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Employer Costs for Employee Compensation

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Relative Standard Errors

Because the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample design may differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is the standard error. The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. Footnotes have been added for estimates with relative standard errors greater than 30 percent.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year changes, see Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC, which examined how differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, but not from nonsampling errors. Sampling errors are differences between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. Nonsampling errors are not measured and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors. Survey nonresponse is when sample members are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey. Data collection errors include provision of inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing errors include errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data collection reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on which data are recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection standards.

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Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership [Mar. 2025]
Compensation component Civilian workers(1) Private industry
workers
State and local
government workers
Cost ($) Relative
standard error
Cost ($) Relative
standard error
Cost ($) Relative
standard error

Total compensation(2)

47.92 1.3 45.38 1.5 64.00 0.8

Wages and salaries

32.92 1.3 31.89 1.5 39.42 0.8

Total benefits

15.00 1.4 13.49 1.7 24.58 1.0

Paid leave

3.60 1.9 3.43 2.3 4.68 1.6

Vacation

1.74 2.4 1.74 2.7 1.74 2.3

Holiday

1.06 1.7 1.01 2.1 1.36 2.2

Sick

0.56 1.4 0.46 1.9 1.20 1.2

Personal

0.24 2.9 0.22 3.7 0.37 2.5

Supplemental pay

1.71 3.7 1.89 3.9 0.63 4.2

Overtime and premium(3)

0.41 2.5 0.43 2.7 0.29 4.9

Shift differentials

0.09 4.6 0.09 5.2 0.06 7.1

Nonproduction bonuses

1.21 5.1 1.36 5.3 0.28 5.9

Insurance

3.89 1.6 3.34 2.0 7.34 1.0

Life

0.06 3.3 0.05 4.1 0.09 3.4

Health

3.68 1.6 3.13 2.0 7.15 1.0

Short-term disability

0.09 2.5 0.10 2.7 0.04 4.2

Long-term disability

0.06 2.6 0.05 3.1 0.06 3.6

Retirement and savings

2.49 1.9 1.53 2.8 8.54 1.4

Defined benefit

1.43 2.7 0.40 6.7 7.97 1.5

Defined contribution

1.05 2.8 1.13 3.0 0.57 5.0

Legally Required benefits

3.31 0.8 3.29 0.9 3.40 1.3

Social Security and Medicare

2.70 0.9 2.70 1.1 2.71 1.3

Social Security(4)

2.15 0.9 2.17 1.0 2.07 1.5

Medicare

0.55 1.3 0.54 1.6 0.65 0.8

Federal unemployment insurance

0.03 6.0 0.03 6.0 (a)- (5)-

State unemployment insurance

0.13 2.0 0.14 2.1 0.06 4.5

Workers' compensation

0.45 1.6 0.42 1.7 0.62 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule.
(4) Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(5) The relative standard error is not available as the cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
(a) Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2025]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Civilian workers(3)

47.92 1.3 32.92 1.3 15.00 1.4 3.60 1.9 1.71 3.7 3.89 1.6 2.49 1.9 3.31 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

75.86 1.7 51.26 1.7 24.61 1.8 6.66 2.2 2.87 5.6 5.89 1.8 4.57 2.2 4.61 1.1

Management, business and financial

88.03 2.8 58.82 2.7 29.20 3.1 8.53 3.7 4.73 8.7 6.28 2.5 4.35 3.4 5.31 1.6

Professional and related

70.69 1.5 48.04 1.6 22.65 1.7 5.86 2.3 2.09 5.3 5.73 2.1 4.66 2.3 4.31 1.2

Teachers(4)

76.01 3.3 51.47 3.7 24.55 2.9 3.96 6.7 0.41 10.8 7.07 3.2 9.32 3.4 3.80 2.9

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

74.38 2.7 48.64 2.5 25.74 3.2 3.34 3.6 0.31 5.5 7.87 3.8 10.82 4.1 3.40 2.6

Registered nurses

76.69 2.3 50.14 1.7 26.56 3.8 7.47 4.9 3.63 5.6 6.25 3.2 4.12 6.7 5.08 2.4

Sales and office

35.92 1.6 25.21 1.7 10.71 1.9 2.50 2.6 1.02 7.0 3.31 2.0 1.34 3.8 2.54 1.3

Sales and related

35.23 3.3 26.51 3.3 8.72 4.3 2.12 5.6 1.05 17.0 2.05 4.0 0.88 9.3 2.62 2.3

Office and administrative support

36.39 1.0 24.33 0.9 12.06 1.6 2.76 1.9 1.00 3.0 4.16 2.1 1.65 3.6 2.49 1.0

Service

25.81 1.4 18.75 1.2 7.06 2.7 1.33 2.8 0.64 6.9 1.78 4.0 1.20 6.3 2.10 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

46.30 1.3 31.36 1.2 14.94 2.3 2.71 2.9 1.82 5.4 3.98 2.3 2.57 6.2 3.86 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

45.20 2.0 30.67 1.6 14.53 3.3 2.11 2.7 1.89 9.3 3.94 3.8 2.55 7.6 4.04 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

47.50 2.7 32.11 2.5 15.39 4.0 3.36 3.8 1.74 5.7 4.03 3.9 2.58 9.7 3.67 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

35.87 2.1 24.58 2.2 11.29 2.1 2.17 2.6 1.59 3.5 3.31 2.6 1.29 4.4 2.93 1.7

Production

35.95 1.3 24.04 1.2 11.91 2.1 2.24 2.1 2.20 5.3 3.61 2.4 1.02 4.7 2.83 1.2

Transportation and material moving

35.82 3.3 24.90 3.5 10.93 3.3 2.13 4.4 1.22 3.6 3.14 4.1 1.45 6.2 2.98 2.5

Industry group

Education and health services

54.30 3.1 36.93 3.3 17.37 3.0 4.17 4.3 1.22 9.2 4.79 3.1 3.87 3.9 3.33 2.2

Educational services

64.85 1.0 42.55 0.9 22.30 1.3 4.11 1.8 0.36 4.9 6.75 1.7 7.69 2.0 3.39 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools

63.29 0.9 40.86 0.8 22.44 1.5 3.28 2.5 0.28 4.1 7.10 1.9 8.69 2.1 3.09 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

73.95 1.7 48.58 1.8 25.37 1.8 6.39 2.9 0.51 7.0 7.20 2.6 7.19 2.9 4.08 2.2

Health care and social assistance

48.50 5.2 33.84 5.4 14.66 5.0 4.20 6.5 1.69 10.0 3.71 5.1 1.76 7.7 3.30 3.4

Hospitals

68.53 5.7 44.89 6.4 23.64 4.4 6.67 7.0 3.01 4.8 6.01 2.9 3.70 7.2 4.25 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(4) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2025]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

State and local government workers

64.00 0.8 39.42 0.8 24.58 1.0 4.68 1.6 0.63 4.2 7.34 1.0 8.54 1.4 3.40 1.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

75.88 1.0 48.28 1.1 27.61 1.2 5.15 2.1 0.47 5.2 7.99 1.3 10.20 1.6 3.79 1.6

Professional and related

73.54 1.0 47.08 1.1 26.46 1.2 4.56 2.1 0.46 5.5 7.95 1.4 9.84 1.6 3.64 1.6

Teachers(3)

82.47 1.2 54.13 1.3 28.34 1.4 3.88 2.8 0.30 6.9 8.45 1.7 11.92 1.6 3.78 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

81.83 1.2 52.85 1.2 28.99 1.5 3.55 3.0 0.30 5.1 8.92 1.9 12.68 2.2 3.55 2.3

Sales and office

44.92 1.8 25.77 1.9 19.15 2.1 3.89 2.2 0.39 9.0 7.02 2.3 5.22 3.5 2.62 2.2

Office and administrative support

45.10 1.8 25.81 2.0 19.29 2.2 3.91 2.2 0.40 9.0 7.11 2.4 5.26 3.5 2.62 2.2

Service

48.48 2.4 27.66 2.2 20.82 2.8 4.01 3.2 1.04 6.7 5.83 2.0 7.08 4.8 2.86 2.2

Industry group

Education and health services

66.19 0.9 42.12 0.8 24.07 1.2 4.18 2.3 0.43 5.2 7.47 1.3 8.70 1.6 3.29 1.6

Educational services

67.68 0.8 43.27 0.8 24.41 1.2 3.96 2.4 0.31 6.2 7.56 1.3 9.31 1.5 3.27 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools

65.47 1.0 41.85 0.9 23.62 1.4 3.29 2.6 0.28 4.7 7.49 1.6 9.46 2.0 3.09 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

74.64 2.1 47.76 2.4 26.88 2.2 6.08 4.1 0.37 13.8 7.73 3.1 8.87 3.8 3.84 3.1

Health care and social assistance

57.47 3.9 35.39 4.1 22.08 4.2 5.44 5.6 1.15 8.4 6.94 4.7 5.13 6.6 3.42 5.1

Hospitals

60.12 4.6 37.82 4.7 22.30 4.9 5.65 6.1 1.32 9.5 6.83 5.1 4.94 10.8 3.55 6.1

Public administration

63.01 1.7 36.26 1.9 26.75 1.8 5.78 2.1 0.95 6.4 7.36 1.9 9.00 2.9 3.66 2.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2025]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Private industry workers

45.38 1.5 31.89 1.5 13.49 1.7 3.43 2.3 1.89 3.9 3.34 2.0 1.53 2.8 3.29 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related occupations

75.86 2.1 52.15 2.2 23.71 2.4 7.11 2.6 3.59 5.8 5.26 2.6 2.89 3.7 4.86 1.3

Management, business, and financial occupations

87.70 3.1 59.16 3.0 28.54 3.6 8.49 4.2 5.21 8.8 6.05 3.1 3.40 4.4 5.39 1.8

Professional and related occupations

69.57 2.0 48.42 2.2 21.14 2.4 6.38 3.0 2.73 5.7 4.84 3.1 2.61 4.1 4.58 1.4

Sales and office occupations

35.00 1.8 25.15 1.9 9.85 2.1 2.36 2.9 1.08 7.2 2.93 2.4 0.94 4.8 2.53 1.4

Sales and related occupations

35.20 3.3 26.53 3.3 8.67 4.3 2.11 5.6 1.05 17.1 2.03 4.0 0.86 9.3 2.62 2.3

Office and administrative support occupations

34.84 1.1 24.06 1.0 10.78 1.7 2.55 2.1 1.11 3.3 3.64 2.6 1.01 3.9 2.47 1.1

Service occupations

22.49 1.5 17.45 1.5 5.04 2.9 0.94 3.8 0.59 8.2 1.18 5.3 0.34 6.4 1.99 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

45.52 1.5 31.26 1.3 14.26 2.6 2.52 3.3 1.88 5.7 3.70 2.8 2.26 7.3 3.90 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

44.36 2.2 30.55 1.7 13.81 3.6 1.87 3.2 1.98 9.6 3.62 4.4 2.25 8.7 4.10 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

46.77 3.0 32.02 2.7 14.75 4.5 3.22 4.1 1.78 5.9 3.79 4.3 2.27 11.7 3.69 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

35.35 2.2 24.42 2.3 10.93 2.2 2.12 2.8 1.61 3.5 3.18 2.7 1.11 5.4 2.91 1.7

Production occupations

35.57 1.3 23.87 1.2 11.70 2.1 2.19 2.0 2.22 5.4 3.55 2.4 0.92 4.6 2.83 1.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

35.22 3.5 24.75 3.7 10.47 3.5 2.08 4.7 1.24 3.7 2.96 4.3 1.23 7.3 2.96 2.6

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

47.00 1.2 31.89 1.2 15.11 1.7 3.02 2.7 2.59 5.9 4.07 1.5 1.76 4.3 3.68 1.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

77.19 3.1 52.44 2.2 24.75 5.1 6.56 4.5 4.47 17.6 5.45 3.2 3.12 6.9 5.16 2.1

Management, business, and financial occupations

82.33 3.9 56.10 2.5 26.23 7.4 6.79 5.1 5.39 26.5 5.53 3.6 3.07 8.0 5.46 2.2

Professional and related occupations

70.79 3.3 47.88 3.1 22.91 4.2 6.27 4.9 3.32 7.0 5.35 4.2 3.19 7.8 4.79 2.8

Sales and office occupations

41.59 2.8 30.00 3.4 11.59 2.5 2.67 3.8 1.38 5.7 3.48 4.2 0.97 5.3 3.09 2.2

Office and administrative support occupations

36.83 1.7 25.99 1.9 10.84 2.2 2.37 2.9 1.33 7.0 3.55 3.7 0.83 6.0 2.76 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

46.05 1.9 31.43 1.4 14.62 3.4 2.14 4.6 2.21 7.5 3.78 3.9 2.37 9.0 4.12 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing and forestry occupations

44.78 2.1 30.86 1.6 13.92 3.5 1.83 3.3 2.08 10.0 3.59 4.6 2.29 8.1 4.15 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

50.07 6.3 33.23 4.3 16.85 10.4 3.16 8.0 2.62 9.8 4.41 8.9 2.63 28.4 4.03 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

36.53 1.2 24.13 1.2 12.40 1.8 2.25 1.8 2.38 5.4 3.91 2.0 0.96 4.0 2.91 1.1

Production occupations

36.94 1.4 24.28 1.3 12.66 2.3 2.31 1.9 2.49 6.0 4.00 2.4 0.97 5.2 2.89 1.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

35.07 2.9 23.61 2.9 11.46 3.5 2.01 5.5 1.98 7.3 3.59 4.6 0.93 8.6 2.96 2.9

Construction industry

48.58 1.9 33.79 1.5 14.79 3.8 2.36 4.6 2.52 16.3 3.60 3.1 2.15 9.0 4.16 1.7

Manufacturing industry

45.85 1.7 30.60 1.7 15.25 1.9 3.40 3.5 2.60 4.2 4.34 1.9 1.54 4.8 3.37 1.3

Management, professional, and related occupations

78.19 2.6 53.22 2.2 24.97 3.5 7.22 4.2 3.39 5.9 5.79 3.4 3.43 7.9 5.14 2.1

Management, business, and financial occupations

85.54 2.4 58.74 2.2 26.80 3.4 8.06 4.2 3.52 7.6 6.17 3.5 3.53 9.0 5.51 1.8

Professional and related occupations

72.36 3.4 48.84 3.2 23.53 4.5 6.55 4.9 3.29 8.2 5.49 4.6 3.35 8.2 4.84 3.0

Sales and office occupations

40.60 2.9 28.39 2.9 12.21 3.5 2.92 4.6 1.49 7.3 3.80 4.4 1.11 7.0 2.88 2.7

Office and administrative support occupations

36.50 2.6 25.06 2.9 11.44 3.2 2.58 4.4 1.41 8.4 3.95 4.1 0.95 6.8 2.56 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

49.58 4.3 31.81 3.0 17.77 7.7 3.37 6.3 3.52 26.9 5.09 7.2 1.98 9.3 3.81 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

50.09 3.6 33.05 3.3 17.04 4.6 3.66 5.9 2.76 6.4 4.88 6.6 1.89 9.9 3.85 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

35.96 1.0 23.56 0.8 12.40 1.8 2.26 1.8 2.43 5.4 3.93 1.7 0.95 3.9 2.83 0.9

Production occupations

36.58 1.3 23.89 1.0 12.69 2.2 2.32 1.9 2.53 5.9 4.02 2.0 0.97 4.9 2.85 1.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

33.31 2.2 22.15 1.9 11.16 2.9 2.00 3.5 2.00 6.3 3.54 3.8 0.87 8.3 2.75 2.4

Aircraft manufacturing industry

79.84 3.1 49.99 3.0 29.85 3.4 7.30 4.2 4.83 4.3 7.94 3.4 4.50 5.0 5.29 2.3

Service-providing industries(4)

45.06 1.8 31.89 1.8 13.17 2.1 3.52 2.6 1.75 4.8 3.20 2.4 1.49 3.3 3.22 1.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

