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 700.9 |
Feb 2011 | 708.9 |
Mar 2011 | 708.3 |
Apr 2011 | 714.6 |
May 2011 | 710.7 |
Jun 2011 | 711.6 |
Jul 2011 | 714.6 |
Aug 2011 | 716.7 |
Sep 2011 | 723.3 |
Oct 2011 | 731.6 |
Nov 2011 | 733.0 |
Dec 2011 | 740.1 |
Jan 2012 | 748.2 |
Feb 2012 | 753.7 |
Mar 2012 | 765.6 |
Apr 2012 | 770.2 |
May 2012 | 774.4 |
Jun 2012 | 779.2 |
Jul 2012 | 792.5 |
Aug 2012 | 787.2 |
Sep 2012 | 786.8 |
Oct 2012 | 781.6 |
Nov 2012 | 792.5 |
Dec 2012 | 796.1 |
Jan 2013 | 800.0 |
Feb 2013 | 806.1 |
Mar 2013 | 811.7 |
Apr 2013 | 813.2 |
May 2013 | 818.2 |
Jun 2013 | 825.7 |
Jul 2013 | 813.4 |
Aug 2013 | 831.7 |
Sep 2013 | 836.6 |
Oct 2013 | 841.9 |
Nov 2013 | 847.9 |
Dec 2013 | 852.4 |
Jan 2014 | 842.5 |
Feb 2014 | 858.8 |
Mar 2014 | 860.6 |
Apr 2014 | 857.4 |
May 2014 | 864.5 |
Jun 2014 | 873.9 |
Jul 2014 | 883.0 |
Aug 2014 | 878.8 |
Sep 2014 | 879.5 |
Oct 2014 | 882.1 |
Nov 2014 | 889.8 |
Dec 2014 | 893.2 |
Jan 2015 | 892.3 |
Feb 2015 | 895.6 |
Mar 2015 | 899.4 |
Apr 2015 | 901.1 |
May 2015 | 912.3 |
Jun 2015 | 911.4 |
Jul 2015 | 919.2 |
Aug 2015 | 922.3 |
Sep 2015 | 928.1 |
Oct 2015 | 928.8 |
Nov 2015 | 926.8 |
Dec 2015 | 925.9 |
Jan 2016 | 930.9 |
Feb 2016 | 933.2 |
Mar 2016 | 933.1 |
Apr 2016 | 942.9 |
May 2016 | 940.3 |
Jun 2016 | 941.9 |
Jul 2016 | 960.4 |
Aug 2016 | 949.1 |
Sep 2016 | 947.1 |
Oct 2016 | 949.0 |
Nov 2016 | 950.2 |
Dec 2016 | 952.8 |
Jan 2017 | 957.1 |
Feb 2017 | 950.9 |
Mar 2017 | 956.0 |
Apr 2017 | 958.0 |
May 2017 | 962.7 |
Jun 2017 | 962.8 |
Jul 2017 | 942.7 |
Aug 2017 | 966.5 |
Sep 2017 | 971.4 |
Oct 2017 | 973.5 |
Nov 2017 | 977.9 |
Dec 2017 | 981.1 |
Jan 2018 | 986.0 |
Feb 2018 | 991.6 |
Mar 2018 | 997.7 |
Apr 2018 | 998.0 |
May 2018 | 991.8 |
Jun 2018 | 996.8 |
Jul 2018 | 993.7 |
Aug 2018 | 993.7 |
Sep 2018 | 1,001.6 |
Oct 2018 | 1,012.3 |
Nov 2018 | 1,009.0 |
Dec 2018 | 1,009.8 |
Jan 2019 | 1,013.8 |
Feb 2019 | 1,013.5 |
Mar 2019 | 1,008.0 |
Apr 2019 | 1,003.4 |
May 2019 | 1,002.3 |
Jun 2019 | 998.2 |
Jul 2019 | 990.0 |
Aug 2019 | 984.4 |
Sep 2019 | 988.7 |
Oct 2019 | 948.3 |
Nov 2019 | 985.8 |
Dec 2019 | 985.1 |
Jan 2020 | 980.4 |
Feb 2020 | 988.3 |
Mar 2020 | 980.5 |
Apr 2020 | 631.4 |
May 2020 | 672.7 |
Jun 2020 | 862.6 |
Jul 2020 | 905.9 |
Aug 2020 | 901.9 |
Sep 2020 | 918.0 |
Oct 2020 | 923.3 |
Nov 2020 | 938.4 |
Dec 2020 | 946.3 |
Jan 2021 | 951.0 |
Feb 2021 | 954.7 |
Mar 2021 | 962.9 |
Apr 2021 | 913.8 |
May 2021 | 933.4 |
Jun 2021 | 928.5 |
Jul 2021 | 946.2 |
Aug 2021 | 961.0 |
Sep 2021 | 964.2 |
Oct 2021 | 998.4 |
Nov 2021 | 983.4 |
Dec 2021 | 984.6 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
The employment strength in durable goods manufacturing was consistent with 2021 increases in new orders for manufactured durable goods.[14] In December 2021, the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) of the Institute for Supply Management reached 58.7 percent, after expanding for 19 consecutive months since April 2020.[15] A PMI greater than 50 percent indicates expansion in manufacturing activity.
Employment gains in nondurable goods manufacturing were concentrated in miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing (+40,000), chemicals (+26,000), and plastics and rubber products (+20,000).
Employment in wholesale trade grew by 152,000 in 2021, contributing to the recovery of 262,000 of the 405,000 jobs lost in March and April 2020.
