Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Relative Standard Errors

Because the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample design may differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is the standard error. The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. Footnotes have been added for estimates with relative standard errors greater than 30 percent.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year changes, see Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC, which examined how differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, but not from nonsampling errors. Sampling errors are differences between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. Nonsampling errors are not measured and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors. Survey nonresponse is when sample members are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey. Data collection errors include provision of inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing errors include errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data collection reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on which data are recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection standards.

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Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership [Dec. 2022]
Compensation component	Civilian workers(1)		Private industry workers		State and local government workers
Compensation component	Cost ($)	Relative standard error	Cost ($)	Relative standard error	Cost ($)	Relative standard error
Total compensation(2)	42.48	1.1	40.23	1.3	57.60	0.8
Wages and salaries	29.32	1.0	28.37	1.2	35.69	0.7
Total benefits	13.17	1.3	11.86	1.6	21.91	1.0
Paid leave	3.17	1.7	3.01	2.0	4.23	1.6
Vacation	1.55	1.9	1.54	2.1	1.58	2.6
Holiday	0.94	1.9	0.89	2.2	1.21	2.1
Sick	0.50	1.5	0.41	2.1	1.09	1.2
Personal	0.19	2.0	0.16	2.7	0.34	2.5
Supplemental pay	1.37	3.2	1.49	3.4	0.56	4.0
Overtime and premium(3)	0.37	1.8	0.39	1.9	0.25	4.8
Shift differentials	0.07	4.5	0.07	5.0	0.05	6.7
Nonproduction bonuses	0.93	4.6	1.03	4.8	0.26	5.2
Insurance	3.45	1.3	3.00	1.6	6.52	1.0
Life	0.05	1.8	0.04	2.1	0.08	3.3
Health	3.28	1.3	2.82	1.6	6.36	1.0
Short-term disability	0.08	2.8	0.09	2.9	0.03	4.1
Long-term disability	0.05	2.7	0.05	3.1	0.05	3.6
Retirement and savings	2.16	1.9	1.36	3.0	7.48	1.5
Defined benefit	1.26	2.5	0.41	5.9	6.98	1.5
Defined contribution	0.89	3.1	0.95	3.3	0.51	4.8
Legally Required benefits	3.02	0.9	3.01	1.0	3.12	1.2
Social Security and Medicare	2.39	1.0	2.39	1.1	2.45	1.1
Social Security(4)	1.91	1.0	1.91	1.1	1.87	1.4
Medicare	0.49	1.1	0.47	1.3	0.59	0.7
Federal unemployment insurance	0.03	4.0	0.03	4.0	(5)-	(6)-
State unemployment insurance	0.14	4.1	0.15	4.3	0.07	8.6
Workers' compensation	0.46	1.1	0.45	1.2	0.59	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (3) Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule. (4) Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. (5) Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. (6) The relative standard error is not available as the cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2022]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)
Civilian workers(3)	42.48	1.1	29.32	1.0	13.17	1.3	3.17	1.7	1.37	3.2	3.45	1.3	2.16	1.9	3.02	0.9
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	67.86	1.2	46.20	1.2	21.65	1.4	5.97	1.8	2.23	5.1	5.28	1.4	3.98	1.8	4.20	1.0
Management, business and financial	79.20	1.7	53.93	1.7	25.27	2.0	7.78	2.3	3.54	7.1	5.48	1.5	3.69	3.1	4.77	1.0
Professional and related	62.65	1.3	42.66	1.3	19.99	1.7	5.14	2.1	1.63	7.1	5.18	1.7	4.11	2.3	3.93	1.4
Teachers(4)	68.47	2.3	46.21	2.2	22.25	2.8	3.63	3.0	0.29	6.8	6.51	3.1	8.30	3.8	3.53	2.0
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers	66.94	2.9	44.09	2.7	22.85	3.5	3.16	4.9	0.26	7.9	7.05	3.8	9.20	4.7	3.18	2.8
Registered nurses	66.46	1.8	43.80	2.0	22.66	1.8	6.75	3.5	2.55	4.9	5.59	1.9	3.24	4.0	4.53	2.1
Sales and office	31.58	0.9	22.48	1.0	9.09	1.3	2.15	1.7	0.86	3.3	2.70	2.0	1.08	2.6	2.31	1.0
Sales and related	30.30	2.1	23.12	2.1	7.17	2.4	1.76	4.1	0.89	6.2	1.56	3.2	0.66	4.6	2.31	2.1
Office and administrative support	32.52	0.9	22.01	0.8	10.51	1.6	2.44	1.5	0.84	3.7	3.53	2.1	1.39	3.2	2.31	0.8
Service	23.05	1.4	16.86	1.3	6.19	2.1	1.18	2.7	0.49	4.0	1.56	3.0	1.00	5.4	1.95	1.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	42.77	1.6	28.69	1.1	14.07	2.8	2.43	1.9	1.58	2.7	3.66	3.3	2.69	8.2	3.71	1.4
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry	42.93	2.5	28.74	2.0	14.20	4.0	1.89	3.2	1.62	3.5	3.65	5.5	3.07	9.4	3.97	2.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair	42.58	1.5	28.65	1.2	13.93	2.5	3.02	2.3	1.55	3.8	3.67	2.8	2.26	8.6	3.43	1.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	33.17	2.0	22.34	1.7	10.83	2.8	2.05	3.8	1.40	3.8	3.31	2.6	1.30	8.2	2.78	1.3
Production	32.59	2.0	21.66	1.4	10.93	3.2	2.04	3.1	1.82	5.9	3.49	4.2	0.95	5.5	2.62	1.4
Transportation and material moving	33.51	3.0	22.74	2.5	10.77	4.0	2.05	5.6	1.14	3.7	3.21	3.3	1.51	11.1	2.87	1.9
Industry group
Education and health services	48.44	1.4	32.96	1.3	15.48	1.8	3.78	2.2	0.79	4.1	4.37	2.0	3.47	2.9	3.07	0.9
Educational services	59.39	1.2	39.16	1.0	20.23	1.7	3.79	1.6	0.32	4.2	6.12	2.1	6.84	2.7	3.16	1.0
Elementary and secondary schools	58.10	1.1	37.74	0.9	20.36	1.8	3.02	3.8	0.26	4.9	6.47	2.2	7.70	2.3	2.90	1.3
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	67.13	1.6	44.36	1.7	22.77	2.0	5.94	4.1	0.43	5.7	6.35	2.4	6.28	3.1	3.77	1.4
Health care and social assistance	42.22	2.2	29.44	2.1	12.78	2.8	3.78	3.2	1.05	5.1	3.38	3.4	1.56	5.4	3.02	1.3
Hospitals	58.85	3.3	38.84	3.6	20.01	3.0	5.74	4.1	2.13	5.2	5.38	2.8	2.95	6.4	3.82	1.8
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. (3) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (4) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2022]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)
State and local government workers	57.60	0.8	35.69	0.7	21.91	1.0	4.23	1.6	0.56	4.0	6.52	1.0	7.48	1.5	3.12	1.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	68.57	1.0	43.87	1.0	24.70	1.2	4.68	2.2	0.44	4.8	7.11	1.2	9.00	1.7	3.48	1.5
Professional and related	66.63	1.0	42.90	1.0	23.72	1.2	4.15	2.2	0.42	5.0	7.09	1.3	8.71	1.7	3.36	1.5
Teachers(3)	75.23	1.2	49.61	1.2	25.62	1.5	3.59	3.0	0.30	6.1	7.63	1.4	10.57	1.8	3.53	1.9
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers	74.90	1.2	48.65	1.2	26.25	1.6	3.27	3.2	0.28	6.0	8.13	1.9	11.23	2.1	3.34	2.1
Sales and office	40.05	1.6	23.00	1.5	17.05	2.0	3.48	2.2	0.35	8.5	6.19	2.3	4.66	3.5	2.37	1.9
Office and administrative support	40.23	1.7	23.05	1.6	17.18	2.1	3.50	2.2	0.35	8.6	6.26	2.4	4.70	3.6	2.37	1.9
Service	43.14	2.5	24.81	2.2	18.33	3.1	3.61	3.5	0.93	7.0	5.16	2.0	5.97	5.1	2.65	2.5
Industry group
Education and health services	60.01	0.9	38.40	0.8	21.61	1.3	3.82	2.5	0.39	4.7	6.67	1.2	7.70	1.6	3.03	1.5
Educational services	61.39	0.8	39.48	0.7	21.91	1.3	3.63	2.6	0.29	4.7	6.78	1.2	8.20	1.6	3.02	1.5
Elementary and secondary schools	59.71	0.9	38.38	0.8	21.33	1.5	3.01	3.0	0.26	4.5	6.81	1.7	8.36	1.8	2.87	1.4
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	66.74	2.0	42.95	2.2	23.79	2.1	5.58	4.0	0.35	12.1	6.66	3.0	7.72	3.9	3.48	2.8
Health care and social assistance	51.74	3.8	31.92	4.1	19.82	4.0	4.97	5.6	1.03	8.7	6.03	4.6	4.68	6.2	3.11	4.7
Hospitals	54.48	4.6	34.30	4.7	20.19	4.8	5.17	6.1	1.20	9.3	6.01	5.0	4.55	10.3	3.25	5.8
Public administration	55.88	1.6	32.32	1.7	23.56	1.7	5.17	2.2	0.85	6.4	6.48	1.5	7.70	2.9	3.36	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. (3) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group [Dec. 2022]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)
Private industry workers	40.23	1.3	28.37	1.2	11.86	1.6	3.01	2.0	1.49	3.4	3.00	1.6	1.36	3.0	3.01	1.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related occupations	67.64	1.5	46.91	1.5	20.74	1.9	6.36	2.2	2.77	5.3	4.72	1.8	2.47	2.8	4.41	1.3
Management, business, and financial occupations	79.04	1.9	54.40	1.9	24.64	2.3	7.77	2.6	3.89	7.2	5.28	1.7	2.88	3.9	4.83	1.2
Professional and related occupations	61.02	1.8	42.55	1.7	18.46	2.5	5.55	2.7	2.13	7.5	4.40	2.4	2.22	3.5	4.17	1.9
Sales and office occupations	30.82	1.1	22.44	1.1	8.39	1.5	2.03	2.1	0.91	3.4	2.38	2.4	0.76	3.8	2.30	1.1
Sales and related occupations	30.27	2.1	23.13	2.1	7.14	2.4	1.75	4.1	0.90	6.2	1.55	3.3	0.64	4.7	2.31	2.1
Office and administrative support occupations	31.29	1.1	21.84	0.9	9.44	1.9	2.27	1.8	0.91	3.9	3.10	2.6	0.87	4.9	2.30	0.9
Service occupations	20.21	1.7	15.73	1.6	4.48	2.5	0.84	3.7	0.43	4.5	1.06	4.4	0.30	8.3	1.86	1.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	42.25	1.7	28.66	1.2	13.59	3.0	2.28	2.2	1.64	2.7	3.44	3.6	2.47	9.1	3.76	1.5
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	42.47	2.7	28.75	2.1	13.72	4.3	1.70	3.9	1.69	3.4	3.41	6.1	2.89	10.3	4.03	2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	42.02	1.5	28.57	1.2	13.45	2.8	2.91	2.5	1.58	3.9	3.48	3.2	2.02	10.2	3.46	1.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	32.77	2.0	22.21	1.7	10.56	2.9	2.01	3.9	1.41	3.9	3.22	2.7	1.16	9.0	2.77	1.3
Production occupations	32.30	2.0	21.53	1.4	10.77	3.3	2.00	3.1	1.83	5.9	3.44	4.3	0.87	5.7	2.62	1.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	33.07	3.1	22.64	2.6	10.43	4.2	2.01	5.9	1.15	3.8	3.07	3.4	1.34	12.7	2.86	1.9
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3)	43.07	1.8	29.14	1.7	13.93	2.3	2.76	2.7	2.07	2.7	3.76	2.6	1.86	6.8	3.47	1.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	71.24	1.7	48.82	1.6	22.42	2.3	6.36	2.3	3.20	6.5	5.02	1.7	3.10	4.8	4.73	1.5
Management, business, and financial occupations	74.69	1.6	52.17	1.4	22.53	2.2	6.64	2.4	3.16	5.5	4.89	2.2	2.90	5.6	4.94	1.6
Professional and related occupations	67.34	3.2	45.04	3.1	22.30	3.8	6.05	4.2	3.25	10.1	5.17	2.9	3.33	5.6	4.50	2.8
Sales and office occupations	36.80	2.9	26.48	3.0	10.32	3.3	2.33	4.6	1.25	6.5	3.04	4.6	0.88	6.5	2.82	2.4
Office and administrative support occupations	33.20	1.4	23.66	1.3	9.54	2.4	2.07	2.9	1.12	4.2	3.00	4.7	0.77	6.9	2.58	1.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	42.58	2.3	28.76	1.7	13.82	3.9	1.88	3.6	1.86	3.3	3.43	5.6	2.66	10.1	3.99	1.9
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing and forestry occupations	42.39	2.7	28.68	2.1	13.71	4.3	1.63	4.3	1.75	3.5	3.34	6.3	2.90	10.5	4.08	2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	43.23	2.8	29.03	1.8	14.19	5.2	2.72	4.1	2.24	6.3	3.72	7.3	1.84	15.8	3.67	2.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	33.77	1.6	22.20	1.2	11.57	2.7	2.09	2.5	1.99	5.3	3.74	3.8	1.00	5.2	2.75	1.2
Production occupations	33.82	1.9	22.12	1.4	11.70	3.3	2.15	2.7	2.05	6.2	3.86	4.4	0.95	5.7	2.70	1.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	33.55	2.9	22.50	2.8	11.04	3.5	1.84	3.9	1.77	3.3	3.28	4.6	1.20	10.7	2.96	2.6
Construction industry	43.58	2.6	30.51	2.3	13.07	3.8	2.03	4.8	1.63	3.8	3.19	5.0	2.24	8.9	3.99	2.1
Manufacturing industry	42.78	1.9	28.38	1.8	14.40	2.4	3.22	3.1	2.29	4.0	4.10	2.7	1.64	7.1	3.16	1.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	73.73	2.1	49.82	1.9	23.91	2.8	6.89	2.8	3.43	8.0	5.40	2.1	3.47	5.4	4.74	1.7
Management, business, and financial occupations	78.95	2.4	54.29	2.2	24.66	3.1	7.51	3.0	3.44	7.3	5.40	2.3	3.34	7.5	4.98	2.3
Professional and related occupations	69.28	3.4	46.01	3.4	23.27	4.0	6.36	4.3	3.42	10.6	5.39	3.0	3.57	5.6	4.53	3.0
Sales and office occupations	36.63	4.2	25.58	4.2	11.04	4.8	2.60	6.6	1.51	8.3	3.26	5.0	1.03	7.4	2.64	3.6
Office and administrative support occupations	33.44	1.9	23.11	1.5	10.33	3.3	2.31	3.6	1.32	5.9	3.37	5.7	0.92	8.5	2.41	1.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	47.14	3.8	29.40	2.3	17.74	7.5	3.19	4.5	2.81	9.4	4.83	10.5	3.21	24.4	3.70	2.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	46.32	3.1	30.01	1.7	16.30	6.2	3.34	3.8	2.74	8.0	4.64	10.1	1.92	12.8	3.65	2.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	33.13	1.5	21.66	1.0	11.47	2.8	2.12	2.5	1.99	5.7	3.77	3.8	0.93	4.2	2.66	1.0
Production occupations	33.42	1.8	21.79	1.0	11.63	3.3	2.16	2.7	2.04	6.4	3.86	4.3	0.91	4.8	2.66	1.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	31.60	2.5	20.97	2.2	10.62	3.6	1.92	4.3	1.71	4.9	3.31	4.7	1.02	9.5	2.67	2.2
Aircraft manufacturing industry	82.16	3.1	50.40	3.3	31.76	3.0	7.79	4.7	5.53	3.3	8.00	1.6	5.28	4.9	5.16	2.4
Service-providing industries(4)	39.67	1.5	28.22	1.3	11.46	2.0	3.06	2.3	1.37	4.3	2.85	2.0	1.26	3.4	2.92	1.2
Management, professional, and related occupations	67.25	1.7	46.70	1.6	20.55	2.1	6.36	2.4	2.73	5.9	4.69	2.0	2.39	3.2	4.38	1.4