75.71 2.3 52.12 2.4 23.59 2.6 7.17 2.8 3.50 6.1 5.24 2.9 2.86 4.1 4.83 1.4

Management, business, and financial occupations

88.71 3.6 59.74 3.5 28.97 4.0 8.81 4.7 5.18 9.1 6.15 3.5 3.46 5.0 5.37 2.1

Professional and related occupations

69.48 2.2 48.46 2.3 21.01 2.6 6.38 3.2 2.69 6.2 4.81 3.4 2.57 4.4 4.56 1.5

Sales and office occupations

34.45 2.0 24.74 2.0 9.70 2.4 2.33 3.2 1.06 8.0 2.88 2.6 0.94 5.2 2.49 1.5

Sales and related occupations

34.28 3.5 25.82 3.4 8.46 4.5 2.05 5.9 1.03 18.0 1.99 4.2 0.83 9.9 2.55 2.4

Office and administrative support occupations

34.59 1.2 23.82 1.1 10.77 1.9 2.58 2.4 1.08 3.6 3.65 2.9 1.03 4.3 2.43 1.2

Service occupations

22.49 1.6 17.45 1.5 5.04 3.0 0.94 3.8 0.58 8.3 1.18 5.3 0.34 6.5 1.99 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

44.79 2.1 31.03 2.3 13.76 3.5 3.04 5.1 1.43 5.0 3.59 3.6 2.10 12.3 3.60 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

45.43 3.1 31.53 3.3 13.90 3.9 3.24 4.9 1.43 5.7 3.54 4.4 2.13 9.9 3.56 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

34.65 3.5 24.59 3.6 10.06 3.6 2.04 4.5 1.14 3.8 2.75 4.6 1.21 7.6 2.91 2.7

Production occupations

30.89 3.5 22.47 3.2 8.42 5.5 1.76 7.6 1.28 9.2 2.03 9.4 0.75 11.6 2.59 3.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

35.24 4.0 24.93 4.2 10.32 4.0 2.09 5.3 1.12 4.2 2.87 5.0 1.28 8.1 2.96 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

37.72 2.0 27.16 2.0 10.56 2.2 2.46 3.0 1.15 3.5 2.69 3.0 1.31 5.9 2.95 1.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

69.69 3.3 49.45 3.0 20.24 4.5 6.16 5.5 2.41 6.0 4.19 5.3 2.80 9.4 4.68 2.7

Management, business, and financial occupations

82.25 4.1 57.69 3.9 24.56 5.3 7.59 6.8 3.27 8.3 5.01 5.9 3.36 10.8 5.32 3.0

Professional and related occupations

58.73 4.3 42.27 3.9 16.46 5.8 4.91 6.9 1.65 7.9 3.48 6.2 2.31 10.5 4.11 3.9

Sales and office occupations

29.74 2.2 22.40 2.0 7.34 3.3 1.69 4.4 0.76 15.1 1.88 4.1 0.70 5.3 2.31 1.6

Sales and related occupations

28.65 2.7 22.06 2.5 6.59 4.5 1.52 6.4 0.72 19.9 1.51 4.9 0.59 7.8 2.25 1.9

Office and administrative support occupations

33.64 2.2 23.60 2.0 10.05 3.6 2.32 4.4 0.87 6.4 3.24 6.1 1.08 8.1 2.53 1.7

Service occupations

23.09 3.4 17.53 2.6 5.56 7.4 1.01 10.0 0.48 10.8 1.38 10.3 0.66 15.1 2.04 3.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

49.51 5.9 34.39 6.4 15.12 5.5 3.47 7.7 1.63 7.0 3.80 6.1 2.30 10.2 3.92 4.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

50.28 6.4 35.02 6.9 15.26 6.1 3.56 8.3 1.60 7.9 3.82 6.7 2.34 10.9 3.94 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

37.25 3.9 26.12 4.2 11.13 3.8 2.28 5.2 1.21 4.1 3.09 4.7 1.46 7.9 3.09 2.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

37.24 4.2 26.14 4.5 11.10 4.0 2.26 5.6 1.18 4.4 3.08 4.8 1.48 8.2 3.10 3.0

Wholesale trade industry

52.24 3.9 37.09 3.9 15.15 4.3 4.12 6.4 1.93 7.4 3.58 4.3 1.78 9.5 3.74 2.8

Sales and office occupations

53.50 5.8 38.94 6.1 14.56 5.8 4.04 8.7 1.51 9.4 3.67 7.8 1.63 10.4 3.71 4.9

Office and administrative support occupations

34.64 3.1 24.49 2.8 10.14 5.5 2.59 5.5 1.02 13.1 3.14 8.2 0.83 12.4 2.56 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

33.29 2.4 23.26 1.8 10.03 4.6 2.10 4.8 1.43 8.3 2.74 7.1 0.97 10.9 2.79 2.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

33.43 3.0 23.27 2.3 10.16 5.7 2.08 5.5 1.42 10.3 2.78 8.4 1.06 12.3 2.81 3.1

Retail trade industry

25.89 1.6 19.91 1.5 5.99 2.5 1.31 3.7 0.55 5.8 1.47 3.5 0.52 5.3 2.14 1.3

Sales and office occupations

23.13 1.4 18.21 1.3 4.92 2.3 1.03 2.8 0.41 8.2 1.19 5.5 0.36 6.8 1.92 1.1

Sales and related occupations

22.62 1.4 17.93 1.3 4.70 2.3 0.96 2.9 0.40 8.8 1.09 6.1 0.35 7.4 1.89 1.1

Office and administrative support occupations

27.70 3.1 20.78 2.9 6.93 4.7 1.67 6.6 0.52 10.0 2.09 6.9 0.53 9.8 2.11 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

24.34 1.2 18.06 1.1 6.28 2.0 1.21 3.3 0.62 6.4 1.72 2.7 0.60 5.5 2.12 1.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

24.06 1.0 17.87 1.0 6.19 1.7 1.17 2.9 0.61 5.9 1.70 2.4 0.60 5.3 2.11 1.0

Transportation and warehousing industry

48.58 5.3 33.24 5.9 15.34 4.7 3.28 6.8 1.70 10.4 4.24 5.7 2.26 9.7 3.87 3.9

Utilities industry

77.48 1.5 48.77 1.6 28.71 1.7 7.01 2.1 2.58 6.1 7.43 2.6 6.34 3.9 5.35 1.5

Information industry

78.24 3.7 50.47 4.0 27.77 3.6 8.06 4.1 3.99 7.8 7.10 3.7 3.64 8.4 4.97 3.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

97.60 4.9 63.66 4.8 33.95 5.5 10.72 5.3 5.47 10.0 8.20 5.1 3.49 7.6 6.06 3.8

Professional and related occupations

94.42 4.6 61.57 4.8 32.84 4.6 10.40 5.6 5.03 7.4 8.10 4.0 3.36 7.0 5.95 3.7

Sales and office occupations

53.52 6.1 34.81 6.9 18.71 5.4 4.67 8.0 2.17 8.3 5.65 4.5 2.71 18.2 3.52 5.8

Financial activities industry

63.96 2.0 41.72 1.8 22.24 3.0 5.83 2.4 4.28 11.6 5.83 1.7 2.31 2.5 3.98 1.6

Management, professional, and related occupations

92.84 1.9 59.79 1.5 33.05 3.3 9.21 1.8 7.26 12.6 7.45 1.4 3.66 3.0 5.47 1.1

Management, business, and financial occupations

94.29 2.2 60.71 1.8 33.57 3.9 9.30 2.2 7.82 14.8 7.40 1.8 3.59 3.6 5.47 1.3

Professional and related occupations

88.12 2.6 56.77 2.5 31.35 2.9 8.95 3.4 5.41 6.1 7.60 1.8 3.90 5.0 5.49 2.0

Sales and office occupations

43.59 3.3 28.89 2.7 14.70 4.7 3.48 3.4 2.21 19.4 4.80 3.0 1.36 5.1 2.85 2.4

Sales and related occupations

54.17 9.6 37.46 7.7 16.71 15.4 3.85 10.2 (5)3.83 44.5 3.93 8.5 1.54 12.5 3.56 6.9