Other services added 285,000 jobs in 2021 and, by December, had recovered 1.1 million of the 1.4 million jobs lost in 2020. (See chart 20.) Personal and laundry services drove most of the sector’s job growth in 2021, adding 144,000 jobs. Repair and maintenance also showed employment strength, adding 93,000 jobs over the year, followed by membership associations and organizations, which added 48,000 jobs.
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 5,327 |
Feb 2011 | 5,337 |
Mar 2011 | 5,333 |
Apr 2011 | 5,342 |
May 2011 | 5,346 |
Jun 2011 | 5,352 |
Jul 2011 | 5,359 |
Aug 2011 | 5,376 |
Sep 2011 | 5,381 |
Oct 2011 | 5,382 |
Nov 2011 | 5,390 |
Dec 2011 | 5,403 |
Jan 2012 | 5,414 |
Feb 2012 | 5,415 |
Mar 2012 | 5,422 |
Apr 2012 | 5,417 |
May 2012 | 5,417 |
Jun 2012 | 5,424 |
Jul 2012 | 5,433 |
Aug 2012 | 5,431 |
Sep 2012 | 5,442 |
Oct 2012 | 5,446 |
Nov 2012 | 5,449 |
Dec 2012 | 5,452 |
Jan 2013 | 5,458 |
Feb 2013 | 5,456 |
Mar 2013 | 5,451 |
Apr 2013 | 5,455 |
May 2013 | 5,470 |
Jun 2013 | 5,480 |
Jul 2013 | 5,483 |
Aug 2013 | 5,494 |
Sep 2013 | 5,502 |
Oct 2013 | 5,509 |
Nov 2013 | 5,513 |
Dec 2013 | 5,525 |
Jan 2014 | 5,533 |
Feb 2014 | 5,535 |
Mar 2014 | 5,553 |
Apr 2014 | 5,565 |
May 2014 | 5,566 |
Jun 2014 | 5,563 |
Jul 2014 | 5,565 |
Aug 2014 | 5,580 |
Sep 2014 | 5,575 |
Oct 2014 | 5,582 |
Nov 2014 | 5,590 |
Dec 2014 | 5,592 |
Jan 2015 | 5,600 |
Feb 2015 | 5,605 |
Mar 2015 | 5,607 |
Apr 2015 | 5,614 |
May 2015 | 5,623 |
Jun 2015 | 5,617 |
Jul 2015 | 5,629 |
Aug 2015 | 5,620 |
Sep 2015 | 5,621 |
Oct 2015 | 5,630 |
Nov 2015 | 5,638 |
Dec 2015 | 5,653 |
Jan 2016 | 5,649 |
Feb 2016 | 5,665 |
Mar 2016 | 5,673 |
Apr 2016 | 5,679 |
May 2016 | 5,670 |
Jun 2016 | 5,681 |
Jul 2016 | 5,689 |
Aug 2016 | 5,702 |
Sep 2016 | 5,713 |
Oct 2016 | 5,719 |
Nov 2016 | 5,729 |
Dec 2016 | 5,714 |
Jan 2017 | 5,731 |
Feb 2017 | 5,743 |
Mar 2017 | 5,749 |
Apr 2017 | 5,754 |
May 2017 | 5,766 |
Jun 2017 | 5,767 |
Jul 2017 | 5,773 |
Aug 2017 | 5,774 |
Sep 2017 | 5,778 |
Oct 2017 | 5,790 |
Nov 2017 | 5,802 |
Dec 2017 | 5,805 |
Jan 2018 | 5,812 |
Feb 2018 | 5,818 |
Mar 2018 | 5,821 |
Apr 2018 | 5,828 |
May 2018 | 5,843 |
Jun 2018 | 5,844 |
Jul 2018 | 5,825 |
Aug 2018 | 5,825 |
Sep 2018 | 5,832 |
Oct 2018 | 5,835 |
Nov 2018 | 5,835 |
Dec 2018 | 5,850 |
Jan 2019 | 5,856 |
Feb 2019 | 5,860 |
Mar 2019 | 5,883 |
Apr 2019 | 5,896 |
May 2019 | 5,894 |
Jun 2019 | 5,893 |
Jul 2019 | 5,895 |
Aug 2019 | 5,894 |
Sep 2019 | 5,894 |
Oct 2019 | 5,885 |
Nov 2019 | 5,906 |
Dec 2019 | 5,921 |
Jan 2020 | 5,940 |
Feb 2020 | 5,951 |
Mar 2020 | 5,860 |
Apr 2020 | 4,520 |
May 2020 | 4,756 |
Jun 2020 | 5,089 |
Jul 2020 | 5,225 |
Aug 2020 | 5,276 |
Sep 2020 | 5,323 |
Oct 2020 | 5,335 |
Nov 2020 | 5,330 |
Dec 2020 | 5,319 |
Jan 2021 | 5,328 |
Feb 2021 | 5,339 |
Mar 2021 | 5,356 |
Apr 2021 | 5,379 |
May 2021 | 5,395 |
Jun 2021 | 5,437 |
Jul 2021 | 5,473 |
Aug 2021 | 5,502 |
Sep 2021 | 5,519 |
Oct 2021 | 5,544 |
Nov 2021 | 5,580 |
Dec 2021 | 5,604 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
In 2021, construction added 189,000 jobs and, by December, had recovered 1.0 million of the 1.1 million jobs lost in March and April 2020. (See chart 21.) The sector’s job gains in 2021 were driven by employment advances in residential specialty trade contractors (+64,000), nonresidential specialty trade contractors (+49,000), and residential building (+44,000). (See chart 22.) Over the year, employment changed little in civil engineering construction (+21,000) and nonresidential building (+11,000).
