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The first Friday in December is Bartender Appreciation Day, so we raise our glasses and present some BLS data related to these master mixologists who shake, stir, pour, and serve drinks in food services and drinking places and other industries. Nationwide, bartender employment was 613,070 in May 2022. The largest numbers of bartender employment was in large metropolitan areas. For example, the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin, and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California, metropolitan areas each had about 20,000 bartender jobs, while the New York-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey-Pennsylvania, metropolitan area had over 29,000. But compared with the nation as a whole, the Los Angeles and New York metropolitan areas had lower concentrations of bartenders, while the concentration of bartenders in the Chicago area was slightly higher than average.
Area | Location quotient | Employment |
---|---|---|
Abilene, TX |
0.97 | 280 |
Akron, OH |
1.09 | 1,410 |
Albany, GA |
0.66 | 160 |
Albany, OR |
1.11 | 220 |
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY |
0.80 | 1,430 |
Albuquerque, NM |
0.73 | 1,150 |
Alexandria, LA |
0.79 | 200 |
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ |
1.12 | 1,680 |
Altoona, PA |
1.40 | 330 |
Amarillo, TX |
1.03 | 490 |
Ames, IA |
1.86 | 360 |
Anchorage, AK |
1.41 | 980 |
Ann Arbor, MI |
0.79 | 690 |
Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL |
0.33 | 60 |
Appleton, WI |
1.85 | 920 |
Asheville, NC |
1.82 | 1,480 |
Athens-Clarke County, GA |
1.39 | 500 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
0.72 | 8,110 |
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ |
3.77 | 1,940 |
Auburn-Opelika, AL |
0.89 | 230 |
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC |
0.83 | 780 |
Austin-Round Rock, TX |
1.13 | 5,500 |
Bakersfield, CA |
0.50 | 670 |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
0.85 | 4,560 |
Bangor, ME |
1.05 | 280 |
Barnstable Town, MA |
2.12 | 880 |
Baton Rouge, LA |
1.00 | 1,600 |
Battle Creek, MI |
1.06 | 220 |
Bay City, MI |
1.43 | 200 |
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX |
0.91 | 570 |
Beckley, WV |
0.61 | 100 |
Bellingham, WA |
1.33 | 490 |
Bend-Redmond, OR |
1.65 | 600 |
Billings, MT |
2.16 | 780 |
Binghamton, NY |
1.35 | 530 |
Birmingham-Hoover, AL |
0.41 | 840 |
Bismarck, ND |
2.09 | 620 |
Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA |
0.71 | 210 |
Bloomington, IL |
1.07 | 390 |
Bloomington, IN |
1.38 | 410 |
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA |
1.37 | 230 |
Boise City, ID |
1.04 | 1,540 |
Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
1.23 | 13,740 |
Boulder, CO |
1.43 | 1,130 |
Bowling Green, KY |
0.56 | 170 |
Bremerton-Silverdale, WA |
1.22 | 460 |
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT |
1.18 | 1,920 |
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX |
0.86 | 530 |
Brunswick, GA |
1.45 | 250 |
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY |
1.00 | 2,150 |
Burlington, NC |
0.63 | 170 |
Burlington-South Burlington, VT |
1.39 | 680 |
California-Lexington Park, MD |
0.75 | 150 |
Canton-Massillon, OH |
1.16 | 770 |
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL |
1.33 | 1,580 |
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL |
1.17 | 210 |
Carbondale-Marion, IL |
1.50 | 320 |
Carson City, NV |
1.50 | 180 |
Casper, WY |
1.94 | 300 |
Cedar Rapids, IA |
1.35 | 780 |
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA |
1.18 | 280 |
Champaign-Urbana, IL |
1.95 | 830 |
Charleston, WV |
0.52 | 220 |
Charleston-North Charleston, SC |
1.36 | 2,000 |
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC |
0.84 | 4,440 |
Charlottesville, VA |
0.95 | 430 |
Chattanooga, TN-GA |