Office and administrative support occupations

40.16 1.0 26.11 1.1 14.05 1.4 3.36 1.9 1.69 4.5 5.08 2.0 1.31 4.0 2.62 1.2

Finance and insurance industry

71.64 2.3 46.01 2.0 25.63 3.2 6.77 2.5 5.26 12.0 6.51 1.4 2.80 2.5 4.29 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities industry

66.59 3.6 42.18 3.0 24.40 5.9 6.30 3.7 5.36 22.0 6.10 1.9 2.66 4.6 3.99 2.6

Insurance carriers and related activities industry

65.46 2.9 42.60 2.9 22.87 3.3 6.06 4.5 3.81 5.2 6.37 2.9 2.52 4.5 4.10 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing industry

40.52 4.2 28.65 4.0 11.88 5.3 2.96 7.2 1.31 11.3 3.76 7.0 0.83 10.4 3.02 3.0

Professional and business services industry

59.15 3.4 41.38 3.5 17.78 4.0 5.01 5.0 2.87 9.0 4.02 4.6 1.86 7.0 4.03 2.7

Management, professional, and related occupations

84.97 3.7 58.31 3.5 26.66 4.9 8.13 5.4 4.59 11.2 5.54 5.3 2.99 7.5 5.42 2.4

Management, business, and financial occupations

93.67 6.0 62.92 5.6 30.75 7.0 9.27 7.7 6.24 15.2 6.16 5.5 3.31 7.5 5.77 3.4

Professional and related occupations

79.35 3.6 55.32 3.4 24.02 5.8 7.40 7.6 3.52 12.0 5.13 7.3 2.78 9.3 5.19 2.9

Sales and office occupations

40.61 7.1 29.28 7.4 11.33 7.2 2.87 10.3 1.26 8.1 3.32 8.7 1.06 19.9 2.83 5.1

Office and administrative support occupations

33.98 2.6 24.05 2.1 9.93 4.8 2.36 6.7 1.30 8.8 3.11 7.8 0.73 7.7 2.43 2.6

Service occupations

27.42 4.5 20.89 4.7 6.53 6.0 1.22 7.8 0.94 10.3 1.72 10.1 0.27 14.3 2.37 4.6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

27.55 4.6 20.37 3.6 7.19 9.9 1.13 15.6 1.29 12.8 1.88 19.3 0.44 26.0 2.45 4.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

29.11 4.5 20.97 4.1 8.14 9.1 1.19 13.7 1.40 14.4 2.49 17.1 0.45 24.9 2.60 4.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services industry

73.44 4.1 50.75 3.8 22.68 5.2 6.83 5.1 3.55 14.3 4.94 5.0 2.68 9.0 4.68 2.8

Administrative and waste services industry

34.76 8.8 25.98 9.2 8.78 8.1 1.81 6.9 1.31 12.3 2.18 5.7 0.59 19.2 2.88 10.4

Education and health services industry

48.85 4.8 34.55 5.0 14.30 4.8 4.16 6.2 1.58 10.3 3.56 4.9 1.65 7.9 3.35 3.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

66.20 5.1 46.58 5.5 19.62 4.7 6.10 6.0 2.14 9.7 4.58 4.6 2.51 7.5 4.28 3.0

Management, business, and financial occupations

82.95 16.2 58.23 16.3 24.72 16.1 8.93 19.8 1.87 24.5 5.53 11.4 3.59 23.3 4.79 8.7

Professional and related occupations

64.21 3.6 45.20 4.0 19.01 3.6 5.77 4.1 2.17 9.7 4.47 4.6 2.39 5.7 4.22 2.6

Sales and office occupations

33.22 2.8 23.12 2.4 10.11 4.6 2.61 5.5 0.61 9.4 3.63 6.5 0.90 8.0 2.36 2.9

Office and administrative support occupations

32.98 2.8 22.95 2.4 10.03 4.7 2.59 5.6 0.60 9.4 3.61 6.6 0.89 8.3 2.34 3.0

Service occupations

26.45 3.1 19.19 2.5 7.26 5.9 1.56 6.0 1.04 14.3 1.93 8.8 0.54 13.2 2.18 3.2

Educational services industry

56.09 3.0 40.33 2.9 15.76 3.5 4.56 4.1 0.51 12.4 4.24 4.5 2.67 6.2 3.77 2.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

60.65 3.0 43.91 2.9 16.74 3.8 4.90 4.3 0.53 14.2 4.41 5.1 2.87 7.0 4.03 2.1

Management, business, and financial occupations

73.29 7.7 51.10 8.2 22.19 6.9 8.25 8.8 0.54 17.0 5.61 6.9 3.26 10.4 4.54 4.2

Professional and related occupations

57.84 3.0 42.31 2.8 15.53 4.2 4.16 3.5 0.53 16.8 4.14 6.4 2.78 7.9 3.92 2.4

Sales and office occupations

36.16 5.7 25.00 4.1 11.16 11.5 3.14 11.6 0.29 17.3 3.51 19.6 1.71 16.8 2.51 3.8

Office and administrative support occupations

36.19 5.8 25.01 4.2 11.18 11.6 3.16 11.6 0.28 17.3 3.51 19.7 1.72 16.9 2.51 3.9

Service occupations

35.71 11.0 25.15 12.3 10.56 12.4 2.44 13.9 0.47 15.3 3.13 15.7 1.77 23.3 2.75 17.0

Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professional schools industry

72.71 2.8 50.05 3.0 22.66 2.8 6.94 3.7 0.75 9.5 6.26 2.8 4.19 3.6 4.52 2.4

Health care and social assistance industry

47.81 5.6 33.72 5.8 14.09 5.6 4.10 7.1 1.73 10.7 3.46 5.6 1.50 9.7 3.29 3.5

Registered nurse occupations

78.06 2.9 51.05 2.1 27.02 4.9 7.73 5.8 4.03 6.0 6.17 3.6 3.83 10.5 5.25 2.8

Management, professional, and related occupations

67.48 6.1 47.20 6.6 20.28 5.5 6.38 6.9 2.51 9.8 4.63 5.5 2.43 9.3 4.34 3.6

Professional and related occupations

65.54 4.2 45.80 4.8 19.74 4.0 6.10 4.6 2.51 9.8 4.54 5.3 2.30 6.9 4.28 3.0

Sales and office occupations

32.80 3.1 22.85 2.7 9.96 5.1 2.53 6.2 0.66 10.3 3.65 6.9 0.78 9.4 2.33 3.3

Office and administrative support occupations

32.52 3.1 22.66 2.7 9.86 5.2 2.51 6.3 0.65 10.3 3.62 7.1 0.77 9.9 2.32 3.4

Service occupations

26.20 3.1 19.03 2.4 7.17 6.1 1.54 6.2 1.06 14.5 1.90 9.1 0.51 14.0 2.17 3.1

Hospitals industry

70.10 6.5 46.21 7.2 23.89 5.1 6.86 8.1 3.32 5.0 5.86 3.4 3.47 8.2 4.38 3.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

84.76 8.3 56.20 9.2 28.56 6.6 8.60 9.8 3.99 6.4 6.52 4.0 4.28 10.2 5.17 4.1

Registered nurse occupations

80.46 2.0 51.80 2.0 28.66 2.3 8.05 2.8 4.49 4.5 6.71 2.6 4.13 5.3 5.29 2.0

Service occupations

35.42 2.1 22.85 1.9 12.57 3.1 2.57 3.2 2.13 5.6 3.72 5.3 1.59 7.0 2.56 2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities industry

32.90 1.6 23.93 1.7 8.97 2.6 2.33 3.8 0.98 5.7 2.52 4.5 0.55 11.3 2.59 1.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