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 5,427 |
Feb 2011 | 5,451 |
Mar 2011 | 5,477 |
Apr 2011 | 5,485 |
May 2011 | 5,516 |
Jun 2011 | 5,528 |
Jul 2011 | 5,547 |
Aug 2011 | 5,552 |
Sep 2011 | 5,584 |
Oct 2011 | 5,588 |
Nov 2011 | 5,593 |
Dec 2011 | 5,611 |
Jan 2012 | 5,626 |
Feb 2012 | 5,629 |
Mar 2012 | 5,625 |
Apr 2012 | 5,618 |
May 2012 | 5,604 |
Jun 2012 | 5,621 |
Jul 2012 | 5,632 |
Aug 2012 | 5,648 |
Sep 2012 | 5,661 |
Oct 2012 | 5,674 |
Nov 2012 | 5,684 |
Dec 2012 | 5,724 |
Jan 2013 | 5,746 |
Feb 2013 | 5,784 |
Mar 2013 | 5,802 |
Apr 2013 | 5,796 |
May 2013 | 5,829 |
Jun 2013 | 5,855 |
Jul 2013 | 5,859 |
Aug 2013 | 5,878 |
Sep 2013 | 5,910 |
Oct 2013 | 5,931 |
Nov 2013 | 5,963 |
Dec 2013 | 5,932 |
Jan 2014 | 5,985 |
Feb 2014 | 6,007 |
Mar 2014 | 6,038 |
Apr 2014 | 6,084 |
May 2014 | 6,109 |
Jun 2014 | 6,133 |
Jul 2014 | 6,178 |
Aug 2014 | 6,210 |
Sep 2014 | 6,242 |
Oct 2014 | 6,259 |
Nov 2014 | 6,272 |
Dec 2014 | 6,293 |
Jan 2015 | 6,320 |
Feb 2015 | 6,361 |
Mar 2015 | 6,334 |
Apr 2015 | 6,392 |
May 2015 | 6,427 |
Jun 2015 | 6,441 |
Jul 2015 | 6,472 |
Aug 2015 | 6,490 |
Sep 2015 | 6,508 |
Oct 2015 | 6,547 |
Nov 2015 | 6,598 |
Dec 2015 | 6,630 |
Jan 2016 | 6,631 |
Feb 2016 | 6,640 |
Mar 2016 | 6,678 |
Apr 2016 | 6,702 |
May 2016 | 6,689 |
Jun 2016 | 6,701 |
Jul 2016 | 6,735 |
Aug 2016 | 6,736 |
Sep 2016 | 6,768 |
Oct 2016 | 6,799 |
Nov 2016 | 6,823 |
Dec 2016 | 6,818 |
Jan 2017 | 6,840 |
Feb 2017 | 6,881 |
Mar 2017 | 6,902 |
Apr 2017 | 6,916 |
May 2017 | 6,931 |
Jun 2017 | 6,962 |
Jul 2017 | 6,968 |
Aug 2017 | 7,002 |
Sep 2017 | 7,013 |
Oct 2017 | 7,031 |
Nov 2017 | 7,068 |
Dec 2017 | 7,091 |
Jan 2018 | 7,102 |
Feb 2018 | 7,186 |
Mar 2018 | 7,195 |
Apr 2018 | 7,223 |
May 2018 | 7,271 |
Jun 2018 | 7,291 |
Jul 2018 | 7,316 |
Aug 2018 | 7,345 |
Sep 2018 | 7,366 |
Oct 2018 | 7,380 |
Nov 2018 | 7,379 |
Dec 2018 | 7,396 |
Jan 2019 | 7,434 |
Feb 2019 | 7,402 |
Mar 2019 | 7,427 |
Apr 2019 | 7,470 |
May 2019 | 7,484 |
Jun 2019 | 7,510 |
Jul 2019 | 7,522 |
Aug 2019 | 7,527 |
Sep 2019 | 7,540 |
Oct 2019 | 7,543 |
Nov 2019 | 7,536 |
Dec 2019 | 7,529 |
Jan 2020 | 7,577 |
Feb 2020 | 7,624 |
Mar 2020 | 7,549 |
Apr 2020 | 6,516 |
May 2020 | 7,007 |
Jun 2020 | 7,166 |
Jul 2020 | 7,198 |
Aug 2020 | 7,222 |
Sep 2020 | 7,243 |
Oct 2020 | 7,295 |
Nov 2020 | 7,313 |
Dec 2020 | 7,357 |
Jan 2021 | 7,360 |
Feb 2021 | 7,308 |
Mar 2021 | 7,408 |
Apr 2021 | 7,393 |
May 2021 | 7,381 |
Jun 2021 | 7,378 |
Jul 2021 | 7,395 |
Aug 2021 | 7,397 |
Sep 2021 | 7,427 |
Oct 2021 | 7,455 |
Nov 2021 | 7,502 |
Dec 2021 | 7,546 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Residential building | 44 |
Nonresidential building | 11 |
Heavy and civil engineering | 21 |
Residential specialty trade contractors | 64 |
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors | 49 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
In 2021, job growth in construction coincided with a relatively stable and low federal funds rate (0.08 percent in December) and a low 30-year fixed mortgage rate (3.12 percent in December).[16] However, this growth was likely dampened by sharp and volatile increases in the prices of building materials over the year—increases measured by the Producer Price Index and reflected in the costs for new nonresidential building.[17]
Healthcare added 103,000 jobs in 2021 and, by December, had recovered 1.2 million of the 1.6 million jobs lost in early 2020. (See chart 23.) The industry’s employment gains in 2021 were concentrated in ambulatory healthcare services, which added 274,000 jobs, an increase driven by offices of physicians (+89,000), offices of other health practitioners (+85,000), and offices of dentists (+48,000). (See chart 24.) In contrast, nursing and residential care facilities continued to lose jobs over the year (−139,000), with the industry shedding 410,000 jobs (nearly all since February 2020) after reaching an employment peak in July 2019. Hospital employment showed little net change (−32,000) in 2021.