Management, business, and financial occupations	79.76	2.2	54.77	2.2	24.99	2.6	7.95	2.9	4.01	8.1	5.34	2.0	2.87	4.6	4.82	1.3
Professional and related occupations	60.52	2.0	42.36	1.9	18.16	2.7	5.51	2.9	2.04	8.4	4.34	2.6	2.14	3.9	4.14	2.0
Sales and office occupations	30.38	1.1	22.13	1.2	8.24	1.6	2.01	2.2	0.88	3.7	2.34	2.5	0.76	3.9	2.26	1.2
Sales and related occupations	29.64	2.2	22.68	2.2	6.96	2.4	1.70	4.3	0.87	6.4	1.50	3.4	0.62	4.8	2.26	2.2
Office and administrative support occupations	31.06	1.2	21.63	1.0	9.43	2.1	2.29	2.0	0.89	4.4	3.11	2.9	0.88	5.3	2.26	1.0
Service occupations	20.18	1.7	15.72	1.6	4.46	2.6	0.83	3.7	0.43	4.6	1.05	4.5	0.29	8.4	1.85	1.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	41.78	2.6	28.53	1.7	13.25	4.9	2.86	2.9	1.31	4.6	3.46	4.9	2.20	18.0	3.43	2.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	41.55	2.0	28.39	1.6	13.15	3.5	2.98	3.1	1.32	4.4	3.39	4.2	2.09	12.7	3.37	1.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	32.21	3.1	22.22	2.6	9.99	4.3	1.96	6.0	1.09	3.9	2.92	3.7	1.25	13.0	2.77	1.9
Production occupations	27.61	4.6	19.72	3.5	7.89	7.6	1.57	9.8	1.14	12.4	2.18	9.9	0.64	14.3	2.36	3.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	33.01	3.5	22.66	3.0	10.35	4.7	2.03	6.6	1.08	4.3	3.04	3.8	1.36	14.1	2.85	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities industry	34.17	1.9	24.35	1.6	9.82	2.7	2.25	3.5	1.07	3.0	2.55	2.6	1.25	7.3	2.70	1.2
Management, professional, and related occupations	65.94	3.6	47.27	3.5	18.67	3.8	5.88	4.2	2.26	7.8	3.89	3.7	2.31	6.4	4.32	2.9
Management, business, and financial occupations	75.95	3.5	54.12	3.6	21.82	3.3	7.04	3.9	2.93	7.8	4.40	2.9	2.68	7.0	4.76	2.6
Professional and related occupations	52.67	5.1	38.19	4.7	14.48	6.4	4.35	7.4	1.37	10.6	3.22	7.1	1.81	10.1	3.73	4.1
Sales and office occupations	26.41	2.0	20.00	2.0	6.41	2.2	1.45	4.0	0.71	4.1	1.55	3.2	0.60	5.0	2.09	1.6
Sales and related occupations	25.03	2.4	19.47	2.4	5.56	2.7	1.25	5.8	0.69	5.0	1.14	2.6	0.48	5.8	2.01	1.8
Office and administrative support occupations	31.38	1.4	21.93	1.3	9.45	2.2	2.17	2.7	0.81	6.4	3.05	3.7	1.05	6.9	2.37	1.3
Service occupations	21.89	2.6	16.25	2.1	5.64	4.5	1.07	6.5	0.62	9.8	1.39	6.6	0.64	8.3	1.92	2.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	45.97	2.7	30.71	2.3	15.26	3.8	3.33	4.2	1.64	5.1	3.89	4.9	2.70	7.9	3.70	2.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	46.37	2.9	31.08	2.4	15.29	4.2	3.39	4.5	1.68	6.1	3.86	5.3	2.64	8.6	3.71	2.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	35.17	3.3	23.83	2.9	11.34	4.2	2.26	6.2	1.17	4.0	3.34	3.1	1.60	12.7	2.97	1.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	35.32	3.5	23.95	3.1	11.38	4.5	2.27	6.6	1.15	4.3	3.35	3.3	1.63	13.6	2.99	1.7
Wholesale trade industry	46.35	3.0	33.03	3.0	13.33	3.2	3.60	4.0	1.79	3.8	3.09	3.8	1.45	6.4	3.39	2.4
Sales and office occupations	47.80	5.0	34.87	5.4	12.93	4.5	3.60	6.9	1.52	6.4	2.99	3.8	1.49	9.4	3.33	4.3
Office and administrative support occupations	32.52	2.3	22.97	2.3	9.55	3.0	2.38	4.9	1.14	7.5	2.84	3.4	0.79	7.6	2.40	2.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	30.37	3.4	20.95	2.9	9.42	5.0	1.87	5.9	1.35	5.2	2.65	6.6	0.86	11.5	2.69	2.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	30.28	4.1	20.91	3.5	9.36	6.1	1.84	6.9	1.30	6.3	2.60	7.7	0.92	13.7	2.69	3.1
Retail trade industry	23.98	1.3	18.39	1.1	5.59	2.0	1.22	3.4	0.62	4.1	1.33	2.7	0.41	3.9	2.00	0.9
Sales and office occupations	20.94	1.1	16.51	1.0	4.43	1.9	0.89	2.5	0.53	6.9	0.97	3.2	0.28	4.8	1.77	0.9
Sales and related occupations	20.47	1.1	16.23	1.0	4.24	1.9	0.82	2.7	0.53	7.2	0.88	3.4	0.26	5.1	1.75	0.8
Office and administrative support occupations	25.77	2.4	19.39	1.9	6.38	5.5	1.58	6.4	0.53	12.9	1.85	10.3	0.40	10.0	2.03	2.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	22.81	1.0	16.66	0.8	6.15	1.8	1.18	2.7	0.57	4.4	1.85	2.9	0.56	5.3	1.99	1.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	22.54	1.0	16.51	0.8	6.03	2.0	1.16	2.7	0.55	4.6	1.81	3.2	0.54	5.8	1.97	1.2
Transportation and warehousing industry	43.75	4.6	28.89	4.1	14.85	5.6	3.07	7.8	1.37	5.8	4.46	5.0	2.42	13.6	3.53	2.7
Utilities industry	75.65	2.1	46.45	2.2	29.20	2.4	6.83	3.6	2.60	9.0	7.18	3.0	7.47	4.4	5.12	1.9
Information industry	68.31	3.1	44.63	2.7	23.68	4.3	6.78	5.3	3.19	6.6	6.09	3.9	3.37	10.5	4.26	2.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	86.85	3.0	57.56	2.8	29.30	4.2	9.22	6.5	4.47	7.3	7.03	4.0	3.35	8.0	5.24	2.3
Professional and related occupations	82.09	5.3	54.14	5.2	27.95	6.1	8.60	10.9	4.03	9.6	6.94	4.1	3.30	10.0	5.08	3.7
Sales and office occupations	44.58	5.6	29.11	5.6	15.47	9.3	3.79	7.9	1.68	12.3	4.95	10.2	2.14	29.6	2.91	4.8
Financial activities industry	56.23	1.9	37.31	1.9	18.92	2.5	5.07	2.4	3.54	7.8	4.79	1.8	2.02	3.4	3.49	1.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	83.20	1.7	54.27	1.8	28.93	3.3	8.16	2.3	6.27	11.6	6.31	1.2	3.32	3.3	4.87	1.2
Management, business, and financial occupations	83.88	2.2	54.79	2.0	29.09	4.5	8.19	3.2	6.63	14.8	6.23	1.7	3.22	3.6	4.82	1.4
Professional and related occupations	80.82	2.9	52.43	2.9	28.40	3.0	8.06	3.0	5.04	6.3	6.59	1.7	3.69	5.0	5.01	2.3
Sales and office occupations	39.68	2.2	26.85	2.2	12.83	2.4	3.19	3.4	1.86	8.9	3.97	2.0	1.26	4.4	2.54	1.5
Sales and related occupations	51.45	5.8	36.60	6.0	14.85	6.5	4.06	8.3	2.66	21.7	3.39	5.9	1.64	9.5	3.09	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	34.76	1.1	22.77	1.0	11.98	1.6	2.83	1.6	1.52	4.0	4.21	2.0	1.11	2.8	2.31	1.1
Finance and insurance industry	63.47	2.1	41.56	2.2	21.91	2.7	5.89	2.4	4.37	8.3	5.41	1.4	2.47	3.1	3.76	1.7
Credit intermediation and related activities industry	57.03	2.6	37.46	2.7	19.57	2.9	5.46	3.0	3.50	8.4	5.08	1.6	2.09	2.7	3.44	2.3
Insurance carriers and related activities industry	56.80	2.9	37.07	2.8	19.73	3.2	5.14	3.5	3.30	6.2	5.30	2.6	2.39	5.2	3.59	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing industry	35.25	4.3	25.02	3.7	10.23	6.3	2.70	7.1	1.12	13.6	3.00	7.7	0.71	11.9	2.71	3.7
Professional and business services industry	49.66	3.5	35.41	3.1	14.25	4.9	4.00	5.9	2.11	11.0	3.33	4.2	1.29	7.4	3.53	3.2
Management, professional, and related occupations	74.08	2.8	51.82	2.6	22.27	4.2	6.86	4.8	3.54	11.1	4.78	4.2	2.22	6.4	4.86	2.5
Management, business, and financial occupations	84.64	3.4	58.46	3.5	26.19	4.1	8.48	4.7	4.43	13.2	5.45	4.2	2.67	6.0	5.15	2.4
Professional and related occupations	66.78	3.5	47.22	3.2	19.56	6.1	5.74	5.9	2.92	18.2	4.32	5.7	1.91	9.1	4.66	4.1
Sales and office occupations	33.21	3.4	24.53	4.1	8.68	3.6	2.17	4.1	0.88	13.1	2.55	5.2	0.61	7.7	2.47	3.7
Office and administrative support occupations	30.34	2.8	21.91	2.3	8.43	4.9	2.08	5.9	0.93	13.9	2.62	5.8	0.55	9.3	2.25	2.2
Service occupations	23.51	5.0	18.09	5.1	5.42	6.4	1.04	9.7	0.71	14.9	1.40	10.3	0.16	17.4	2.10	5.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	26.16	5.3	19.28	4.2	6.88	9.4	1.20	14.8	1.09	14.1	1.92	12.4	0.33	24.1	2.34	4.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	27.08	5.4	19.89	4.8	7.19	8.9	1.17	13.4	1.10	17.5	2.11	11.2	0.35	25.0	2.46	5.5
Professional, scientific, and technical services industry	65.33	4.0	45.95	3.6	19.38	5.6	5.87	5.4	3.00	15.2	4.34	4.3	1.86	7.7	4.31	3.2
Administrative and waste services industry	29.79	7.8	22.48	7.9	7.32	7.8	1.53	6.8	0.84	10.0	1.92	6.9	0.46	24.9	2.57	9.6
Education and health services industry	42.93	2.0	30.37	1.9	12.56	2.6	3.77	3.1	0.97	5.2	3.28	3.2	1.46	5.1	3.09	1.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	57.90	3.0	40.65	3.0	17.25	3.3	5.51	4.2	1.35	5.8	4.28	3.5	2.20	5.1	3.92	2.2
Management, business, and financial occupations	71.86	12.4	50.73	12.4	21.13	12.5	8.02	14.9	0.97	26.0	4.89	8.5	2.84	20.1	4.41	6.9
Professional and related occupations	56.23	2.4	39.44	2.4	16.79	3.0	5.21	3.6	1.40	5.4	4.20	3.5	2.12	5.5	3.86	2.1
Sales and office occupations	30.95	3.8	21.98	4.2	8.96	4.3	2.51	6.4	0.42	8.2	2.90	6.8	0.77	8.1	2.37	5.0
Office and administrative support occupations	29.67	2.5	20.92	2.3	8.75	4.2	2.39	4.6	0.44	7.5	2.90	7.1	0.78	7.5	2.24	2.5
Service occupations	23.93	2.5	17.43	2.0	6.49	4.1	1.48	4.6	0.59	5.9	1.82	5.9	0.55	14.0	2.06	2.2
Educational services industry	52.93	4.3	38.12	3.7	14.81	6.3	4.34	9.3	0.40	13.6	4.01	7.0	2.44	7.7	3.62	3.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	58.44	4.5	42.32	3.8	16.12	6.4	4.83	9.7	0.42	15.3	4.25	7.5	2.70	7.6	3.93	3.7
Management, business, and financial occupations	72.64	8.7	51.24	8.5	21.40	9.8	8.13	11.6	(5)0.68	32.0	4.90	11.2	3.24	10.6	4.45	6.6
Professional and related occupations	55.32	4.0	40.36	3.5	14.96	5.8	4.10	8.8	0.36	14.6	4.11	7.4	2.58	8.1	3.81	3.5
Sales and office occupations	32.18	6.5	22.04	4.2	10.14	12.1	2.64	13.9	0.25	14.9	3.60	16.3	1.41	16.2	2.24	4.8
Office and administrative support occupations	32.11	6.6	21.98	4.3	10.13	12.2	2.64	14.0	0.24	15.3	3.60	16.4	1.41	16.3	2.24	4.9
Service occupations	28.04	7.5	20.11	8.7	7.93	8.8	1.86	12.7	0.34	14.2	2.13	12.8	1.22	15.1	2.38	10.9
Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professional schools industry	67.83	3.1	46.85	2.8	20.99	4.6	6.56	9.5	0.57	7.5	5.81	3.4	3.75	3.6	4.30	2.8
Health care and social assistance industry	41.48	2.3	29.24	2.1	12.23	2.9	3.68	3.4	1.05	5.6	3.17	3.6	1.31	6.3	3.01	1.4
Registered nurse occupations	66.96	1.9	44.39	2.1	22.57	2.0	6.94	4.0	2.66	5.0	5.44	2.4	2.86	4.2	4.67	2.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	57.77	3.5	40.25	3.6	17.52	3.8	5.67	4.6	1.57	6.5	4.28	4.0	2.08	6.2	3.91	2.5
Professional and related occupations	56.42	2.8	39.25	2.8	17.18	3.3	5.45	3.9	1.62	5.9	4.22	3.9	2.02	6.7	3.87	2.4
Sales and office occupations	30.82	4.2	21.97	4.6	8.84	4.6	2.50	6.9	0.44	8.7	2.82	7.4	0.70	9.0	2.38	5.5
Office and administrative support occupations	29.40	2.6	20.81	2.6	8.59	4.5	2.36	4.9	0.46	7.9	2.82	7.8	0.71	8.5	2.24	2.7
Service occupations	23.78	2.6	17.34	2.1	6.44	4.2	1.46	4.8	0.60	6.0	1.81	6.1	0.53	15.1	2.05	2.2
Hospitals industry	59.70	3.9	39.73	4.2	19.97	3.5	5.85	4.7	2.31	5.7	5.26	3.4	2.63	6.9	3.93	1.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	71.20	5.2	47.79	5.6	23.41	4.6	7.18	6.0	2.71	7.2	5.75	3.6	3.18	8.4	4.60	2.6
Registered nurse occupations	68.99	1.4	44.93	1.2	24.07	1.9	7.05	3.1	3.06	5.0	6.02	3.4	3.24	4.6	4.69	1.6
Service occupations	31.57	2.4	20.04	1.5	11.53	4.2	2.50	3.0	1.57	5.0	3.74	7.5	1.40	11.1	2.31	1.6
Nursing and residential care facilities industry	28.80	1.6	20.91	1.8	7.89	1.9	2.07	3.0	0.75	4.4	2.27	2.8	0.45	6.5	2.36	1.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	43.21	2.2	31.25	2.3	11.96	2.9	3.58	3.8	1.12	6.1	3.15	4.0	0.86	10.1	3.25	2.1
Service occupations	23.05	1.2	16.79	1.0	6.26	2.4	1.45	2.7	0.63	4.6	1.89	4.6	0.28	9.0	2.01	1.4
Nursing care facilities industry	32.04	2.7	23.04	2.5	9.00	3.8	2.33	4.9	0.94	7.2	2.67	4.1	0.50	13.4	2.56	2.7
Management, professional, and related occupations	47.05	2.2	34.28	2.7	12.78	2.6	3.75	4.1	1.36	8.7	3.33	3.4	0.78	9.2	3.54	2.5
Service occupations	24.33	2.4	17.25	1.7	7.08	4.5	1.58	4.6	0.75	7.3	2.31	5.7	0.36	19.5	2.07	2.7
Leisure and hospitality industry	18.40	2.2	14.98	1.9	3.42	3.9	0.56	9.3	0.26	8.0	0.67	7.9	0.18	10.3	1.74	2.0
Sales and office occupations	20.55	6.2	15.99	4.5	4.56	14.1	0.92	15.2	0.25	20.1	1.42	29.3	0.25	23.6	1.71	5.3
Service occupations	16.49	1.9	13.67	1.7	2.82	3.2	0.36	8.5	0.23	7.7	0.47	8.7	0.14	10.6	1.62	2.2
Accommodation and food services industry	17.31	2.6	14.20	2.3	3.11	4.2	0.44	10.2	0.26	9.9	0.59	8.3	0.15	10.9	1.67	2.5
Other services industry	34.89	6.6	26.10	6.0	8.80	8.6	2.47	12.3	0.47	13.2	1.93	8.0	1.22	24.3	2.70	4.0
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status [Dec. 2022]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)
Union workers	54.34	2.4	32.71	2.5	21.63	2.5	3.91	4.3	2.08	4.5	7.03	1.8	4.62	5.9	3.99	1.7
Goods-producing industries(3)	53.98	2.7	31.36	2.3	22.62	3.9	2.94	4.2	2.71	7.7	7.61	3.5	5.15	10.2	4.20	3.1
Manufacturing industry	46.63	3.2	26.48	2.4	20.15	4.7	3.27	4.2	3.10	9.9	7.34	4.9	3.04	14.0	3.40	2.8
Service-providing industries(4)	54.52	3.3	33.38	3.5	21.14	3.3	4.39	5.2	1.76	4.8	6.75	2.1	4.36	7.3	3.88	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities industry	53.43	5.2	32.78	5.6	20.65	4.8	4.10	7.6	1.72	6.0	6.58	3.0	4.44	9.9	3.81	3.1
Retail trade industry	26.28	2.1	16.74	1.5	9.54	3.8	1.57	3.4	0.65	4.9	3.44	4.0	1.74	10.5	2.14	1.8
Transportation and warehousing industry	62.87	6.3	38.79	6.8	24.08	5.9	4.98	9.1	2.04	7.9	7.61	3.9	5.09	13.4	4.36	3.3
Education and health services industry	63.58	2.8	38.83	3.0	24.75	3.2	5.83	3.5	2.25	8.4	7.85	3.3	4.44	6.9	4.37	2.6
Health care and social assistance industry	63.14	3.0	38.21	3.2	24.93	3.4	5.88	3.6	2.47	8.4	7.77	3.5	4.46	7.6	4.36	2.8