0.57 | 590 |
Cheyenne, WY |
1.55 | 300 |
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
1.10 | 20,130 |
Chico, CA |
1.29 | 420 |
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN |
1.05 | 4,640 |
Clarksville, TN-KY |
0.71 | 270 |
Cleveland, TN |
0.49 | 90 |
Cleveland-Elyria, OH |
1.03 | 4,210 |
Coeur d'Alene, ID |
1.43 | 400 |
College Station-Bryan, TX |
1.18 | 600 |
Colorado Springs, CO |
1.24 | 1,560 |
Columbia, MO |
1.17 | 460 |
Columbia, SC |
0.53 | 820 |
Columbus, GA-AL |
0.72 | 340 |
Columbus, IN |
0.54 | 110 |
Columbus, OH |
0.84 | 3,680 |
Corpus Christi, TX |
1.30 | 980 |
Corvallis, OR |
0.99 | 150 |
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL |
1.85 | 910 |
Cumberland, MD-WV |
1.59 | 240 |
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
0.75 | 11,830 |
Dalton, GA |
0.33 | 90 |
Danbury, CT |
1.08 | 330 |
Danville, IL |
1.74 | 180 |
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL |
1.30 | 420 |
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL |
1.71 | 1,250 |
Dayton, OH |
0.93 | 1,400 |
Decatur, AL |
0.30 | 70 |
Decatur, IL |
1.33 | 250 |
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL |
1.49 | 1,280 |
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO |
1.38 | 8,880 |
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA |
1.35 | 2,080 |
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI |
0.78 | 6,040 |
Dothan, AL |
0.60 | 140 |
Dover, DE |
1.02 | 280 |
Dover-Durham, NH-ME |
1.09 | 230 |
Dubuque, IA |
1.59 | 380 |
Duluth, MN-WI |
2.92 | 1,480 |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC |
0.56 | 760 |
East Stroudsburg, PA |
1.93 | 430 |
Eau Claire, WI |
2.22 | 760 |
El Centro, CA |
0.45 | 120 |
El Paso, TX |
1.10 | 1,440 |
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY |
0.54 | 120 |
Elkhart-Goshen, IN |
0.41 | 240 |
Elmira, NY |
1.10 | 150 |
Enid, OK |
1.24 | 120 |
Erie, PA |
2.00 | 970 |
Eugene, OR |
1.30 | 830 |
Evansville, IN-KY |
0.97 | 610 |
Fairbanks, AK |
1.57 | 220 |
Fargo, ND-MN |
2.25 | 1,300 |
Farmington, NM |
0.33 | 60 |
Fayetteville, NC |
0.66 | 350 |
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO |
0.64 | 680 |
Flagstaff, AZ |
1.47 | 380 |
Flint, MI |
1.09 | 580 |
Florence, SC |
0.49 | 180 |
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL |
0.53 | 120 |
Fond du Lac, WI |
1.70 | 320 |
Fort Collins, CO |
1.52 | 1,070 |
Fort Smith, AR-OK |
0.79 | 350 |
Fort Wayne, IN |
0.81 | 730 |
Fresno, CA |
0.62 | 1,030 |
Gadsden, AL |
0.46 | 60 |
Gainesville, FL |
0.98 | 560 |
Gainesville, GA |
0.44 | 170 |
Gettysburg, PA |
2.02 | 270 |
Glens Falls, NY |
1.12 | 230 |
Goldsboro, NC |
0.60 | 100 |
Grand Forks, ND-MN |
2.75 | 560 |
Grand Island, NE |
1.49 | 260 |
Grand Junction, CO |
1.35 | 360 |
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI |
0.87 | 1,980 |
Grants Pass, OR |
1.42 | 170 |
Great Falls, MT |
2.80 | 410 |
Greeley, CO |
0.97 | 430 |
Green Bay, WI |
1.95 | 1,360 |
Greensboro-High Point, NC |
0.64 | 930 |
Greenville, NC |
0.79 | 260 |
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC |
0.56 | 960 |
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS |
1.67 | 1,030 |
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV |
1.01 | 420 |
Hammond, LA |
1.14 | 210 |
Hanford-Corcoran, CA |
0.71 | 130 |
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA |
1.10 | 1,460 |
Harrisonburg, VA |
0.82 | 220 |
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT |
0.92 | 2,120 |
Hattiesburg, MS |
0.73 | 190 |
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC |
0.61 | 380 |
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC |
1.97 | 640 |
Hinesville, GA |
0.94 | 80 |
Homosassa Springs, FL |
1.48 | 210 |
Hot Springs, AR |
1.02 | 160 |
Houma-Thibodaux, LA |
0.83 | 270 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX |
0.94 | 11,850 |