Date | Employment |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 13,899.6 |
Feb 2011 | 13,918.4 |
Mar 2011 | 13,945.3 |
Apr 2011 | 13,975.2 |
May 2011 | 13,989.1 |
Jun 2011 | 14,012.6 |
Jul 2011 | 14,042.2 |
Aug 2011 | 14,069.2 |
Sep 2011 | 14,100.1 |
Oct 2011 | 14,118.0 |
Nov 2011 | 14,125.1 |
Dec 2011 | 14,129.9 |
Jan 2012 | 14,164.4 |
Feb 2012 | 14,196.7 |
Mar 2012 | 14,218.7 |
Apr 2012 | 14,235.4 |
May 2012 | 14,263.1 |
Jun 2012 | 14,266.3 |
Jul 2012 | 14,283.5 |
Aug 2012 | 14,296.1 |
Sep 2012 | 14,325.2 |
Oct 2012 | 14,356.4 |
Nov 2012 | 14,364.8 |
Dec 2012 | 14,398.7 |
Jan 2013 | 14,413.9 |
Feb 2013 | 14,428.2 |
Mar 2013 | 14,446.8 |
Apr 2013 | 14,472.1 |
May 2013 | 14,471.3 |
Jun 2013 | 14,483.6 |
Jul 2013 | 14,484.2 |
Aug 2013 | 14,521.3 |
Sep 2013 | 14,518.3 |
Oct 2013 | 14,529.7 |
Nov 2013 | 14,547.9 |
Dec 2013 | 14,556.9 |
Jan 2014 | 14,555.5 |
Feb 2014 | 14,571.8 |
Mar 2014 | 14,594.6 |
Apr 2014 | 14,606.4 |
May 2014 | 14,637.5 |
Jun 2014 | 14,650.5 |
Jul 2014 | 14,670.6 |
Aug 2014 | 14,704.8 |
Sep 2014 | 14,729.5 |
Oct 2014 | 14,758.2 |
Nov 2014 | 14,794.6 |
Dec 2014 | 14,828.5 |
Jan 2015 | 14,868.5 |
Feb 2015 | 14,896.1 |
Mar 2015 | 14,917.3 |
Apr 2015 | 14,956.1 |
May 2015 | 14,998.7 |
Jun 2015 | 15,022.5 |
Jul 2015 | 15,061.9 |
Aug 2015 | 15,095.6 |
Sep 2015 | 15,122.3 |
Oct 2015 | 15,161.7 |
Nov 2015 | 15,184.7 |
Dec 2015 | 15,208.6 |
Jan 2016 | 15,244.2 |
Feb 2016 | 15,273.7 |
Mar 2016 | 15,298.7 |
Apr 2016 | 15,335.8 |
May 2016 | 15,372.9 |
Jun 2016 | 15,405.6 |
Jul 2016 | 15,442.8 |
Aug 2016 | 15,464.4 |
Sep 2016 | 15,492.2 |
Oct 2016 | 15,520.6 |
Nov 2016 | 15,542.5 |
Dec 2016 | 15,579.3 |
Jan 2017 | 15,589.6 |
Feb 2017 | 15,616.4 |
Mar 2017 | 15,629.5 |
Apr 2017 | 15,657.5 |
May 2017 | 15,675.4 |
Jun 2017 | 15,709.3 |
Jul 2017 | 15,747.3 |
Aug 2017 | 15,763.4 |
Sep 2017 | 15,778.2 |
Oct 2017 | 15,794.5 |
Nov 2017 | 15,812.2 |
Dec 2017 | 15,836.1 |
Jan 2018 | 15,855.5 |
Feb 2018 | 15,884.9 |
Mar 2018 | 15,902.4 |
Apr 2018 | 15,919.8 |
May 2018 | 15,945.5 |
Jun 2018 | 15,957.8 |
Jul 2018 | 15,965.0 |
Aug 2018 | 15,987.4 |
Sep 2018 | 15,999.6 |
Oct 2018 | 16,025.9 |
Nov 2018 | 16,039.4 |
Dec 2018 | 16,086.2 |
Jan 2019 | 16,114.9 |
Feb 2019 | 16,135.1 |
Mar 2019 | 16,179.4 |
Apr 2019 | 16,203.4 |
May 2019 | 16,222.4 |
Jun 2019 | 16,258.4 |
Jul 2019 | 16,281.4 |
Aug 2019 | 16,313.5 |
Sep 2019 | 16,345.5 |
Oct 2019 | 16,357.2 |
Nov 2019 | 16,396.8 |
Dec 2019 | 16,417.5 |
Jan 2020 | 16,461.5 |
Feb 2020 | 16,490.5 |
Mar 2020 | 16,397.5 |
Apr 2020 | 14,880.6 |
May 2020 | 15,199.5 |
Jun 2020 | 15,567.5 |
Jul 2020 | 15,695.9 |
Aug 2020 | 15,785.2 |
Sep 2020 | 15,850.5 |
Oct 2020 | 15,911.2 |
Nov 2020 | 15,942.4 |
Dec 2020 | 16,001.0 |
Jan 2021 | 15,937.2 |
Feb 2021 | 15,965.0 |
Mar 2021 | 16,001.3 |
Apr 2021 | 16,011.8 |
May 2021 | 16,017.8 |
Jun 2021 | 16,012.5 |
Jul 2021 | 16,032.0 |
Aug 2021 | 16,042.3 |
Sep 2021 | 16,025.8 |
Oct 2021 | 16,056.7 |
Nov 2021 | 16,079.8 |
Dec 2021 | 16,103.8 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change |
---|---|
Ambulatory healthcare services | 274 |
Offices of physicians | 89 |
Offices of dentists | 48 |
Offices of other health practitioners | 85 |
Outpatient care centers | 14 |
Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 14 |
Home healthcare services | 17 |
Other ambulatory healthcare services | 7 |
Hospitals | -32 |
Nursing and residential care facilities | -139 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Employment in social assistance grew by 156,000 over the year, with individual and family services (+87,000) and child daycare services (+58,000) leading the gains.