Nonunion workers	38.96	1.3	27.98	1.2	10.99	1.7	2.93	2.1	1.43	3.7	2.63	1.8	1.07	2.7	2.92	1.1
Goods-producing industries(3)	40.89	1.8	28.69	1.7	12.20	2.0	2.73	3.1	1.95	2.8	3.00	2.0	1.20	4.5	3.33	1.3
Manufacturing industries	42.03	2.1	28.74	2.0	13.29	2.6	3.21	3.5	2.13	4.3	3.47	2.2	1.36	6.0	3.12	1.6
Service-providing industries(4)	38.63	1.5	27.85	1.3	10.77	2.0	2.96	2.3	1.34	4.6	2.57	2.2	1.05	3.2	2.85	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities industries	31.25	1.3	23.07	1.3	8.18	1.7	1.97	2.7	0.97	3.6	1.94	2.1	0.76	4.1	2.54	0.9
Retail trade industries	23.83	1.3	18.50	1.2	5.33	1.8	1.20	3.6	0.62	4.3	1.19	2.5	0.33	2.5	1.99	1.0
Transportation and warehousing industries	33.92	3.0	23.80	2.6	10.11	4.6	2.09	6.0	1.03	9.4	2.84	7.2	1.04	11.1	3.10	2.5
Education and health services industries	41.58	2.0	29.81	2.0	11.76	2.6	3.63	3.2	0.89	5.5	2.98	3.5	1.26	4.9	3.01	1.3
Health care and social assistance industries	40.02	2.3	28.64	2.2	11.38	2.9	3.54	3.4	0.96	5.9	2.86	4.0	1.10	6.2	2.92	1.5