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH |
0.93 | 490 |
Huntsville, AL |
0.51 | 500 |
Idaho Falls, ID |
0.72 | 230 |
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN |
0.85 | 3,710 |
Iowa City, IA |
1.84 | 690 |
Ithaca, NY |
1.17 | 230 |
Jackson, MI |
0.90 | 210 |
Jackson, MS |
0.58 | 600 |
Jackson, TN |
0.32 | 90 |
Jacksonville, FL |
0.93 | 2,780 |
Jacksonville, NC |
1.22 | 250 |
Janesville-Beloit, WI |
2.31 | 630 |
Jefferson City, MO |
0.84 | 250 |
Johnson City, TN |
0.71 | 240 |
Johnstown, PA |
2.74 | 540 |
Joplin, MO |
0.81 | 270 |
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI |
2.56 | 780 |
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI |
0.98 | 560 |
Kankakee, IL |
1.19 | 210 |
Kansas City, MO-KS |
0.97 | 4,220 |
Kennewick-Richland, WA |
1.15 | 580 |
Killeen-Temple, TX |
0.82 | 490 |
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA |
0.46 | 220 |
Kingston, NY |
1.48 | 340 |
Knoxville, TN |
0.66 | 1,090 |
Kokomo, IN |
1.11 | 160 |
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN |
2.78 | 830 |
Lafayette, LA |
1.05 | 830 |
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN |
1.14 | 450 |
Lake Charles, LA |
1.74 | 680 |
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ |
1.48 | 330 |
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL |
0.79 | 820 |
Lancaster, PA |
1.14 | 1,140 |
Lansing-East Lansing, MI |
0.91 | 770 |
Laredo, TX |
0.62 | 260 |
Las Cruces, NM |
0.75 | 230 |
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV |
2.79 | 11,850 |
Lawrence, KS |
2.18 | 440 |
Lawton, OK |
0.97 | 170 |
Lebanon, PA |
1.51 | 310 |
Leominster-Gardner, MA |
1.66 | 350 |
Lewiston, ID-WA |
1.17 | 130 |
Lewiston-Auburn, ME |
0.78 | 150 |
Lexington-Fayette, KY |
0.86 | 950 |
Lima, OH |
0.92 | 190 |
Lincoln, NE |
1.35 | 970 |
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR |
0.44 | 620 |
Logan, UT-ID |
0.24 | 70 |
Longview, TX |
0.68 | 260 |
Longview, WA |
0.97 | 160 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
0.79 | 20,030 |
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN |
0.82 | 2,200 |
Lubbock, TX |
1.13 | 690 |
Lynchburg, VA |
0.56 | 220 |
Macon, GA |
0.72 | 290 |
Madera, CA |
0.48 | 100 |
Madison, WI |
1.77 | 2,830 |
Manchester, NH |
1.01 | 450 |
Manhattan, KS |
1.24 | 200 |
Mankato-North Mankato, MN |
1.84 | 410 |
Mansfield, OH |
1.12 | 220 |
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX |
0.60 | 690 |
Medford, OR |
1.04 | 370 |
Memphis, TN-MS-AR |
0.50 | 1,290 |
Merced, CA |
0.41 | 130 |
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
0.97 | 10,510 |
Michigan City-La Porte, IN |
1.53 | 250 |
Midland, MI |
0.59 | 90 |
Midland, TX |
0.79 | 340 |
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI |
1.88 | 6,240 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI |
1.36 | 10,650 |
Missoula, MT |
2.77 | 710 |
Mobile, AL |
0.57 | 400 |
Modesto, CA |
0.70 | 550 |
Monroe, LA |
0.75 | 230 |
Monroe, MI |
1.21 | 190 |
Montgomery, AL |
0.40 | 260 |
Morgantown, WV |
1.17 | 310 |
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA |
0.97 | 200 |
Muncie, IN |
0.86 | 160 |
Muskegon, MI |
1.41 | 360 |
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC |
2.10 | 1,500 |
Napa, CA |
1.48 | 460 |
Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL |
1.55 | 1,010 |
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN |
0.77 | 3,290 |
New Bedford, MA |
1.51 | 410 |
New Bern, NC |
0.75 | 140 |
New Haven, CT |
0.98 | 1,160 |
New Orleans-Metairie, LA |
1.78 | 3,830 |
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
0.77 | 29,360 |
Niles-Benton Harbor, MI |
1.60 | 390 |
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL |
1.32 | 1,700 |
Norwich-New London-Westerly, CT-RI |
1.75 | 870 |
Ocala, FL |
0.98 | 450 |
Ocean City, NJ |
2.89 | 480 |
Odessa, TX |
1.03 | 310 |
Ogden-Clearfield, UT |
0.38 | 440 |