Employment in mining rose by 38,000 in 2021, ending the year 93,000 below its February 2020 level. (See chart 25.) These gains were concentrated in support activities for mining, which added 37,000 jobs in 2021, mostly in support activities for oil and gas operations (+28,000). For most of the year, employment changed little in coal mining and in oil and gas extraction. Because mining employment is highly sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices, its gains in 2021 were likely driven by over-the-year increases in the price of crude oil (measured by the price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil).[18]
Date | Employment (thousands) | WTI crude oil price (dollars per barrel) |
---|---|---|
Jan 2011 | 686.5 | 91.02 |
Feb 2011 | 689.0 | 85.51 |
Mar 2011 | 703.2 | 103.74 |
Apr 2011 | 719.4 | 107.75 |
May 2011 | 729.9 | 99.87 |
Jun 2011 | 741.7 | 95.87 |
Jul 2011 | 752.2 | 96.72 |
Aug 2011 | 756.2 | 82.86 |
Sep 2011 | 765.5 | 88.93 |
Oct 2011 | 772.3 | 85.35 |
Nov 2011 | 775.1 | 96.97 |
Dec 2011 | 781.4 | 96.06 |
Jan 2012 | 789.1 | 100.43 |
Feb 2012 | 795.5 | 101.73 |
Mar 2012 | 799.0 | 106.15 |
Apr 2012 | 801.5 | 102.55 |
May 2012 | 803.7 | 96.98 |
Jun 2012 | 803.0 | 83.27 |
Jul 2012 | 800.2 | 85.78 |
Aug 2012 | 799.2 | 94.43 |
Sep 2012 | 794.4 | 97.56 |
Oct 2012 | 785.5 | 91.42 |
Nov 2012 | 792.1 | 85.87 |
Dec 2012 | 796.4 | 85.71 |
Jan 2013 | 800.4 | 93.38 |
Feb 2013 | 806.7 | 96.95 |
Mar 2013 | 808.0 | 92.70 |
Apr 2013 | 805.4 | 93.36 |
May 2013 | 810.0 | 94.65 |
Jun 2013 | 812.5 | 96.36 |
Jul 2013 | 811.6 | 104.70 |
Aug 2013 | 812.5 | 106.97 |
Sep 2013 | 816.0 | 108.36 |
Oct 2013 | 817.4 | 102.70 |
Nov 2013 | 815.3 | 93.94 |
Dec 2013 | 813.3 | 97.23 |
Jan 2014 | 817.7 | 92.98 |
Feb 2014 | 823.0 | 100.21 |
Mar 2014 | 826.9 | 99.55 |
Apr 2014 | 834.6 | 102.72 |
May 2014 | 835.9 | 101.92 |
Jun 2014 | 840.0 | 105.97 |
Jul 2014 | 845.7 | 103.25 |
Aug 2014 | 846.0 | 97.17 |
Sep 2014 | 851.0 | 92.43 |
Oct 2014 | 848.6 | 82.88 |
Nov 2014 | 847.0 | 76.50 |
Dec 2014 | 843.4 | 61.14 |
Jan 2015 | 834.6 | 47.07 |
Feb 2015 | 822.7 | 51.14 |
Mar 2015 | 806.1 | 47.69 |
Apr 2015 | 790.5 | 54.78 |
May 2015 | 767.7 | 60.01 |
Jun 2015 | 764.3 | 60.07 |
Jul 2015 | 752.7 | 51.68 |
Aug 2015 | 740.6 | 43.20 |
Sep 2015 | 727.0 | 45.16 |
Oct 2015 | 718.7 | 46.82 |
Nov 2015 | 704.2 | 42.70 |
Dec 2015 | 693.7 | 36.93 |
Jan 2016 | 679.8 | 30.59 |
Feb 2016 | 658.6 | 28.14 |
Mar 2016 | 638.5 | 37.69 |
Apr 2016 | 625.9 | 41.23 |
May 2016 | 614.7 | 45.44 |
Jun 2016 | 604.5 | 47.89 |
Jul 2016 | 600.3 | 45.60 |
Aug 2016 | 596.0 | 43.11 |
Sep 2016 | 594.2 | 44.34 |
Oct 2016 | 593.3 | 50.29 |
Nov 2016 | 597.2 | 44.61 |
Dec 2016 | 598.6 | 51.91 |
Jan 2017 | 598.7 | 52.07 |
Feb 2017 | 604.5 | 52.88 |
Mar 2017 | 609.2 | 50.50 |
Apr 2017 | 619.6 | 53.19 |
May 2017 | 624.7 | 47.04 |
Jun 2017 | 628.6 | 45.30 |
Jul 2017 | 631.1 | 45.51 |
Aug 2017 | 636.2 | 49.08 |
Sep 2017 | 637.9 | 49.07 |
Oct 2017 | 639.2 | 50.77 |
Nov 2017 | 643.4 | 55.81 |
Dec 2017 | 642.8 | 57.17 |
Jan 2018 | 647.3 | 63.26 |
Feb 2018 | 654.7 | 60.56 |
Mar 2018 | 661.7 | 61.28 |
Apr 2018 | 670.9 | 66.02 |
May 2018 | 675.5 | 70.56 |
Jun 2018 | 683.0 | 66.21 |
Jul 2018 | 681.9 | 71.96 |
Aug 2018 | 690.5 | 66.15 |
Sep 2018 | 691.3 | 68.96 |
Oct 2018 | 694.6 | 72.96 |
Nov 2018 | 688.8 | 56.92 |
Dec 2018 | 692.4 | 51.54 |
Jan 2019 | 693.3 | 50.78 |
Feb 2019 | 690.9 | 53.88 |
Mar 2019 | 688.4 | 57.81 |
Apr 2019 | 689.4 | 64.10 |
May 2019 | 689.5 | 62.10 |
Jun 2019 | 686.7 | 52.52 |
Jul 2019 | 681.7 | 59.02 |
Aug 2019 | 673.5 | 55.31 |
Sep 2019 | 670.9 | 56.16 |
Oct 2019 | 669.7 | 53.27 |
Nov 2019 | 657.3 | 56.92 |
Dec 2019 | 644.4 | 59.25 |
Jan 2020 | 636.2 | 58.29 |