Full-time workers	46.30	1.1	31.94	1.1	14.35	1.4	3.73	1.7	1.85	3.3	3.76	1.2	1.70	2.9	3.31	0.9
Occupational group
Management, professional and related occupations	69.71	1.6	47.92	1.6	21.79	1.8	6.69	1.9	2.96	5.4	5.08	1.5	2.62	2.9	4.45	1.2
Management, business, and financial occupations	79.87	1.9	54.90	1.9	24.96	2.2	7.88	2.5	3.95	7.2	5.35	1.7	2.92	3.9	4.87	1.1
Professional and related occupations	62.90	2.0	43.23	1.9	19.67	2.5	5.90	2.5	2.29	8.0	4.90	1.9	2.41	3.7	4.17	1.7
Sales and office occupations	35.73	1.1	25.27	1.2	10.46	1.2	2.65	1.7	1.15	3.5	3.13	1.8	1.00	3.4	2.53	1.2
Sales and related occupations	40.86	2.6	30.20	2.8	10.66	2.3	2.86	3.9	1.39	7.2	2.51	2.3	1.03	4.7	2.86	2.7
Office and administrative support occupations	32.86	1.0	22.51	0.8	10.35	1.9	2.53	1.6	1.02	3.9	3.47	2.3	0.97	4.9	2.35	0.9
Service occupations	24.15	1.6	17.75	1.6	6.40	2.3	1.36	3.3	0.70	4.3	1.86	3.4	0.47	6.8	2.01	1.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	42.98	1.7	29.02	1.3	13.96	2.9	2.35	2.2	1.68	2.8	3.59	3.5	2.55	8.9	3.80	1.5
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	42.84	2.6	28.90	2.2	13.94	4.0	1.73	3.6	1.71	3.6	3.52	5.9	2.93	9.6	4.06	2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	43.13	1.6	29.15	1.2	13.98	2.8	3.03	2.4	1.65	3.9	3.66	3.0	2.12	10.5	3.51	1.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	35.36	2.2	23.59	1.9	11.77	2.9	2.30	4.0	1.63	3.7	3.67	2.4	1.30	9.7	2.88	1.4
Production occupations	33.11	1.9	21.92	1.4	11.19	3.2	2.09	3.0	1.90	6.0	3.62	4.0	0.92	5.7	2.66	1.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	37.26	3.6	24.99	3.2	12.26	4.5	2.47	6.5	1.40	2.9	3.71	3.0	1.62	14.2	3.06	2.1
Industry group
Goods-producing industries(3)	43.66	1.8	29.44	1.8	14.22	2.2	2.83	2.7	2.11	2.8	3.87	2.5	1.90	6.4	3.50	1.6
Construction industry	44.11	2.7	30.75	2.3	13.36	3.7	2.08	4.8	1.66	3.9	3.29	4.9	2.31	8.9	4.02	2.1
Manufacturing industry	43.41	1.9	28.72	1.8	14.69	2.3	3.30	3.1	2.33	3.9	4.21	2.7	1.66	6.8	3.19	1.4
Service-providing industries(4)	47.00	1.3	32.61	1.3	14.39	1.7	3.97	1.9	1.78	4.3	3.73	1.5	1.64	3.3	3.26	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities industry	41.64	1.9	28.91	1.8	12.73	2.5	3.10	3.3	1.43	2.6	3.40	2.3	1.68	7.5	3.11	1.1
Information industry	73.56	3.1	47.75	2.8	25.81	4.2	7.29	5.1	3.52	6.6	6.73	2.8	3.74	10.8	4.52	2.5
Financial activities industry	58.01	1.9	38.33	1.9	19.68	2.5	5.29	2.3	3.71	8.0	5.00	1.7	2.11	3.2	3.57	1.6
Professional and business services industry	53.05	3.7	37.33	3.4	15.72	4.8	4.53	5.4	2.34	10.9	3.76	3.7	1.47	7.5	3.62	3.0
Education and health services industry	45.99	2.2	31.87	2.1	14.12	2.7	4.25	3.0	1.06	5.5	3.96	2.8	1.68	5.2	3.17	1.4
Leisure and hospitality industry	24.57	3.7	18.91	3.4	5.66	5.8	1.19	11.0	0.53	9.9	1.48	7.4	0.40	13.0	2.05	3.0
Other services industry	41.18	7.6	29.93	7.1	11.25	9.3	3.32	12.8	0.61	13.4	2.62	8.0	1.68	25.0	3.01	4.3

