International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing, 2012
REPORT (PDF)
Technical Notes (PDF)
Country Notes and Data Sources (PDF)
On This Page
- Chart 1. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2012
- Chart 2. Annual percent change in hourly compensation costs in manufacturing and exchange rates, 2011-2012
- Chart 3. Benefit components of hourly compensation costs as a percent of total compensation, 2012
- Chart 4. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing for China and India, in U.S. dollars, 2002-2010
- Table 1. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, and as a percent of costs in the United States
- Table 2. Average annual percent change in hourly compensation costs in manufacturing and exchange rates
- Table 3. Components of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2012
- Detailed Time Series Tables (XLS)
In comparison with 33 foreign countries covered, U.S. manufacturing hourly compensation costs in 2012 ranked approximately in the middle at $35.67 (see Chart 1). In addition to Australia and Canada, countries with higher hourly compensation costs were primarily in northern and western Europe. Countries with lower hourly compensation costs were primarily in southern and eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
Between 1997 and 2012, compensation costs in manufacturing as a percent of U.S. costs (see Table 1) increased or remained the same in all economies compared except Taiwan, improving U.S. cost competitiveness.
Chart 1.
Changes in a country's compensation costs in U.S. dollars are roughly equivalent to the change in compensation costs in a country's national currency plus the change in the value of the country's currency relative to the U.S. dollar. This relationship is illustrated in Chart 2, where the bars in the right panel for each country can be summed to equal the bars in the left panel. In 2012, nearly all countries had at least moderate increases in hourly compensation costs in national currency, but the currencies of most countries depreciated against the U.S. dollar, resulting in U.S. dollar-denominated hourly compensation costs declining in most countries.
Chart 2.
Chart 3 shows the benefit components of manufacturing employers' compensation costs as a percent of total costs. (See Table 3 for data in U.S. dollars.) Countries are ordered based on social insurance expenditures as a percent of total compensation. In countries with the highest ratio of social insurance costs, such as Sweden, Brazil, and Belgium, social insurance makes up approximately one-third of total compensation costs. In the United States, social insurance costs account for about 24 percent of total compensation, while in the Asian countries, with the exception of the Republic of Korea, social insurance is less than 20 percent.
Directly-paid benefits primarily comprise pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. The percentage of compensation that is directly-paid benefits tends to be higher in many European countries (due in large part to leave pay) and in Japan (where seasonal bonuses are a large portion of costs). Directly-paid benefits are a relatively smaller portion of costs in countries such as the United States, Australia, and Canada.
The total benefits portion of compensation costs can be seen by combining social insurance with directly-paid benefits. Total benefits surpass 40 percent in 14 countries. In contrast, the ratio of benefit costs in the United States is about 33 percent.
Chart 3.
China and India
BLS has developed estimates of hourly compensation costs for employees in the Chinese and Indian manufacturing sectors. Due to various data gaps and methodological issues, compensation costs for China and India are not directly comparable to each other or with the data for other countries found in this report, and therefore are presented separately. Data are available for China through 2009 and for India through 2010.
For China, BLS approximates average hourly compensation costs in manufacturing by filling important data gaps for hours worked per year and for benefit components of labor compensation. Further, the concepts and coverage of Chinese statistics on manufacturing employment and wages often do not follow international standards and can be difficult to understand. Largely because of these data gaps and challenges, BLS estimates for China cannot be considered as robust as the manufacturing statistics for the other countries in this report.
For India, BLS estimates of compensation costs refer to formal manufacturing only, rather than to total manufacturing in the country. Unorganized sector manufacturing workers account for approximately 80 percent of total manufacturing employment in India and earn substantially less than their formal sector counterparts. For this reason, employers' average compensation costs in formal manufacturing overstate average compensation costs for Indian manufacturing as a whole.
Chart 4.