Feb 2020 | 638.5 | 50.83 |
Mar 2020 | 625.8 | 32.39 |
Apr 2020 | 568.9 | 20.12 |
May 2020 | 548.8 | 26.40 |
Jun 2020 | 535.3 | 37.87 |
Jul 2020 | 524.7 | 40.57 |
Aug 2020 | 517.5 | 42.08 |
Sep 2020 | 514.8 | 37.38 |
Oct 2020 | 509.3 | 40.33 |
Nov 2020 | 507.4 | 40.66 |
Dec 2020 | 507.3 | 46.04 |
Jan 2021 | 498.4 | 52.75 |
Feb 2021 | 494.1 | 58.54 |
Mar 2021 | 503.7 | 65.02 |
Apr 2021 | 506.5 | 61.93 |
May 2021 | 514.5 | 65.07 |
Jun 2021 | 519.1 | 70.11 |
Jul 2021 | 522.6 | 73.19 |
Aug 2021 | 527.7 | 68.33 |
Sep 2021 | 530.2 | 71.69 |
Oct 2021 | 533.5 | 81.18 |
Nov 2021 | 536.9 | 81.93 |
Dec 2021 | 545.3 | 71.18 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Employment in utilities changed little (−3,000) in 2021 and, by December, had fallen by 9,000 since February 2020.
In 2021, average weekly hours of all private sector employees rose by 0.1 hour, to 34.8 hours (see chart 26), whereas average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory employees declined by 0.1 hour, to 34.1 hours. Combining employment gains with changes in the length of the workweek, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees in the private sector increased by 5.8 and 5.5 points, respectively. In addition, in December 2021, the index for all employees was 0.9 point below its prepandemic level, while the index for production and nonsupervisory employees was 1.9 points lower.
Date | Average weekly hours |
---|---|
Jan 2011 | 34.2 |
Feb 2011 | 34.3 |
Mar 2011 | 34.3 |
Apr 2011 | 34.4 |
May 2011 | 34.3 |
Jun 2011 | 34.3 |
Jul 2011 | 34.4 |
Aug 2011 | 34.3 |
Sep 2011 | 34.4 |
Oct 2011 | 34.4 |
Nov 2011 | 34.4 |
Dec 2011 | 34.4 |
Jan 2012 | 34.5 |
Feb 2012 | 34.5 |
Mar 2012 | 34.4 |
Apr 2012 | 34.5 |
May 2012 | 34.4 |
Jun 2012 | 34.4 |
Jul 2012 | 34.4 |
Aug 2012 | 34.4 |
Sep 2012 | 34.4 |
Oct 2012 | 34.4 |
Nov 2012 | 34.4 |
Dec 2012 | 34.5 |
Jan 2013 | 34.4 |
Feb 2013 | 34.5 |
Mar 2013 | 34.5 |
Apr 2013 | 34.4 |
May 2013 | 34.5 |
Jun 2013 | 34.5 |
Jul 2013 | 34.4 |
Aug 2013 | 34.5 |
Sep 2013 | 34.4 |
Oct 2013 | 34.4 |
Nov 2013 | 34.5 |
Dec 2013 | 34.4 |
Jan 2014 | 34.4 |
Feb 2014 | 34.3 |
Mar 2014 | 34.5 |
Apr 2014 | 34.5 |
May 2014 | 34.5 |
Jun 2014 | 34.5 |
Jul 2014 | 34.5 |
Aug 2014 | 34.6 |
Sep 2014 | 34.5 |
Oct 2014 | 34.6 |
Nov 2014 | 34.6 |
Dec 2014 | 34.6 |
Jan 2015 | 34.5 |
Feb 2015 | 34.6 |
Mar 2015 | 34.5 |
Apr 2015 | 34.5 |
May 2015 | 34.5 |
Jun 2015 | 34.5 |
Jul 2015 | 34.5 |
Aug 2015 | 34.5 |
Sep 2015 | 34.5 |
Oct 2015 | 34.6 |
Nov 2015 | 34.5 |
Dec 2015 | 34.5 |
Jan 2016 | 34.6 |
Feb 2016 | 34.4 |
Mar 2016 | 34.4 |
Apr 2016 | 34.4 |
May 2016 | 34.4 |
Jun 2016 | 34.4 |
Jul 2016 | 34.4 |
Aug 2016 | 34.3 |
Sep 2016 | 34.4 |
Oct 2016 | 34.4 |
Nov 2016 | 34.4 |
Dec 2016 | 34.4 |
Jan 2017 | 34.4 |
Feb 2017 | 34.3 |
Mar 2017 | 34.3 |
Apr 2017 | 34.4 |
May 2017 | 34.4 |
Jun 2017 | 34.4 |
Jul 2017 | 34.4 |
Aug 2017 | 34.4 |
Sep 2017 | 34.3 |
Oct 2017 | 34.4 |
Nov 2017 | 34.5 |
Dec 2017 | 34.5 |
Jan 2018 | 34.4 |
Feb 2018 | 34.5 |
Mar 2018 | 34.5 |
Apr 2018 | 34.5 |
May 2018 | 34.5 |
Jun 2018 | 34.5 |
Jul 2018 | 34.5 |
Aug 2018 | 34.5 |
Sep 2018 | 34.5 |
Oct 2018 | 34.5 |
Nov 2018 | 34.4 |
Dec 2018 | 34.5 |
Jan 2019 | 34.5 |
Feb 2019 | 34.4 |
Mar 2019 | 34.5 |
Apr 2019 | 34.4 |
May 2019 | 34.4 |
Jun 2019 | 34.4 |
Jul 2019 | 34.4 |
Aug 2019 | 34.4 |
Sep 2019 | 34.4 |
Oct 2019 | 34.4 |
Nov 2019 | 34.3 |
Dec 2019 | 34.3 |
Jan 2020 | 34.3 |
Feb 2020 | 34.4 |
Mar 2020 | 34.1 |
Apr 2020 | 34.2 |
May 2020 | 34.7 |
Jun 2020 | 34.6 |
Jul 2020 | 34.6 |
Aug 2020 | 34.7 |
Sep 2020 | 34.8 |
Oct 2020 | 34.9 |
Nov 2020 | 34.8 |
Dec 2020 | 34.7 |
Jan 2021 | 35.0 |
Feb 2021 | 34.6 |
Mar 2021 | 34.9 |
Apr 2021 | 34.9 |
May 2021 | 34.9 |
Jun 2021 | 34.8 |