Part-time workers	22.05	2.7	17.65	2.9	4.39	2.7	0.84	6.4	0.40	6.1	0.70	6.0	0.35	7.1	2.10	2.9
Occupational group
Management, professional and related occupations	49.60	5.8	38.10	6.2	11.49	6.6	3.47	12.0	1.18	10.2	1.61	11.8	1.15	10.7	4.07	8.2
Professional and related occupations	50.38	6.0	38.72	6.3	11.66	7.0	3.56	12.9	1.21	10.8	1.57	12.5	1.17	11.3	4.15	8.4
Sales and office occupations	18.71	1.2	15.44	1.0	3.27	3.1	0.51	5.2	0.30	7.1	0.55	11.8	0.19	7.7	1.73	1.5
Sales and related occupations	17.04	1.0	14.29	0.9	2.75	2.4	0.36	4.1	0.28	9.4	0.34	6.4	0.16	8.0	1.61	1.3
Office and administrative support occupations	22.75	3.3	18.20	2.6	4.54	7.8	0.86	9.0	0.33	16.1	1.05	21.4	0.28	12.0	2.02	3.5
Service occupations	16.52	2.0	13.84	1.9	2.68	3.6	0.34	7.6	0.19	9.8	0.31	12.1	0.13	17.6	1.71	2.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	22.76	2.5	16.89	1.9	5.88	5.0	0.89	5.7	0.59	9.5	1.46	9.6	0.61	11.8	2.33	2.9
Transportation and material moving occupations	23.16	2.8	17.06	2.1	6.10	5.8	0.92	6.4	0.58	11.2	1.56	10.5	0.66	12.2	2.37	3.2
Industry group
Service-providing industries(4)	21.96	2.8	17.60	3.0	4.37	2.8	0.84	6.6	0.39	6.3	0.70	6.1	0.34	6.6	2.09	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities industry	20.24	2.0	15.84	1.2	4.40	5.1	0.65	6.2	0.41	8.3	0.97	8.9	0.44	11.8	1.94	2.1
Professional and business services industry	28.49	16.2	23.42	16.8	5.07	14.5	0.70	13.8	0.67	27.4	0.60	22.7	0.17	25.5	2.93	19.0
Education and health services industry	33.54	4.3	25.77	4.2	7.77	5.1	2.29	9.6	0.71	7.3	1.17	9.2	0.77	6.9	2.84	3.7
Leisure and hospitality industry	14.78	2.0	12.68	1.8	2.10	4.8	0.19	11.9	0.11	16.7	(5)0.19	30.7	0.06	17.1	1.56	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry group [Dec. 2022]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)	Cost ($)	RSE(2)
All workers	40.23	1.3	28.37	1.2	11.86	1.6	3.01	2.0	1.49	3.4	3.00	1.6	1.36	3.0	3.01	1.0
1-99 workers	33.52	1.6	24.91	1.5	8.61	2.1	2.14	2.7	0.90	5.0	2.08	2.6	0.81	6.6	2.69	1.2
1-49 workers	32.32	2.0	24.26	1.9	8.06	2.8	1.99	3.5	0.83	7.1	1.90	3.5	0.71	7.4	2.63	1.5
50-99 workers	37.85	3.4	27.25	3.3	10.60	4.1	2.69	5.6	1.15	6.1	2.71	4.2	1.16	10.3	2.89	2.3
100 workers or more	48.38	1.5	32.57	1.5	15.81	1.9	4.06	2.4	2.20	3.8	4.11	1.6	2.03	3.4	3.40	1.3
100-499 workers	41.07	2.1	28.53	2.0	12.54	2.5	3.19	3.7	1.53	4.8	3.35	2.1	1.44	4.8	3.03	1.5
500 workers or more	58.38	1.9	38.09	2.0	20.29	2.1	5.26	2.8	3.12	4.5	5.16	2.1	2.84	4.4	3.90	2.1