Table 1. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, and as a percent of costs in the United States
Table 1. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, and as a percent of costs in the United States
|
Hourly Compensation Costs |
in U.S. dollars |
U.S.=100 |
1997 (1) |
2012 |
1997 (1) |
2012 |
Norway
|
25.83 |
63.36 |
112 |
178 |
Switzerland
|
30.42 |
57.79 |
132 |
162 |
Belgium
|
28.92 |
52.19 |
125 |
146 |
Sweden
|
25.02 |
49.80 |
109 |
140 |
Denmark
|
23.70 |
48.47 |
103 |
136 |
Australia
|
18.93 |
47.68 |
82 |
134 |
Germany
|
29.16 |
45.79 |
127 |
128 |
Finland
|
22.36 |
42.60 |
97 |
119 |
Austria
|
24.91 |
41.53 |
108 |
116 |
France
|
24.86 |
39.81 |
108 |
112 |
Netherlands
|
22.45 |
39.62 |
97 |
111 |
Ireland
|
16.69 |
38.17 |
72 |
107 |
Canada
|
18.49 |
36.59 |
80 |
103 |
United States
|
23.04 |
35.67 |
100 |
100 |
Japan
|
21.99 |
35.34 |
95 |
99 |
Italy
|
19.76 |
34.18 |
86 |
96 |
United Kingdom
|
19.31 |
31.23 |
84 |
88 |
Spain
|
13.95 |
26.83 |
61 |
75 |
New Zealand
|
12.06 |
24.77 |
52 |
69 |
Singapore
|
12.15 |
24.16 |
53 |
68 |
Korea, Republic of
|
9.22 |
20.72 |
40 |
58 |
Israel
|
11.62 |
20.14 |
50 |
56 |
Greece
|
11.61 |
19.41 |
50 |
54 |
Argentina
|
7.55 |
18.87 |
33 |
53 |
Portugal
|
6.46 |
12.10 |
28 |
34 |
Czech Republic
|
3.25 |
11.95 |
14 |
34 |
Slovakia
|
2.84 |
11.30 |
12 |
32 |
Brazil
|
7.07 |
11.20 |
31 |
31 |
Estonia
|
NA |
10.41 |
NA |
29 |
Taiwan
|
7.04 |
9.46 |
31 |
27 |
Hungary
|
3.05 |
8.95 |
13 |
25 |
Poland
|
3.15 |
8.25 |
14 |
23 |
Mexico
|
3.47 |
6.36 |
15 |
18 |
Philippines
|
1.28 |
2.10 |
6 |
6 |
Note:
'NA' means data not available.
(1) With the exception of Estonia, 1997 is the first year data for all countries are available to BLS.
For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 2. Average annual percent change in hourly compensation costs in manufacturing and exchange rates
Table 2. Average annual percent change in hourly compensation costs in manufacturing and exchange rates
|
1997-2012 |
2011-2012 |
National currency change |
Exchange rate change (1) |
U.S. dollar change (2) |
National currency change |
Exchange rate change (1) |
U.S. dollar change (2) |
Argentina
|
17.6 |
-9.6 |
6.3 |
30.3 |
-9.4 |
18.1 |
Korea, Republic of
|
6.7 |
-1.1 |
5.5 |
9.5 |
-1.7 |
7.6 |
New Zealand
|
3.5 |
1.4 |
4.9 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
5.9 |
Singapore
|
3.5 |
1.2 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
0.6 |
4.5 |
Philippines
|
5.9 |
-2.4 |
3.4 |
1.2 |
2.6 |
3.8 |
Australia
|
4.0 |
2.2 |
6.4 |
2.3 |
0.3 |
2.6 |
United Kingdom
|
3.5 |
-0.2 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
-1.2 |
1.5 |
Taiwan
|
2.2 |
-0.2 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
-0.6 |
1.2 |
Sweden
|
3.9 |
0.8 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
-4.2 |
1.2 |
Canada
|
2.4 |
2.2 |
4.7 |
1.8 |
-1.1 |
0.7 |
United States
|
3.0 |
0.0 |
3.0 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
8.2 |
-7.7 |
-0.1 |
Japan
|
0.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
-0.9 |
-0.2 |
-1.0 |
Mexico
|
7.7 |
-3.3 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
-5.5 |
-1.9 |
Norway
|
4.8 |
1.3 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
-3.7 |
-2.2 |
Hungary
|
8.8 |
-1.2 |
7.4 |
9.3 |
-10.7 |
-2.4 |
Germany
|
2.2 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
4.6 |
-7.7 |
-3.4 |
Austria
|
2.6 |
0.9 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
-7.7 |
-3.9 |
Ireland
|
5.2 |
0.5 |
5.7 |
4.1 |
-7.7 |
-3.9 |
Brazil
|
7.3 |
-3.9 |
3.1 |
12.2 |
-14.4 |
-4.0 |
Slovakia
|
7.0 |
2.4 |
9.6 |
4.0 |
-7.7 |
-4.0 |
Switzerland
|
1.4 |
3.0 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
-5.5 |
-4.3 |
Belgium
|
3.1 |
0.9 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
-7.7 |
-4.7 |
Israel
|
4.5 |
-0.7 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
-7.2 |
-4.7 |
Poland
|
6.6 |
0.0 |
6.6 |
4.5 |
-9.0 |
-4.9 |
Finland
|
3.6 |
0.8 |
4.4 |
2.4 |
-7.7 |
-5.4 |
Italy
|
2.9 |
0.8 |
3.7 |
2.4 |
-7.7 |
-5.4 |
France
|
2.3 |
0.9 |
3.2 |
2.4 |
-7.7 |
-5.5 |
Spain
|
3.6 |
0.8 |
4.5 |
2.2 |
-7.7 |
-5.6 |
Czech Republic
|
5.6 |
3.3 |
9.1 |
4.0 |
-9.6 |
-6.0 |
Denmark
|
4.0 |
0.9 |
4.9 |
1.5 |
-7.6 |
-6.2 |
Netherlands
|
3.0 |
0.9 |
3.9 |
1.6 |
-7.7 |
-6.3 |
Portugal
|
3.5 |
0.8 |
4.3 |
-0.3 |
-7.7 |
-8.0 |
Greece
|
3.3 |
0.2 |
3.5 |
-7.2 |
-7.7 |
-14.4 |
Note:
'NA' means data not available.