Jul 2021 | 34.8 |
Aug 2021 | 34.7 |
Sep 2021 | 34.8 |
Oct 2021 | 34.8 |
Nov 2021 | 34.8 |
Dec 2021 | 34.8 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
In 2021, average hourly earnings of all private sector employees increased by 4.9 percent, the second-largest calendar-year gain since the series began in March 2006 (the largest gain, both relative and absolute, occurred in 2020). (See chart 27.) Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees, which represent about 82 percent of all employees, increased by 6.2 percent over the year—the largest calendar-year gain since 1981, when hourly earnings rose by 7.2 percent. (See chart 28.) Relative earnings gains of all employees ranged from 1.5 percent in the information sector to a very strong 13.3 percent in leisure and hospitality. (See chart 29.)
Date | Earnings change |
---|---|
Dec 2007 | 3.0 |
Dec 2008 | 3.6 |
Dec 2009 | 1.9 |
Dec 2010 | 1.8 |
Dec 2011 | 2.0 |
Dec 2012 | 2.2 |
Dec 2013 | 1.9 |
Dec 2014 | 2.0 |
Dec 2015 | 2.5 |
Dec 2016 | 2.7 |
Dec 2017 | 2.7 |
Dec 2018 | 3.4 |
Dec 2019 | 2.9 |
Dec 2020 | 5.5 |
Dec 2021 | 4.9 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Date | Earnings change |
---|---|
Dec 1965 | 3.5 |
Dec 1966 | 4.1 |
Dec 1967 | 5.0 |
Dec 1968 | 6.5 |
Dec 1969 | 6.4 |
Dec 1970 | 5.7 |
Dec 1971 | 6.6 |
Dec 1972 | 7.2 |
Dec 1973 | 6.3 |
Dec 1974 | 8.2 |
Dec 1975 | 5.9 |
Dec 1976 | 7.4 |
Dec 1977 | 7.3 |
Dec 1978 | 8.7 |
Dec 1979 | 7.5 |
Dec 1980 | 8.7 |
Dec 1981 | 7.2 |
Dec 1982 | 4.8 |
Dec 1983 | 4.0 |
Dec 1984 | 3.4 |
Dec 1985 | 3.0 |
Dec 1986 | 1.6 |
Dec 1987 | 3.0 |
Dec 1988 | 3.4 |
Dec 1989 | 4.0 |
Dec 1990 | 3.6 |
Dec 1991 | 2.9 |
Dec 1992 | 2.3 |
Dec 1993 | 2.7 |
Dec 1994 | 2.6 |
Dec 1995 | 3.0 |
Dec 1996 | 3.6 |
Dec 1997 | 4.2 |
Dec 1998 | 3.6 |
Dec 1999 | 3.7 |
Dec 2000 | 4.2 |
Dec 2001 | 3.3 |
Dec 2002 | 3.1 |
Dec 2003 | 1.8 |
Dec 2004 | 2.5 |
Dec 2005 | 3.1 |
Dec 2006 | 4.2 |
Dec 2007 | 3.8 |
Dec 2008 | 3.9 |
Dec 2009 | 2.4 |
Dec 2010 | 2.1 |
Dec 2011 | 1.8 |
Dec 2012 | 1.7 |
Dec 2013 | 2.2 |
Dec 2014 | 1.8 |
Dec 2015 | 2.6 |
Dec 2016 | 2.5 |
Dec 2017 | 2.4 |
Dec 2018 | 3.6 |
Dec 2019 | 3.2 |
Dec 2020 | 5.6 |
Dec 2021 | 6.2 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Industry | Employment change (thousands) | Average hourly earnings change (percent) | Employment level, December 2020 (thousands) |
---|---|---|---|
Mining and Logging | 36 | 3.5 | 554 |
Construction | 189 | 4.9 | 7,357 |
Manufacturing | 365 | 4.6 | 12,190 |
Wholesale trade | 152 | 4.7 | 5,598 |
Utilities | -3 | 4.2 | 541 |
Retail trade | 425 | 5.3 | 15,170 |
Transportation and warehousing | 432 | 5.9 | 5,848 |
Information | 194 | 1.5 | 2,719 |
Financial activities | 142 | 4.0 | 8,721 |
Professional and business services | 1,132 | 6.1 | 20,689 |
Education and health services | 589 | 5.8 | 23,350 |
Leisure and hospitality | 2,356 | 13.3 | 12,749 |
Other services | 285 | 4.9 | 5,319 |
Note: In 2021, average hourly earnings of all private sector employees increased by 4.9 percent. Source U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
The substantial increase in average hourly earnings in 2020 resulted largely from changes in employment, because industries with lower hourly earnings lost more jobs. In 2021, the gains in average hourly earnings of all employees were due mainly to inflationary effects. Adjusted for inflation by using the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers, real average hourly earnings for all employees declined by 2.1 percent over the year. Adjusted for price increases by the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, real hourly earnings for production and nonsupervisory employees declined by 1.5 percent.