Goods-producing industries(3)	43.07	1.8	29.14	1.7	13.93	2.3	2.76	2.7	2.07	2.7	3.76	2.6	1.86	6.8	3.47	1.6
1-99 workers	37.08	2.7	26.62	2.0	10.46	4.8	1.88	3.9	1.32	3.2	2.57	6.3	1.35	16.1	3.33	2.2
1-49 workers	35.78	2.9	26.09	2.1	9.69	5.6	1.71	3.9	1.14	5.1	2.24	8.4	1.24	17.7	3.36	2.6
50-99 workers	40.35	3.4	27.95	3.1	12.40	5.0	2.30	6.6	1.79	7.4	3.39	6.5	1.65	14.9	3.27	2.8
100 workers or more	48.49	2.4	31.42	2.5	17.08	2.6	3.56	3.6	2.75	3.4	4.85	2.5	2.31	6.2	3.60	2.1
100-499 workers	44.72	2.5	29.74	2.4	14.99	2.9	3.03	3.8	2.15	3.6	4.29	3.0	2.00	8.1	3.52	2.4
500 workers or more	53.97	3.9	33.86	4.2	20.11	3.7	4.33	6.0	3.63	4.9	5.65	3.6	2.77	6.3	3.73	3.4

Manufacturing industry	42.78	1.9	28.38	1.8	14.40	2.4	3.22	3.1	2.29	4.0	4.10	2.7	1.64	7.1	3.16	1.4
1-99 workers	33.66	2.5	24.05	2.0	9.61	4.4	2.09	4.2	1.22	5.3	2.64	5.5	0.91	23.0	2.74	1.9
1-49 workers	31.58	3.3	23.17	2.6	8.41	6.6	1.89	5.9	0.97	7.6	2.12	8.7	(4)0.76	38.2	2.67	2.4
50-99 workers	37.20	3.8	25.55	3.5	11.64	5.4	2.44	6.3	1.65	7.2	3.52	6.5	1.16	21.0	2.87	3.2
100 workers or more	47.87	2.6	30.79	2.7	17.08	2.7	3.85	3.9	2.88	4.1	4.91	2.7	2.04	6.3	3.40	2.2
100-499 workers	41.97	2.1	28.02	2.2	13.94	2.2	3.25	3.6	2.04	4.6	4.10	2.3	1.41	5.9	3.14	1.6
500 workers or more	54.52	4.3	33.91	4.6	20.61	4.1	4.51	6.3	3.83	5.0	5.83	3.8	2.76	7.6	3.69	4.0