48.89 2.1 35.47 2.9 13.42 2.7 3.96 4.6 1.32 8.1 3.49 6.7 1.03 10.1 3.62 2.5

Service occupations

25.96 1.2 18.98 0.9 6.98 2.7 1.58 3.0 0.89 5.6 2.02 5.2 0.33 14.1 2.15 1.3

Nursing care facilities industry

34.96 2.5 25.66 2.4 9.30 4.4 2.35 5.0 1.16 6.2 2.55 7.7 0.50 12.7 2.74 2.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

50.07 2.5 37.13 3.0 12.94 3.5 3.55 5.1 1.58 6.8 3.14 8.8 0.88 11.2 3.80 3.2

Service occupations

27.04 2.7 19.62 2.2 7.42 4.9 1.69 5.6 1.03 6.6 2.20 7.8 0.31 20.3 2.19 2.4

Leisure and hospitality industry

20.13 2.6 16.48 2.3 3.65 5.9 0.63 10.2 0.24 8.8 0.70 14.7 0.23 15.2 1.83 1.6

Sales and office occupations

20.66 4.7 16.86 4.1 3.80 12.8 0.76 17.4 (5)0.20 31.2 (5)0.98 30.7 (5)0.22 32.8 1.63 4.7

Service occupations

18.28 2.0 15.20 2.1 3.08 3.8 0.45 8.1 0.22 9.3 0.51 12.7 0.17 10.1 1.74 1.4

Accommodation and food services industry

19.00 2.9 15.55 2.1 3.44 7.7 0.57 14.1 0.25 10.5 0.67 18.2 0.20 19.1 1.75 1.9

Other services industry

37.85 7.8 27.96 6.9 9.89 11.1 2.67 13.1 0.64 14.1 2.17 13.2 1.57 29.8 2.85 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status [Mar. 2025]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

Union workers

60.21 2.6 36.67 2.6 23.54 2.8 4.47 4.8 2.48 4.4 7.50 1.7 4.73 5.2 4.35 2.4

Goods-producing industries(3)

60.13 2.8 35.76 2.2 24.37 4.3 3.44 5.6 3.21 6.3 8.18 3.1 4.97 9.3 4.56 3.2

Manufacturing industry

51.79 2.6 29.90 2.4 21.89 3.1 3.69 3.6 3.90 5.0 7.99 3.5 2.54 6.3 3.76 2.8

Service-providing industries(4)

60.25 3.5 37.06 3.6 23.18 3.7 4.92 5.9 2.17 6.3 7.21 2.2 4.63 6.3 4.26 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

58.99 5.3 37.08 6.4 21.92 3.9 4.26 6.2 2.12 5.5 6.75 3.6 4.54 5.9 4.25 3.7

Retail trade industry

31.67 6.4 20.13 7.9 11.54 4.1 1.95 12.5 0.95 8.7 4.01 3.4 2.13 4.0 2.50 6.1

Transportation and warehousing industry

70.38 7.1 44.71 8.5 25.67 5.0 5.16 7.9 2.54 6.8 7.65 3.9 5.37 8.2 4.96 4.4

Education and health services industry

67.33 8.0 41.44 7.3 25.89 9.5 6.57 13.0 2.81 14.6 7.44 4.2 4.47 15.8 4.59 7.7

Health care and social assistance industry

66.65 8.9 40.85 8.1 25.80 10.6 6.58 14.4 3.06 14.8 7.27 4.5 4.28 18.2 4.60 8.5

Nonunion workers

44.13 1.6 31.49 1.6 12.64 1.9 3.35 2.4 1.83 4.4 2.99 2.2 1.26 3.2 3.20 1.0

Goods-producing industries(3)

44.81 1.5 31.25 1.3 13.57 2.4 2.95 3.2 2.48 7.2 3.38 2.0 1.22 4.0 3.53 1.3

Manufacturing industries

45.02 2.0 30.70 1.9 14.32 2.3 3.36 3.9 2.42 4.9 3.83 2.3 1.40 5.5 3.31 1.6

Service-providing industries(4)

44.00 1.8 31.53 1.8 12.47 2.2 3.42 2.7 1.72 5.2 2.92 2.6 1.27 3.7 3.14 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities industries

35.00 1.9 25.90 1.9 9.10 2.3 2.24 3.4 1.02 4.9 2.17 2.9 0.90 6.3 2.78 1.3

Retail trade industries

25.51 1.6 19.89 1.4 5.62 2.5 1.27 3.6 0.52 6.1 1.30 4.0 0.41 5.8 2.12 1.3

Transportation and warehousing industries

40.35 6.3 28.91 6.9 11.44 6.0 2.57 9.3 1.38 17.3 2.95 8.1 1.08 9.9 3.46 4.4

Education and health services industries

47.34 5.4 33.99 5.5 13.35 5.4 3.96 6.9 1.47 11.6 3.24 5.4 1.42 9.3 3.25 3.3

Health care and social assistance industries

46.23 6.2 33.12 6.4 13.11 6.2 3.90 8.0 1.62 12.0 3.14 6.2 1.27 11.5 3.18 3.8

Full-time workers

51.98 1.6 35.71 1.6 16.28 1.6 4.24 2.2 2.33 4.0 4.19 1.7 1.89 2.7 3.62 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

79.34 2.3 53.90 2.4 25.44 2.4 7.68 2.6 3.89 6.0 5.80 2.4 3.11 3.6 4.97 1.4

Management, business, and financial occupations

88.75 3.1 59.76 3.0 29.00 3.6 8.63 4.2 5.31 8.8 6.16 3.0 3.46 4.5 5.43 1.8

Professional and related occupations

73.42 2.3 50.21 2.5 23.21 2.3 7.08 2.7 2.99 6.1 5.57 2.8 2.89 3.9 4.68 1.7

Sales and office occupations

40.50 1.9 28.25 2.1 12.25 2.2 3.03 2.7 1.39 7.9 3.83 2.1 1.21 4.9 2.79 1.6

Sales and related occupations

47.48 3.5 34.57 3.6 12.91 4.5 3.35 4.9 1.69 18.5 3.25 3.4 1.33 10.5 3.28 2.6

Office and administrative support occupations

36.74 1.1 24.85 1.0 11.89 1.6 2.85 2.0 1.22 3.6 4.14 2.3 1.14 3.9 2.53 1.1

Service occupations

26.23 1.9 19.29 1.6 6.94 3.5 1.45 3.8 0.90 9.6 1.96 4.9 0.50 7.6 2.12 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

46.40 1.5 31.63 1.3 14.77 2.6 2.62 3.2 1.95 5.7 3.88 2.6 2.37 7.4 3.94 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

44.83 2.2 30.72 1.8 14.11 3.6 1.91 3.0 2.03 9.8 3.73 4.0 2.33 8.9 4.12 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

48.13 2.9 32.64 2.7 15.49 4.3 3.41 3.8 1.87 5.5 4.04 3.9 2.42 11.6 3.75 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

38.06 2.3 25.89 2.6 12.17 2.2 2.40 2.9 1.87 3.6 3.63 2.5 1.25 5.6 3.03 1.8

Production occupations

36.17 1.3 24.14 1.2 12.03 2.0 2.26 2.0 2.28 5.4 3.69 2.3 0.95 4.5 2.85 1.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

39.60 4.0 27.31 4.4 12.29 3.7 2.51 5.1 1.53 3.7 3.58 4.3 1.49 8.1 3.18 2.9

Industry group

Goods-producing industries(3)

47.66 1.3 32.21 1.2 15.45 1.7 3.10 2.8 2.65 5.8 4.19 1.5 1.81 4.4 3.71 1.2

Construction industry

49.23 2.0 34.09 1.5 15.14 3.9 2.43 4.6 2.57 16.7 3.73 3.1 2.23 9.1 4.19 1.7

Manufacturing industry

46.52 1.8 30.93 1.8 15.58 1.9 3.49 3.6 2.66 4.1 4.45 2.0 1.58 4.9 3.40 1.3

Service-providing industries(4)

53.13 1.9 36.64 2.0 16.49 2.0 4.55 2.5 2.25 5.0 4.19 2.1 1.91 3.2 3.59 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