In 2021, total nonfarm employment rose by 6.7 million, continuing its recovery from the widespread declines in March and April 2020. Most major industries added jobs over the year, with leisure and hospitality recording the largest employment gain. Employment in professional and business services reached and exceeded its prepandemic level, and employment in transportation and warehousing continued to expand. Average hourly earnings increased over the year, and average weekly hours edged up.
Maria Ramos, "Employment recovery continues in 2021, with some industries reaching or exceeding their prepandemic employment levels," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2022, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2022.15
1 Hereafter, the term “prepandemic” refers to industry employment levels for February 2020.
2 “December staffing employment remains at record levels” (Alexandria, VA: American Staffing Association, December 21, 2021), https://americanstaffing.net/posts/2021/12/21/december-staffing-employment-remains-at-record-levels/.
3 “Cass Freight Index: shipments” (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2022), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FRGSHPUSM649NCIS.
4 For data on retail e-commerce sales, see Quarterly retail e-commerce sales: 4th quarter 2021, CB22-23 (U.S. Census Bureau, February 18, 2022), https://www.census.gov/retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf.
5 “Advance retail sales: retail trade” (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2022), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RSXFS.
6 “Consumer confidence improved again in December,” press release (The Conference Board, December 22, 2021), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/consumer-confidence-improved-again-in-december-301449863.html.
7 Ryan Dezember, “Sky-high lumber prices are back,” The Wall Street Journal, December 19, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/sky-high-lumber-prices-are-back-11639842879.
8 Imani Moise, Anirban Sen, and Anna Irrera, “Analysis: digital banks gain U.S. customers during pandemic, thanks to early deposits,” Reuters, January 13, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/digital-banks-gain-us-customers-during-pandemic-thanks-early-deposits-2021-01-13/; and Kimberly M. Kreiss, “Bank branches and COVID-19: where are banks closing branches during the pandemic?” FEDS Notes (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, December 17, 2021), https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3027.
9 Data on the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage average in the United States are from Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey (https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms). Data capture rates including the 12th of the month.
10 “Advance retail sales: food services and drinking places” (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2022), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RSFSDP.
11 “All items in U.S. city average, all urban consumers, seasonally adjusted,” series CUSR0000SA0 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), https://www.bls.gov/cpi/.
12 “Total compensation cost per hour worked for private industry workers in accommodation and food services industries,” series CMU2017200000000D (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), https://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/.
13 Mark Ludiwikowski and William Sjoberg, “Semiconductors shortage and the U.S. auto industry,” Reuters, June 22, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/semiconductor-shortage-us-auto-industry-2021-06-22/; and “U.S. consumer technology revenue sales end 2021 up 9%, following double digit growth in 2020” (Port Washington, NY: The NPD Group, January 6, 2022), https://www.npd.com/news/press-releases/2022/us-consumer-technology-revenue-sales-end-2021-up-9-following-double-digit-growth-in-2020/.
14 “Advance monthly manufacturers’ shipments, inventories and orders” (U.S. Census Bureau, March 24, 2022), https://www.census.gov/econ/currentdata/dbsearch?program=M3ADV&startYear=2011&endYear=2021&categories=MDM&dataType=NO&geoLevel=US&adjusted=1&submit=GET+DATA&releaseScheduleId=.
15 “December 2021 ISM® Report On Business®: manufacturing” (Tempe, AZ: Institute for Supply Management, January 1, 2022), https://www.ismworld.org/supply-management-news-and-reports/news-publications/inside-supply-management-magazine/2021--January-february-issue/manufacturing/.
16 For data on the effective federal funds rate, see “Federal funds effective rate” (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2022), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFF. Data on the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage average in the United States are from Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey (https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms).
17 For data on building materials, see “PPI industry group data for building material and supplies dealers, not seasonally adjusted,” series PCU44441—4441 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), https://www.bls.gov/ppi/. For data on new nonresidential building, see “PPI commodity data for construction (partial)—new nonresidential building construction, not seasonally adjusted,” series WPU801 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), https://www.bls.gov/ppi/.
18 For data on the price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil, see “Crude oil prices: West Texas Intermediate (WTI)—Cushing, Oklahoma” (FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2022), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DCOILWTICO#0. Data capture rates including the 12th of the month.