Oklahoma City, OK |
0.98 | 2,550 |
Olympia-Tumwater, WA |
0.95 | 480 |
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA |
1.70 | 3,330 |
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL |
1.24 | 6,690 |
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI |
1.95 | 740 |
Owensboro, KY |
0.52 | 110 |
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA |
0.84 | 1,090 |
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL |
1.29 | 1,220 |
Panama City, FL |
1.59 | 540 |
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV |
1.09 | 160 |
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL |
1.25 | 940 |
Peoria, IL |
1.54 | 1,030 |
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
0.95 | 10,910 |
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ |
0.90 | 8,250 |
Pittsburgh, PA |
1.39 | 6,070 |
Pittsfield, MA |
1.56 | 250 |
Pocatello, ID |
1.22 | 180 |
Port St. Lucie, FL |
1.22 | 790 |
Portland-South Portland, ME |
1.53 | 1,290 |
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA |
1.17 | 5,700 |
Portsmouth, NH-ME |
1.65 | 620 |
Prescott, AZ |
1.68 | 460 |
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA |
1.14 | 2,650 |
Provo-Orem, UT |
0.20 | 230 |
Pueblo, CO |
1.18 | 310 |
Punta Gorda, FL |
1.70 | 360 |
Racine, WI |
2.01 | 610 |
Raleigh, NC |
0.87 | 2,420 |
Rapid City, SD |
2.04 | 590 |
Reading, PA |
1.31 | 900 |
Redding, CA |
0.84 | 240 |
Reno, NV |
1.49 | 1,540 |
Richmond, VA |
0.70 | 1,820 |
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA |
0.64 | 4,360 |
Roanoke, VA |
0.55 | 330 |
Rochester, MN |
1.62 | 790 |
Rochester, NY |
0.94 | 1,890 |
Rockford, IL |
1.34 | 760 |
Rocky Mount, NC |
0.39 | 90 |
Rome, GA |
0.55 | 90 |
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
0.82 | 3,490 |
Saginaw, MI |
0.96 | 310 |
Salem, OR |
1.13 | 820 |
Salinas, CA |
0.81 | 610 |
Salisbury, MD-DE |
2.22 | 1,500 |
Salt Lake City, UT |
0.57 | 1,830 |
San Angelo, TX |
1.14 | 230 |
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX |
1.00 | 4,350 |
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA |
1.07 | 6,580 |
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
0.85 | 8,450 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
0.55 | 2,540 |
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA |
1.28 | 630 |
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA |
1.30 | 520 |
Santa Fe, NM |
1.09 | 270 |
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA |
1.28 | 1,090 |
Santa Rosa, CA |
1.09 | 920 |
Savannah, GA |
1.32 | 1,020 |
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA |
1.08 | 1,110 |
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
0.92 | 7,770 |
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL |
1.44 | 330 |
Sebring, FL |
1.25 | 140 |
Sheboygan, WI |
1.81 | 440 |
Sherman-Denison, TX |
0.72 | 140 |
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA |
0.98 | 680 |
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ |
1.32 | 180 |
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD |
1.39 | 500 |
Sioux Falls, SD |
1.45 | 970 |
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI |
1.09 | 570 |
Spartanburg, SC |
0.52 | 330 |
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA |
0.95 | 990 |
Springfield, IL |
1.59 | 670 |
Springfield, MA-CT |
1.37 | 1,810 |
Springfield, MO |
0.96 | 850 |
Springfield, OH |
0.87 | 170 |
St. Cloud, MN |
1.68 | 700 |
St. George, UT |
0.57 | 190 |
St. Joseph, MO-KS |
0.95 | 210 |
St. Louis, MO-IL |
1.25 | 6,770 |
State College, PA |
1.37 | 370 |
Staunton-Waynesboro, VA |
0.65 | 130 |
Stockton-Lodi, CA |
0.44 | 500 |
Sumter, SC |
0.45 | 70 |
Syracuse, NY |
1.03 | 1,230 |
Tallahassee, FL |
0.99 | 720 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL |
1.31 | 7,390 |
Terre Haute, IN |
1.45 | 380 |
Texarkana, TX-AR |
0.65 | 150 |
The Villages, FL |
1.18 | 180 |