Service-providing industries(5)	39.67	1.5	28.22	1.3	11.46	2.0	3.06	2.3	1.37	4.3	2.85	2.0	1.26	3.4	2.92	1.2
1-99 workers	32.93	1.8	24.63	1.7	8.31	2.4	2.18	3.0	0.83	6.3	1.99	2.9	0.72	7.1	2.58	1.3
1-49 workers	31.81	2.3	23.99	2.1	7.82	3.1	2.03	3.8	0.78	8.5	1.85	3.9	0.63	8.1	2.52	1.7
50-99 workers	37.28	4.2	27.09	4.0	10.19	5.0	2.77	6.5	1.00	7.9	2.56	5.1	1.05	13.2	2.81	2.9
100 workers or more	48.35	1.8	32.84	1.7	15.51	2.2	4.18	2.7	2.07	4.8	3.94	2.0	1.96	3.9	3.35	1.5
100-499 workers	40.19	2.6	28.24	2.5	11.94	3.2	3.23	4.5	1.38	6.4	3.12	2.7	1.30	5.8	2.92	1.8
500 workers or more	59.37	2.2	39.04	2.3	20.33	2.4	5.47	3.0	3.01	5.5	5.05	2.4	2.85	5.1	3.94	2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry	34.17	1.9	24.35	1.6	9.82	2.7	2.25	3.5	1.07	3.0	2.55	2.6	1.25	7.3	2.70	1.2
1-99 workers	30.36	2.0	22.84	1.8	7.52	2.7	1.75	3.7	0.81	6.1	1.79	3.6	0.66	5.4	2.52	1.4
1-49 workers	29.80	2.5	22.68	2.3	7.11	3.4	1.66	4.5	0.78	7.2	1.60	4.2	0.58	7.0	2.49	1.7
50-99 workers	32.53	2.8	23.46	2.3	9.07	5.0	2.07	4.9	0.89	10.4	2.52	9.3	0.93	8.3	2.66	3.6
100 workers or more	38.58	3.6	26.09	3.4	12.49	4.2	2.83	5.3	1.38	3.6	3.44	3.5	1.93	9.9	2.91	2.3
100-499 workers	32.13	2.3	22.42	2.4	9.71	2.4	2.15	3.9	1.14	3.1	2.66	3.0	1.20	6.2	2.56	1.6
500 workers or more	53.08	6.4	34.35	6.1	18.73	7.1	4.35	8.6	1.92	7.1	5.19	6.1	3.57	14.9	3.71	4.0

Wholesale trade industry	46.35	3.0	33.03	3.0	13.33	3.2	3.60	4.0	1.79	3.8	3.09	3.8	1.45	6.4	3.39	2.4
1-99 workers	45.03	3.3	32.66	3.2	12.37	4.1	3.33	4.8	1.62	8.0	2.84	4.4	1.21	7.3	3.36	2.7
1-49 workers	45.01	3.9	32.90	3.9	12.12	5.0	3.27	5.7	1.56	9.4	2.71	5.0	1.21	8.8	3.37	3.1
100 workers or more	48.67	4.8	33.67	5.0	15.00	4.6	4.06	6.5	2.09	5.8	3.54	4.6	1.88	11.6	3.44	3.9
100-499 workers	47.64	7.3	33.16	7.6	14.47	6.9	3.90	11.0	2.02	8.0	3.45	3.9	1.74	16.7	3.36	5.2

Retail trade industry	23.98	1.3	18.39	1.1	5.59	2.0	1.22	3.4	0.62	4.1	1.33	2.7	0.41	3.9	2.00	0.9
1-99 workers	23.19	2.0	18.38	1.8	4.80	2.9	1.05	5.9	0.46	7.6	1.03	4.4	0.29	5.2	1.98	1.4
1-49 workers	22.64	2.5	18.14	2.1	4.50	4.0	0.98	7.5	0.45	8.0	0.90	6.5	0.23	6.7	1.95	1.7
50-99 workers	25.41	4.4	19.36	4.4	6.04	5.1	1.34	8.2	0.49	10.5	1.58	7.0	0.54	13.3	2.10	3.4
100 workers or more	25.15	2.2	18.40	2.0	6.75	2.9	1.47	4.7	0.87	4.1	1.78	3.2	0.60	5.7	2.03	1.6
100-499 workers	24.65	1.9	18.03	1.8	6.61	2.4	1.41	4.0	0.84	3.3	1.78	2.9	0.58	6.0	2.01	1.4

Transportation and warehousing industry	43.75	4.6	28.89	4.1	14.85	5.6	3.07	7.8	1.37	5.8	4.46	5.0	2.42	13.6	3.53	2.7
1-99 workers	32.57	3.5	23.56	3.3	9.01	6.5	1.67	8.4	0.76	9.7	2.72	11.7	0.68	16.9	3.17	3.5
1-49 workers	31.55	4.6	23.29	4.1	8.26	6.8	1.55	9.5	0.70	14.6	2.33	10.7	0.58	19.9	3.11	3.7
100 workers or more	49.44	5.6	31.61	5.4	17.83	6.3	3.79	8.2	1.69	6.3	5.34	5.4	3.30	13.5	3.71	3.3
100-499 workers	38.29	4.8	24.78	4.7	13.51	5.8	2.52	8.5	1.27	9.5	4.25	5.7	2.10	16.8	3.36	3.3

Information industry	68.31	3.1	44.63	2.7	23.68	4.3	6.78	5.3	3.19	6.6	6.09	3.9	3.37	10.5	4.26	2.5
1-99 workers	49.77	4.5	33.35	4.0	16.43	8.8	4.29	5.5	1.87	19.1	4.39	6.1	(4)2.47	46.8	3.41	3.5
100 workers or more	83.21	3.2	53.70	3.2	29.50	3.9	8.78	6.8	4.25	7.6	7.46	2.6	4.08	12.6	4.93	2.9
100-499 workers	67.46	6.8	45.13	7.7	22.33	6.3	6.55	7.9	2.33	13.1	6.56	6.0	2.67	12.9	4.22	5.5
500 workers or more	96.10	6.8	60.72	7.0	35.38	7.0	10.61	10.9	5.82	8.3	8.19	5.0	5.24	19.4	5.52	5.5

Financial activities industry	56.23	1.9	37.31	1.9	18.92	2.5	5.07	2.4	3.54	7.8	4.79	1.8	2.02	3.4	3.49	1.5
1-99 workers	45.52	3.2	31.50	2.9	14.02	4.4	3.85	3.8	2.07	16.7	3.79	3.5	1.29	5.2	3.01	2.3
1-49 workers	43.42	3.8	30.16	3.4	13.26	5.5	3.57	4.4	2.01	20.2	3.60	4.4	1.18	6.1	2.91	2.6
100 workers or more	70.30	2.4	44.95	2.1	25.35	3.9	6.67	3.0	5.46	11.5	6.11	2.3	2.98	3.4	4.13	1.7
100-499 workers	65.69	3.9	43.42	3.7	22.28	5.1	6.03	5.0	4.01	17.1	5.76	3.3	2.55	5.5	3.93	3.0
500 workers or more	74.08	2.5	46.21	2.1	27.87	4.6	7.19	2.6	6.66	14.8	6.39	2.7	3.33	3.5	4.30	1.8