45.73 2.2 32.13 2.3 13.60 2.3 3.37 3.0 1.54 4.1 3.56 3.0 1.74 6.2 3.38 1.6

Information industry

83.31 3.7 53.31 4.0 30.01 3.4 8.74 3.8 4.34 8.3 7.74 3.4 3.96 7.8 5.23 3.0

Financial activities industry

66.19 2.0 42.90 1.7 23.29 2.9 6.13 2.1 4.52 11.7 6.14 1.3 2.43 2.4 4.07 1.5

Professional and business services industry

62.28 3.5 43.06 3.4 19.22 4.1 5.50 5.0 3.08 9.6 4.45 4.5 2.06 6.5 4.14 2.2

Education and health services industry

52.90 5.3 36.58 5.6 16.32 4.9 4.83 6.3 1.77 11.6 4.36 4.6 1.91 8.2 3.45 3.5

Leisure and hospitality industry

25.14 2.9 19.39 2.4 5.74 6.2 1.23 8.4 0.48 7.8 1.55 11.8 0.47 14.2 2.01 2.6

Other services industry

44.94 8.0 32.25 7.4 12.68 10.4 3.57 12.6 0.84 14.9 2.93 11.2 2.14 28.8 3.21 4.7

Part-time workers

24.83 2.7 20.02 2.8 4.81 3.9 0.92 6.6 0.49 7.2 0.70 7.2 0.41 10.1 2.29 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional and related occupations

50.68 5.7 39.50 5.7 11.18 9.3 3.01 12.3 1.46 12.3 1.40 15.6 1.27 19.1 4.03 6.6

Professional and related occupations

51.35 6.1 39.97 6.1 11.38 9.8 3.06 13.0 1.51 12.5 1.41 16.3 1.30 19.9 4.09 7.0

Sales and office occupations

20.45 1.4 16.95 1.3 3.50 3.2 0.59 6.7 0.28 12.8 0.54 12.1 0.24 9.1 1.85 1.4

Sales and related occupations

18.51 1.4 15.60 1.3 2.91 2.2 0.42 5.7 0.18 19.1 0.37 9.4 0.21 8.8 1.72 1.9

Office and administrative support occupations

24.60 2.6 19.84 2.2 4.76 6.1 0.94 10.3 0.51 12.7 0.90 17.0 0.29 14.3 2.12 2.6

Service occupations

18.46 2.4 15.46 2.5 3.00 3.4 0.39 8.7 0.24 11.5 0.35 10.7 0.17 10.6 1.85 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

24.33 2.2 18.45 1.7 5.88 4.3 0.99 6.6 0.55 10.0 1.35 8.7 0.57 11.7 2.42 2.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

24.47 2.3 18.47 1.8 5.99 4.5 1.01 6.8 0.51 10.5 1.43 9.0 0.60 11.1 2.43 3.0

Industry group

Service-providing industries(4)

24.77 2.8 19.97 2.9 4.80 3.9 0.93 6.7 0.48 7.4 0.70 7.3 0.41 10.2 2.27 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

21.96 1.5 17.39 1.3 4.57 3.4 0.69 4.6 0.36 10.7 0.97 6.6 0.46 8.9 2.09 1.6

Professional and business services industry

33.68 18.7 27.69 20.0 6.00 13.9 1.00 20.0 1.16 20.1 0.46 22.0 0.23 27.2 3.14 21.3

Education and health services industry

37.27 4.6 28.74 4.3 8.53 7.5 2.26 9.1 1.01 11.4 1.27 11.7 0.93 15.9 3.06 3.9

Leisure and hospitality industry

16.85 3.0 14.58 3.0 2.27 3.8 0.24 14.8 0.09 17.7 0.15 13.6 0.08 14.5 1.72 2.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry group [Mar. 2025]
Series Total compensation(1) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2) Cost ($) RSE(2)

All workers

45.38 1.5 31.89 1.5 13.49 1.7 3.43 2.3 1.89 3.9 3.34 2.0 1.53 2.8 3.29 0.9

1-99 workers

36.46 1.6 27.02 1.6 9.44 2.0 2.30 2.8 1.14 6.9 2.23 3.2 0.89 3.7 2.87 1.2

1-49 workers

35.56 1.7 26.61 1.7 8.95 2.2 2.19 3.1 1.08 9.3 2.02 3.5 0.83 4.0 2.84 1.4

50-99 workers

39.22 3.6 28.29 3.5 10.93 4.3 2.64 5.9 1.35 8.2 2.86 5.1 1.10 7.2 2.98 2.8

100 workers or more

55.85 1.9 37.61 2.0 18.24 2.0 4.77 2.7 2.75 4.3 4.65 1.8 2.28 3.4 3.79 1.3

100-499 workers

47.42 3.1 32.98 3.2 14.45 3.2 3.75 4.7 2.00 5.9 3.73 2.8 1.60 6.4 3.36 1.8

500 workers or more

66.21 2.6 43.31 2.7 22.91 2.7 6.02 3.6 3.69 5.1 5.79 2.1 3.11 3.9 4.31 2.1

Goods-producing industries(3)

47.00 1.2 31.89 1.2 15.11 1.7 3.02 2.7 2.59 5.9 4.07 1.5 1.76 4.3 3.68 1.2

1-99 workers

41.80 1.3 29.73 1.3 12.07 2.6 2.29 4.3 1.99 15.2 2.92 3.4 1.30 6.6 3.57 1.7

1-49 workers

41.16 2.4 29.64 2.0 11.52 4.9 2.18 5.5 1.87 22.6 2.55 3.9 1.31 9.4 3.60 2.1

50-99 workers

43.28 3.6 29.94 2.7 13.34 6.5 2.56 6.4 2.25 13.8 3.76 9.8 1.27 17.7 3.51 3.7

100 workers or more

51.59 1.7 33.80 1.7 17.79 2.0 3.66 3.1 3.12 3.7 5.08 1.5 2.16 6.2 3.77 1.5

100-499 workers

46.92 2.6 31.65 2.5 15.26 3.3 3.12 3.8 2.35 7.7 4.40 2.7 1.79 10.8 3.60 2.0

500 workers or more

58.40 3.1 36.92 3.0 21.47 3.4 4.43 5.7 4.25 3.5 6.07 2.9 2.70 7.7 4.02 2.5

Manufacturing industry

45.85 1.7 30.60 1.7 15.25 1.9 3.40 3.5 2.60 4.2 4.34 1.9 1.54 4.8 3.37 1.3

1-99 workers

38.92 2.6 27.61 2.5 11.30 4.0 2.58 5.5 1.69 13.3 3.07 5.4 0.87 9.1 3.09 2.2

1-49 workers

37.77 4.5 27.47 4.3 10.29 5.9 2.49 8.9 1.36 10.6 2.52 6.9 0.85 15.9 3.08 3.5

50-99 workers

40.82 4.3 27.85 3.2 12.97 7.8 2.72 5.8 2.23 23.2 4.00 10.5 0.91 16.0 3.11 3.5

100 workers or more

49.88 2.4 32.34 2.3 17.55 2.5 3.88 4.1 3.13 3.1 5.08 2.3 1.93 6.0 3.53 1.9

100-499 workers

42.24 2.3 28.51 2.4 13.73 2.5 3.12 3.6 2.07 5.3 4.13 2.6 1.27 5.8 3.15 1.9

500 workers or more

58.76 3.9 36.79 3.8 21.97 4.2 4.76 6.8 4.36 3.8 6.18 3.3 2.70 8.7 3.97 3.3

Service-providing industries(4)

45.06 1.8 31.89 1.8 13.17 2.1 3.52 2.6 1.75 4.8 3.20 2.4 1.49 3.3 3.22 1.1

1-99 workers

35.57 2.0 26.57 2.0 9.00 2.4 2.30 3.3 1.00 7.7 2.11 3.8 0.83 4.4 2.75 1.5

1-49 workers

34.71 2.0 26.15 2.0 8.56 2.5 2.19 3.6 0.95 10.1 1.94 4.1 0.75 4.5 2.72 1.6

50-99 workers

38.35 4.3 27.93 4.2 10.41 5.2 2.66 7.0 1.16 8.7 2.66 6.0 1.07 7.8 2.86 3.3

100 workers or more

56.85 2.3 38.50 2.4 18.34 2.5 5.03 3.1 2.67 5.4 4.55 2.3 2.30 4.0 3.79 1.5

100-499 workers

47.55 3.9 33.32 3.9 14.23 3.9 3.92 5.7 1.91 7.2 3.56 3.5 1.55 7.8 3.30 2.2

500 workers or more

67.85 3.0 44.64 3.1 23.21 3.1 6.35 3.9 3.57 6.3 5.73 2.5 3.19 4.3 4.36 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities industry