Toledo, OH |
1.06 | 1,250 |
Topeka, KS |
0.75 | 350 |
Trenton, NJ |
0.57 | 560 |
Tucson, AZ |
1.17 | 1,830 |
Tulsa, OK |
1.09 | 1,930 |
Tuscaloosa, AL |
0.82 | 340 |
Twin Falls, ID |
0.93 | 180 |
Tyler, TX |
0.61 | 270 |
Urban Honolulu, HI |
1.22 | 2,150 |
Utica-Rome, NY |
1.25 | 590 |
Valdosta, GA |
0.92 | 200 |
Vallejo-Fairfield, CA |
0.70 | 400 |
Victoria, TX |
0.98 | 150 |
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ |
0.66 | 170 |
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC |
0.68 | 2,040 |
Visalia-Porterville, CA |
0.33 | 220 |
Waco, TX |
0.81 | 410 |
Walla Walla, WA |
1.28 | 140 |
Warner Robins, GA |
0.77 | 240 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
0.81 | 10,180 |
Waterbury, CT |
1.09 | 300 |
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA |
1.63 | 570 |
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY |
1.53 | 240 |
Wausau, WI |
1.90 | 540 |
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH |
1.47 | 220 |
Wenatchee, WA |
1.54 | 310 |
Wheeling, WV-OH |
1.31 | 320 |
Wichita Falls, TX |
1.16 | 270 |
Wichita, KS |
0.97 | 1,190 |
Williamsport, PA |
1.86 | 370 |
Wilmington, NC |
1.55 | 880 |
Winchester, VA-WV |
0.66 | 170 |
Winston-Salem, NC |
0.71 | 790 |
Worcester, MA-CT |
1.19 | 1,390 |
Yakima, WA |
0.92 | 370 |
York-Hanover, PA |
1.17 | 860 |
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA |
1.24 | 1,020 |
Yuba City, CA |
0.74 | 150 |
Yuma, AZ |
1.17 | 330 |
Employment concentrations for an occupation can be measured with location quotients. A location quotient greater than 1.0 means an occupation’s share of employment in the area is greater than its share of employment in the nation. For example, approximately 15.6 of every 1,000 jobs in the Atlantic City-Hammonton, New Jersey, area were bartender jobs, while at the national level, the number was 4.1 of every 1,000. Dividing 15.6 by 4.1 produces a location quotient of 3.8 for bartenders in the Atlantic City area, the highest concentration among metropolitan areas. Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin, and Ocean City, New Jersey, (each with a location quotient of 2.9) had nearly three times the concentration of bartender jobs as the nation and were also among the metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of this occupation.
Location quotients for bartenders ranged from 2.7 to 2.8 in six other metropolitan areas: Johnstown, Pennsylvania; Grand Forks, North Dakota-Minnesota; Missoula, Montana; La Crosse-Onalaska, Wisconsin-Minnesota; Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, Nevada; and Great Falls, Montana.
Among the metropolitan areas with low location quotients for bartenders were Provo-Orem, Utah; Logan, Utah-Idaho; and Decatur, Alabama (each 0.3 or lower).
Location quotients for bartenders in the nation's largest metropolitan areas in May 2022 were between these extremes: 0.8 in the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas, and 1.1 in the Chicago area.
These data are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program. If you'd like another round, this isn't "olive" the BLS data for bartenders. There's more on tap in the occupational employment and wage estimates for bartenders. Also see the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area occupational employment and wage estimates and the mix of information for bartenders in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. Want to learn more about how location quotients are calculated? See "What is a Location Quotient?", one of the Economics Made Easy classroom handouts.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Three cheers for bartenders on Bartender Appreciation Day at https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2023/three-cheers-for-bartenders-on-bartender-appreciation-day.htm (visited September 15, 2024).