Professional and business services industry	49.66	3.5	35.41	3.1	14.25	4.9	4.00	5.9	2.11	11.0	3.33	4.2	1.29	7.4	3.53	3.2
1-99 workers	46.92	4.4	34.55	4.4	12.37	5.0	3.52	6.6	1.54	15.4	2.91	5.3	0.97	7.6	3.42	3.4
1-49 workers	43.25	6.0	32.08	5.9	11.17	7.0	3.06	9.0	1.40	22.0	2.65	8.1	0.81	12.6	3.26	4.8
50-99 workers	57.93	8.6	41.97	8.8	15.96	8.3	4.92	11.9	1.98	15.0	3.70	6.2	1.46	13.2	3.90	6.1
100 workers or more	52.28	4.8	36.23	4.3	16.05	6.5	4.46	7.8	2.65	12.8	3.72	4.8	1.59	9.4	3.63	5.0
100-499 workers	47.28	6.4	33.40	5.8	13.88	8.0	4.03	10.6	1.75	15.8	3.57	5.5	1.23	14.0	3.30	4.9
500 workers or more	58.82	4.6	39.93	5.2	18.90	5.9	5.02	7.9	3.83	12.8	3.93	6.4	2.06	8.0	4.06	7.8

Education and health services industry	42.93	2.0	30.37	1.9	12.56	2.6	3.77	3.1	0.97	5.2	3.28	3.2	1.46	5.1	3.09	1.3
1-99 workers	33.87	3.5	25.43	3.1	8.45	5.4	2.57	5.5	0.37	13.1	2.16	8.5	0.73	15.5	2.62	2.5
1-49 workers	33.85	4.2	25.63	3.6	8.22	7.2	2.52	7.6	0.34	17.3	2.03	11.3	0.71	19.6	2.61	2.7
50-99 workers	33.98	7.0	24.67	6.6	9.30	8.7	2.74	11.0	0.47	16.6	2.66	9.5	0.80	14.4	2.64	6.1
100 workers or more	51.16	2.8	34.86	2.9	16.30	2.7	4.86	3.5	1.52	4.8	4.29	2.5	2.12	5.1	3.52	1.8
100-499 workers	41.57	8.0	29.64	7.7	11.92	9.5	3.71	11.1	0.93	15.9	3.00	7.7	1.29	22.1	2.99	5.2
500 workers or more	59.04	1.7	39.15	1.9	19.89	1.7	5.80	2.7	2.00	4.2	5.34	1.8	2.80	3.3	3.95	2.1

Educational services industry	52.93	4.3	38.12	3.7	14.81	6.3	4.34	9.3	0.40	13.6	4.01	7.0	2.44	7.7	3.62	3.6
1-99 workers	39.57	6.6	30.44	5.5	9.13	11.0	2.48	13.4	0.14	22.5	2.28	17.3	1.20	18.3	3.04	6.5
100 workers or more	63.12	3.4	43.98	3.3	19.14	3.9	5.76	7.9	0.60	11.6	5.32	3.6	3.40	5.7	4.06	3.5
100-499 workers	50.00	8.4	36.34	8.7	13.66	9.4	3.94	15.0	(4)0.34	41.4	3.93	10.2	1.93	18.4	3.53	8.9
500 workers or more	72.26	2.8	49.29	2.9	22.96	3.8	7.02	9.7	0.79	9.2	6.30	2.0	4.42	2.6	4.43	3.0

Health care and social assistance industry	41.48	2.3	29.24	2.1	12.23	2.9	3.68	3.4	1.05	5.6	3.17	3.6	1.31	6.3	3.01	1.4
1-99 workers	33.13	3.9	24.78	3.5	8.36	6.0	2.58	6.0	0.40	13.7	2.15	9.5	0.67	19.0	2.56	2.6
1-49 workers	33.66	4.7	25.33	4.0	8.33	7.6	2.61	7.8	0.37	17.9	2.09	11.8	0.68	22.3	2.59	2.9
50-99 workers	31.02	8.7	22.56	8.2	8.46	11.2	2.47	14.0	0.52	17.3	2.40	12.1	0.59	21.7	2.47	7.4
100 workers or more	49.26	3.3	33.41	3.5	15.85	3.2	4.71	4.0	1.67	5.0	4.12	2.9	1.91	6.5	3.43	2.1
100-499 workers	40.36	9.4	28.69	9.0	11.68	11.1	3.68	12.6	1.02	16.1	2.86	9.3	1.20	27.3	2.92	6.0
500 workers or more	56.76	2.1	37.39	2.4	19.36	2.1	5.59	2.7	2.22	4.5	5.18	2.2	2.52	4.4	3.86	2.5

Leisure and hospitality industry	18.40	2.2	14.98	1.9	3.42	3.9	0.56	9.3	0.26	8.0	0.67	7.9	0.18	10.3	1.74	2.0
1-99 workers	16.99	2.2	14.15	2.0	2.84	3.7	0.39	8.6	0.20	8.9	0.50	8.5	0.09	15.2	1.66	2.4
1-49 workers	16.66	2.4	13.92	2.2	2.73	4.5	0.36	8.3	0.19	11.5	0.49	13.1	0.06	20.4	1.64	2.8
50-99 workers	18.24	4.5	15.01	4.0	3.22	8.3	0.49	22.5	0.26	18.2	0.53	22.7	0.20	23.5	1.75	4.0
100 workers or more	24.10	7.1	18.34	6.2	5.75	10.4	1.27	16.9	0.51	17.8	1.36	14.9	0.57	14.8	2.05	5.1
100-499 workers	23.66	9.1	18.30	8.4	5.36	12.3	1.15	21.6	0.51	20.3	1.19	17.9	0.45	22.6	2.06	5.9
500 workers or more	25.28	8.7	18.46	7.8	6.81	13.1	1.58	15.5	0.50	24.4	1.81	20.6	0.89	14.7	2.03	8.9
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (4) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent. (5) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division [Dec. 2022]
Area(1)	Total compensation(2)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Area(1)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)	Cost ($)	RSE(3)
Northeast	46.57	1.8	32.26	2.1	14.30	2.0	3.66	2.8	1.76	7.5	3.56	2.6	1.83	5.2	3.49	2.4
New England	46.44	2.4	31.96	2.7	14.47	2.8	3.77	5.1	2.18	18.2	3.56	3.8	1.61	7.2	3.35	1.7
Middle Atlantic	46.61	2.1	32.37	2.4	14.24	2.5	3.62	3.5	1.62	6.7	3.57	3.2	1.90	6.3	3.54	2.9
South	35.52	2.4	25.71	2.0	9.81	3.3	2.60	3.9	1.22	5.9	2.39	3.5	1.00	5.5	2.60	1.9
South Atlantic	36.74	2.5	26.49	2.1	10.24	3.7	2.76	4.5	1.19	5.1	2.50	5.0	1.06	6.5	2.73	2.1
East South Central	31.61	2.7	22.83	2.8	8.78	2.8	2.21	2.5	1.08	6.3	2.38	1.9	0.80	9.5	2.32	3.0
West South Central	35.25	6.1	25.70	5.2	9.55	8.6	2.50	9.7	1.36	15.0	2.18	6.8	0.98	12.7	2.52	4.6
Midwest	38.95	2.6	26.81	2.3	12.14	3.4	2.85	4.5	1.70	6.0	3.29	2.7	1.46	7.8	2.83	1.8
East North Central	40.82	3.4	28.08	3.0	12.75	4.5	3.03	5.9	1.81	7.5	3.35	3.6	1.64	10.1	2.92	2.5
West North Central	35.04	2.5	24.18	2.1	10.86	3.5	2.47	5.2	1.49	9.1	3.18	3.0	1.09	6.7	2.65	1.9
West	43.52	2.8	30.81	2.6	12.71	3.5	3.27	4.6	1.44	7.8	3.16	3.5	1.43	4.8	3.41	1.7
Mountain	36.51	2.6	26.04	2.8	10.47	2.4	2.53	6.2	1.26	4.2	2.80	2.6	1.10	5.1	2.78	2.4
Pacific	46.68	3.6	32.96	3.2	13.72	4.7	3.60	5.6	1.52	10.6	3.33	4.8	1.58	5.9	3.69	2.0
Footnotes (1) The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (3) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.

Last Modified Date: March 17, 2023