37.72 2.0 27.16 2.0 10.56 2.2 2.46 3.0 1.15 3.5 2.69 3.0 1.31 5.9 2.95 1.4

1-99 workers

34.75 3.1 26.17 3.0 8.58 3.9 2.04 5.1 0.87 9.9 2.05 5.1 0.82 7.5 2.80 2.2

1-49 workers

34.05 3.9 25.98 3.8 8.07 5.0 1.94 6.7 0.82 14.3 1.82 5.4 0.73 9.9 2.76 2.7

50-99 workers

37.08 3.9 26.81 3.5 10.27 5.5 2.38 6.2 1.04 6.2 2.79 9.1 1.10 6.9 2.97 3.3

100 workers or more

41.25 2.9 28.35 2.8 12.90 3.5 2.96 4.6 1.48 4.7 3.45 3.5 1.90 7.3 3.12 1.8

100-499 workers

34.63 2.9 24.47 2.6 10.16 3.8 2.37 5.6 1.10 7.0 2.74 3.6 1.20 7.3 2.75 1.9

500 workers or more

57.43 5.3 37.81 5.7 19.62 5.1 4.42 6.3 2.38 6.2 5.17 5.2 3.63 8.8 4.02 3.6

Wholesale trade industry

52.24 3.9 37.09 3.9 15.15 4.3 4.12 6.4 1.93 7.4 3.58 4.3 1.78 9.5 3.74 2.8

1-99 workers

48.40 4.1 35.24 4.1 13.16 4.7 3.48 5.9 1.48 8.1 3.20 6.1 1.43 9.0 3.57 3.3

1-49 workers

47.82 4.7 35.18 4.7 12.64 5.3 3.36 6.3 1.33 10.4 3.02 6.1 1.40 11.3 3.52 3.7

100 workers or more

60.09 7.4 40.86 7.5 19.22 7.6 5.43 10.8 2.85 10.1 4.35 5.2 2.51 13.8 4.08 5.7

100-499 workers

54.83 7.7 37.54 8.0 17.29 7.6 4.81 11.5 2.45 10.7 4.15 6.8 2.02 13.6 3.86 6.0

Retail trade industry

25.89 1.6 19.91 1.5 5.99 2.5 1.31 3.7 0.55 5.8 1.47 3.5 0.52 5.3 2.14 1.3

1-99 workers

25.32 2.5 20.06 2.3 5.26 3.6 1.15 5.7 0.43 7.9 1.15 6.3 0.38 10.8 2.15 2.0

1-49 workers

24.66 3.1 19.72 2.7 4.94 5.0 1.07 6.9 0.41 10.3 1.04 8.6 0.31 14.9 2.12 2.5

50-99 workers

27.89 3.9 21.40 3.7 6.49 5.3 1.46 8.7 0.53 10.4 1.59 6.6 0.64 13.6 2.28 3.3

100 workers or more

26.74 1.7 19.68 1.4 7.06 2.7 1.54 3.8 0.72 6.1 1.94 2.8 0.72 4.4 2.13 1.2

100-499 workers

26.72 1.6 19.67 1.4 7.05 2.5 1.55 3.7 0.70 5.7 1.94 2.5 0.72 4.2 2.14 1.1

Transportation and warehousing industry

48.58 5.3 33.24 5.9 15.34 4.7 3.28 6.8 1.70 10.4 4.24 5.7 2.26 9.7 3.87 3.9

1-99 workers

46.39 11.6 33.70 12.3 12.70 12.1 2.86 18.4 (5)1.48 34.7 3.25 15.2 1.19 14.9 3.92 7.3

1-49 workers

49.50 16.1 36.56 16.6 12.93 17.6 3.04 25.8 (5)1.67 49.5 2.92 19.3 1.16 22.9 4.14 9.9

100 workers or more

49.68 5.7 33.01 5.8 16.67 6.0 3.49 7.5 1.81 5.4 4.73 6.0 2.79 11.7 3.84 3.8

100-499 workers

39.24 6.1 26.90 5.1 12.34 8.6 2.58 10.8 1.21 10.5 3.61 10.0 1.48 19.1 3.46 4.5

Information industry

78.24 3.7 50.47 4.0 27.77 3.6 8.06 4.1 3.99 7.8 7.10 3.7 3.64 8.4 4.97 3.1

1-99 workers

60.79 6.1 40.09 5.6 20.70 8.4 5.56 9.2 1.99 10.7 5.70 5.7 3.28 24.6 4.17 5.3

100 workers or more

97.23 5.1 61.77 5.5 35.46 5.1 10.79 5.0 6.17 8.3 8.62 4.4 4.04 9.9 5.85 4.5

100-499 workers

81.72 7.2 53.08 8.0 28.64 6.1 8.66 8.5 4.13 9.3 7.57 4.9 3.27 9.4 5.00 7.0

500 workers or more

108.51 6.8 68.09 7.3 40.42 6.6 12.33 6.9 7.66 9.0 9.38 5.6 4.59 13.8 6.46 5.9

Financial activities industry

63.96 2.0 41.72 1.8 22.24 3.0 5.83 2.4 4.28 11.6 5.83 1.7 2.31 2.5 3.98 1.6

1-99 workers

53.01 2.8 36.22 2.7 16.78 4.0 4.47 4.0 2.64 19.8 4.68 3.1 1.50 5.2 3.49 2.2

1-49 workers

50.82 2.9 34.95 2.8 15.88 4.6 4.22 4.5 2.45 24.3 4.48 3.3 1.35 5.7 3.38 2.3

100 workers or more

77.00 2.4 48.27 2.2 28.73 3.5 7.45 2.4 6.23 12.3 7.21 1.7 3.28 3.6 4.56 2.0

100-499 workers

72.33 4.7 45.77 3.5 26.57 8.6 6.71 5.0 6.37 28.4 6.44 3.7 2.75 8.4 4.29 3.4

500 workers or more

80.30 2.3 50.04 2.2 30.26 2.6 7.97 2.5 6.14 5.8 7.75 1.7 3.65 3.2 4.75 1.9

Professional and business services industry

59.15 3.4 41.38 3.5 17.78 4.0 5.01 5.0 2.87 9.0 4.02 4.6 1.86 7.0 4.03 2.7

1-99 workers

48.66 3.5 35.38 3.7 13.28 4.1 3.59 5.4 1.81 8.1 2.98 6.1 1.33 12.8 3.57 2.7

1-49 workers

46.85 4.3 34.25 4.4 12.61 5.0 3.31 7.0 1.68 11.0 2.80 6.9 1.33 16.8 3.48 3.5

50-99 workers

53.96 6.8 38.70 6.7 15.26 8.4 4.43 11.2 2.17 18.6 3.50 9.4 1.30 14.6 3.85 5.1

100 workers or more

68.27 4.7 46.58 4.8 21.68 5.5 6.23 7.0 3.78 12.6 4.91 5.6 2.32 7.3 4.43 3.7

100-499 workers

61.24 5.1 42.59 5.1 18.65 5.5 5.42 7.9 2.84 10.0 4.50 5.4 1.86 10.6 4.03 4.5

500 workers or more

76.34 7.2 51.18 7.5 25.16 8.2 7.17 11.1 4.87 16.0 5.39 8.8 2.85 9.8 4.89 6.5

Education and health services industry

48.85 4.8 34.55 5.0 14.30 4.8 4.16 6.2 1.58 10.3 3.56 4.9 1.65 7.9 3.35 3.1

1-99 workers

35.28 6.5 26.74 6.5 8.53 7.7 2.40 9.3 (5)0.81 33.0 2.04 10.9 0.59 14.3 2.70 5.1

1-49 workers

33.23 6.0 25.42 5.8 7.80 8.3 2.20 9.8 (5)0.78 43.4 1.73 14.1 0.46 16.4 2.64 5.3

50-99 workers

42.50 13.6 31.40 14.4 11.10 12.8 3.12 18.1 0.92 18.6 3.12 11.2 1.03 20.9 2.90 9.8

