Productivity
Output per hour in manufacturing and selected fashion-related manufacturing industries, 1987–2010
Year |
Output per hour |
Manufacturing |
Textile mills |
Apparel manufacturing |
Footwear manufacturing |
1987 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
1988 |
102.1 |
100.2 |
100.3 |
101.1 |
1989 |
103.1 |
104.3 |
96.5 |
99.5 |
1990 |
105.4 |
104.8 |
100.9 |
100.5 |
1991 |
108.1 |
106.0 |
102.5 |
96.5 |
1992 |
112.2 |
111.3 |
105.6 |
107.8 |
1993 |
115.1 |
115.3 |
110.7 |
106.5 |
1994 |
119.2 |
121.6 |
116.0 |
116.0 |
1995 |
124.6 |
123.9 |
122.9 |
123.2 |
1996 |
129.1 |
126.6 |
131.4 |
131.3 |
1997 |
136.1 |
135.8 |
136.9 |
128.5 |
1998 |
143.7 |
138.9 |
137.5 |
130.4 |
1999 |
150.7 |
144.6 |
150.1 |
151.0 |
2000 |
157.4 |
144.2 |
158.2 |
160.1 |
2001 |
160.4 |
149.3 |
157.1 |
171.9 |
2002 |
172.1 |
167.1 |
137.9 |
129.4 |
2003 |
182.8 |
185.7 |
146.1 |
137.0 |
2004 |
187.0 |
188.8 |
134.7 |
142.3 |
2005 |
195.9 |
205.3 |
138.9 |
149.9 |
2006 |
197.7 |
204.3 |
134.5 |
158.3 |
2007 |
205.4 |
210.2 |
93.0 |
141.2 |
2008 |
204.4 |
208.8 |
81.3 |
167.5 |
2009 |
205.5 |
208.0 |
74.3 |
160.7 |
2010 |
219.1 |
220.5 |
77.0 |
185.6 |
Real output in manufacturing and selected fashion-related manufacturing industries, 1987–2010
Year |
Total output |
Manufacturing |
Textile mills |
Apparel manufacturing |
Footwear manufacturing |
1987 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
1988 |
105.2 |
98.9 |
98.9 |
98.6 |
1989 |
106.9 |
101.0 |
94.8 |
92.6 |
1990 |
106.6 |
95.4 |
93.5 |
88.8 |
1991 |
104.7 |
95.8 |
94.6 |
78.6 |
1992 |
108.2 |
101.6 |
97.5 |
84.8 |
1993 |
112.4 |
106.3 |
99.9 |
81.9 |
1994 |
119.1 |
112.4 |
102.0 |
82.8 |
1995 |
125.3 |
110.2 |
102.0 |
76.5 |
1996 |
129.6 |
106.1 |
99.0 |
69.9 |
1997 |
139.1 |
113.4 |
97.8 |
63.7 |
1998 |
146.5 |
111.5 |
90.9 |
55.7 |
1999 |
152.6 |
107.9 |
86.1 |
57.5 |
2000 |
157.3 |
104.0 |
81.4 |
54.6 |
2001 |
149.8 |
91.2 |
70.8 |
46.8 |
2002 |
149.3 |
92.5 |
53.3 |
31.8 |
2003 |
150.9 |
87.7 |
49.0 |
32.2 |
2004 |
153.5 |
82.4 |
40.7 |
30.2 |
2005 |
159.1 |
84.0 |
38.3 |
31.4 |
2006 |
161.7 |
75.1 |
35.5 |
31.5 |
2007 |
165.2 |
68.4 |
23.9 |
26.4 |
2008 |
157.9 |
58.3 |
18.3 |
29.6 |
2009 |
138.0 |
47.6 |
14.3 |
24.1 |
2010 |
147.2 |
52.1 |
14.3 |
25.3 |
Hours worked in manufacturing and selected fashion-related manufacturing industries, 1987–2010
Year |
Hours |
Manufacturing |
Textile mills |
Apparel manufacturing |
Footwear manufacturing |
1987 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
1988 |
103.0 |
98.6 |
98.6 |
97.5 |
1989 |
103.7 |
96.8 |
98.3 |
93.1 |
1990 |
101.1 |
91.0 |
92.6 |
88.3 |
1991 |
96.8 |
90.3 |
92.3 |
81.5 |
1992 |
96.4 |
91.3 |
92.3 |
78.7 |
1993 |
97.6 |
92.2 |
90.3 |
76.9 |
1994 |
99.9 |
92.5 |
87.9 |
71.4 |
1995 |
100.6 |
88.9 |
83.0 |
62.1 |
1996 |
100.4 |
83.8 |
75.3 |
53.2 |
1997 |
102.2 |
83.5 |
71.4 |
49.6 |
1998 |
101.9 |
80.3 |
66.1 |
42.7 |
1999 |
101.2 |
74.6 |
57.4 |
38.1 |
2000 |
99.9 |
72.1 |
51.5 |
34.1 |
2001 |
93.4 |
61.1 |
45.1 |
27.2 |
2002 |
86.8 |
55.3 |
38.7 |
24.6 |
2003 |
82.5 |
47.2 |
33.5 |
23.5 |
2004 |
82.1 |
43.7 |
30.2 |
21.2 |
2005 |
81.2 |
40.9 |
27.6 |
20.9 |
2006 |
81.8 |
36.7 |
26.4 |
19.9 |
2007 |
80.4 |
32.5 |
25.7 |
18.7 |
2008 |
77.2 |
27.9 |
22.5 |
17.7 |
2009 |
67.2 |
22.9 |
19.3 |
15.0 |
2010 |
67.2 |
23.6 |
18.6 |
13.6 |
Unit labor costs in manufacturing and selected fashion-related manufacturing industries, 1987–2010
Year |
Unit labor costs |
Manufacturing |
Textile mills |
Apparel manufacturing |
Footwear manufacturing |
1987 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
1988 |
101.4 |
103.6 |
104.0 |
103.6 |
1989 |
103.5 |
105.3 |
108.2 |
109.0 |
1990 |
106.1 |
108.8 |
110.9 |
112.4 |
1991 |
109.6 |
108.4 |
109.3 |
115.3 |
1992 |
110.5 |
112.3 |
111.0 |
110.0 |
1993 |
110.2 |
110.0 |
111.0 |
116.2 |
1994 |
109.1 |
110.6 |
106.4 |
113.2 |
1995 |
106.0 |
112.3 |
105.5 |
116.9 |
1996 |
104.1 |
114.0 |
101.0 |
120.6 |
1997 |
101.1 |
102.1 |
99.9 |
124.7 |
1998 |
101.7 |
101.8 |
101.6 |
134.7 |
1999 |
101.2 |
100.6 |
99.0 |
126.6 |
2000 |
104.4 |
102.7 |
97.4 |
121.6 |
2001 |
106.3 |
103.0 |
100.8 |
130.2 |
2002 |
104.6 |
96.9 |
105.5 |
151.0 |
2003 |
106.3 |
97.4 |
104.6 |
143.5 |
2004 |
104.8 |
95.6 |
111.8 |
148.5 |
2005 |
103.3 |
88.4 |
105.0 |
137.2 |
2006 |
104.5 |
92.2 |
111.4 |
125.9 |
2007 |
103.8 |
97.3 |
148.6 |
145.1 |
2008 |
108.7 |
100.1 |
176.1 |
132.9 |
2009 |
113.1 |
99.6 |
172.9 |
142.9 |
2010 |
107.8 |
91.6 |
168.7 |
146.2 |
Source: Labor Productivity and Costs | Chart