100 workers or more

60.31 4.5 41.14 4.7 19.17 4.4 5.65 5.7 2.22 7.0 4.85 4.0 2.55 7.0 3.90 2.8

100-499 workers

51.67 12.8 37.26 12.8 14.42 13.0 4.53 17.1 1.41 14.6 3.52 11.3 1.53 25.1 3.42 6.9

500 workers or more

66.54 3.9 43.95 4.0 22.59 4.1 6.45 5.6 2.81 6.7 5.80 3.0 3.28 6.2 4.25 3.2

Educational services industry

56.09 3.0 40.33 2.9 15.76 3.5 4.56 4.1 0.51 12.4 4.24 4.5 2.67 6.2 3.77 2.4

1-99 workers

43.24 5.8 33.38 5.2 9.86 9.1 2.54 10.7 0.36 29.6 2.33 16.3 1.32 14.6 3.30 4.4

100 workers or more

65.38 2.6 45.36 2.6 20.02 3.2 6.02 3.4 0.62 10.0 5.62 3.8 3.64 5.9 4.11 2.3

100-499 workers

50.28 4.4 35.89 4.1 14.39 6.6 4.25 7.7 0.22 24.0 4.27 7.8 2.30 18.4 3.36 4.1

500 workers or more

75.21 3.2 51.52 3.5 23.69 3.1 7.17 3.8 0.88 9.8 6.50 2.9 4.52 4.2 4.61 2.8

Health care and social assistance industry

47.81 5.6 33.72 5.8 14.09 5.6 4.10 7.1 1.73 10.7 3.46 5.6 1.50 9.7 3.29 3.5

1-99 workers

34.24 7.4 25.88 7.5 8.36 8.7 2.39 10.5 (5)0.87 34.8 2.00 12.3 0.49 18.3 2.62 5.8

1-49 workers

32.40 6.9 24.70 6.7 7.70 9.3 2.19 11.0 (5)0.83 45.6 1.72 15.6 0.38 20.9 2.57 6.0

50-99 workers

40.92 16.4 30.14 17.3 10.78 15.1 3.08 20.8 1.01 19.6 3.01 12.8 0.89 27.1 2.79 11.8

100 workers or more

59.52 5.3 40.49 5.5 19.03 5.1 5.59 6.6 2.47 7.1 4.73 4.6 2.38 8.5 3.87 3.2

100-499 workers

51.88 14.6 37.46 14.6 14.42 14.9 4.57 19.4 1.58 14.9 3.41 13.4 (5)1.42 31.0 3.43 7.9

500 workers or more

65.12 4.6 42.71 4.7 22.42 4.8 6.33 6.6 3.13 7.0 5.69 3.5 3.08 7.6 4.19 3.7

Leisure and hospitality industry

20.13 2.6 16.48 2.3 3.65 5.9 0.63 10.2 0.24 8.8 0.70 14.7 0.23 15.2 1.83 1.6

1-99 workers

18.23 2.7 15.39 2.4 2.84 5.5 0.40 12.7 0.19 10.3 0.42 18.3 0.10 16.4 1.73 2.0

1-49 workers

18.33 3.0 15.60 2.9 2.73 5.0 0.40 10.2 0.17 14.9 0.32 20.4 0.08 17.6 1.76 2.8

50-99 workers

17.98 5.1 14.90 4.3 3.09 11.2 0.38 27.5 0.24 10.1 0.65 24.7 0.16 21.0 1.65 6.7

100 workers or more

27.25 5.4 20.57 5.3 6.68 8.9 1.52 10.1 0.44 11.2 1.77 16.9 0.73 21.3 2.22 5.1

100-499 workers

24.62 8.5 19.28 8.5 5.33 12.1 1.11 16.6 0.46 16.6 1.24 24.1 0.42 29.5 2.10 7.9

500 workers or more

31.03 6.3 22.42 6.7 8.61 9.1 2.10 11.9 0.40 16.4 2.54 15.3 1.17 23.7 2.39 6.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(2) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
(4) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(5) The relative standard error for this estimate is equal to or greater than 30 percent.

Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division [Mar. 2025]
Area(1) Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3)

Northeast

56.31 4.8 38.99 5.2 17.33 4.5 4.70 6.3 2.07 9.8 4.37 4.6 2.18 6.4 4.01 2.8

New England

56.17 3.9 38.56 3.8 17.61 4.8 5.00 5.9 2.00 13.2 4.61 6.5 2.17 5.7 3.83 2.5

Middle Atlantic

56.37 6.4 39.14 6.8 17.23 6.2 4.59 8.8 2.09 13.4 4.28 6.1 2.19 8.6 4.08 3.5

South

39.71 1.7 28.48 1.6 11.23 2.2 2.86 2.3 1.64 5.2 2.76 3.5 1.16 5.8 2.81 1.4

South Atlantic

41.56 1.8 29.77 1.6 11.78 2.9 3.10 2.8 1.67 5.2 2.81 5.5 1.26 8.6 2.94 1.4

East South Central

32.98 4.5 23.82 4.1 9.16 5.7 2.13 6.0 1.30 9.0 2.52 5.5 0.82 13.3 2.38 3.9

West South Central

39.86 3.1 28.56 3.4 11.30 3.9 2.81 4.4 1.75 13.1 2.78 5.0 1.17 5.7 2.79 2.5

Midwest

41.81 1.9 29.01 1.7 12.80 2.5 3.00 3.9 1.91 4.6 3.40 3.7 1.47 5.2 3.03 1.4

East North Central

42.73 2.1 29.45 2.0 13.28 2.5 3.07 4.5 2.06 3.9 3.46 4.4 1.62 6.1 3.06 1.6

West North Central

39.91 3.8 28.10 3.2 11.80 5.4 2.83 7.4 1.60 13.3 3.26 6.4 1.16 7.9 2.95 2.7

West

49.50 3.2 34.73 3.0 14.77 4.0 3.80 5.0 2.11 10.8 3.42 3.7 1.66 5.3 3.77 1.6

Mountain

41.35 1.8 29.97 1.5 11.37 2.7 2.87 3.7 1.57 5.3 2.73 4.5 1.11 6.6 3.10 1.9

Pacific

53.79 4.4 37.23 4.2 16.56 5.3 4.29 6.5 2.40 14.3 3.78 4.9 1.96 6.4 4.13 2.1

Footnotes
(1) The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.

Table 8. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by metropolitan areas [Mar. 2025]
Area(1) Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries Total benefits
Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3) Cost ($) RSE(3)

Northeast Region

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

55.96 5.5 37.76 4.9 18.20 7.2

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

57.09 5.8 39.36 5.4 17.74 7.8

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

58.74 6.3 39.82 6.8 18.92 6.6

South Region

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

43.92 6.3 31.05 5.9 12.87 7.9

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

42.42 4.8 29.94 4.3 12.48 6.7

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

45.87 11.5 31.60 10.3 14.28 16.1

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

36.37 5.4 26.50 5.2 9.87 7.4

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

60.31 5.8 42.81 4.7 17.50 8.7

Midwest Region

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

48.00 4.9 33.12 4.6 14.88 5.8

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

54.83 7.1 36.24 7.1 18.59 8.6

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

46.50 8.9 32.87 8.7 13.63 10.0

West Region

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

48.20 3.8 33.11 2.7 15.09 7.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

41.64 8.4 30.04 7.0 11.60 13.1

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

71.63 12.6 49.43 11.2 22.20 15.7

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

65.88 8.2 45.00 8.0 20.88 9.0

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the March 2019 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.

 

Last Modified Date: June 13, 2025