(1) Exchange rates are value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar.
(2) U.S. dollar changes are approximately equal to national currency changes plus exchange rate changes for each country.
For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 3. Components of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2012
Table 3. Components of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2012
|
Hourly Compensation Costs |
Total |
Social Insurance(1) |
Direct Pay |
Total |
Directly-Paid Benefits(2) |
Pay for Time Worked(3) |
Norway
|
63.36 |
11.33 |
52.03 |
NA |
NA |
Switzerland
|
57.79 |
8.85 |
48.95 |
10.75 |
38.19 |
Belgium
|
52.19 |
16.79 |
35.40 |
10.54 |
24.86 |
Sweden
|
49.80 |
16.61 |
33.20 |
5.17 |
28.03 |
Denmark
|
48.47 |
4.67 |
43.80 |
7.26 |
36.54 |
Australia
|
47.68 |
9.39 |
38.29 |
4.55 |
33.73 |
Germany
|
45.79 |
9.73 |
36.07 |
9.62 |
26.45 |
Finland
|
42.60 |
9.50 |
33.10 |
8.07 |
25.03 |
Austria
|
41.53 |
10.65 |
30.88 |
8.91 |
21.96 |
France
|
39.81 |
11.92 |
27.89 |
7.38 |
20.51 |
Netherlands
|
39.62 |
8.56 |
31.06 |
8.40 |
22.66 |
Ireland
|
38.17 |
6.68 |
31.50 |
5.71 |
25.78 |
Canada
|
36.59 |
7.30 |
29.30 |
3.62 |
25.68 |
United States
|
35.67 |
8.51 |
27.15 |
3.22 |
23.93 |
Japan
|
35.34 |
6.40 |
28.94 |
8.83 |
20.11 |
Italy
|
34.18 |
9.89 |
24.29 |
4.98 |
19.31 |
United Kingdom
|
31.23 |
4.86 |
26.37 |
4.11 |
22.27 |
Spain
|
26.83 |
6.95 |
19.89 |
5.22 |
14.67 |
New Zealand
|
24.77 |
1.05 |
23.72 |
2.85 |
20.87 |
Singapore
|
24.16 |
4.03 |
20.13 |
4.42 |
15.71 |
Korea, Republic of
|
20.72 |
4.45 |
16.27 |
NA |
NA |
Israel
|
20.14 |
3.47 |
16.67 |
1.45 |
15.22 |
Greece
|
19.41 |
4.48 |
14.93 |
3.64 |
11.29 |
Argentina
|
18.87 |
3.29 |
15.58 |
2.64 |
12.94 |
Portugal
|
12.10 |
2.38 |
9.72 |
2.33 |
7.39 |
Czech Republic
|
11.95 |
3.18 |
8.77 |
1.54 |
7.23 |
Slovakia
|
11.30 |
3.06 |
8.23 |
2.11 |
6.12 |
Brazil
|
11.20 |
3.67 |
7.53 |
1.58 |
5.95 |
Estonia
|
10.41 |
2.71 |
7.69 |
0.94 |
6.75 |
Taiwan
|
9.46 |
1.37 |
8.08 |
NA |
NA |
Hungary
|
8.95 |
2.10 |
6.84 |
1.77 |
5.08 |
Poland
|
8.25 |
1.04 |
7.21 |
2.12 |
5.09 |
Mexico
|
6.36 |
1.92 |
4.45 |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
2.10 |
0.18 |
1.92 |
0.36 |
1.56 |
Note:
'NA' means data not available.
(1) Social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies.
(2) Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind.
(3) Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments.
For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Detailed Time Series Tables
Table 1.1 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Argentina
|
33 |
33 |
34 |
34 |
33 |
32 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
22 |
25 |
31 |
30 |
37 |
45 |
53 |
Australia
|
85 |
82 |
73 |
76 |
66 |
57 |
64 |
79 |
91 |
95 |
96 |
104 |
110 |
98 |
114 |
131 |
134 |
Austria
|
125 |
108 |
107 |
103 |
88 |
83 |
85 |
99 |
106 |
107 |
110 |
119 |
131 |
125 |
115 |
122 |
116 |
Belgium
|
146 |
125 |
125 |
120 |
105 |
98 |
101 |
123 |
136 |
136 |
139 |
148 |
164 |
153 |
146 |
154 |
146 |
Brazil
|
32 |
31 |
29 |
18 |
17 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
20 |
22 |
26 |
24 |
29 |
33 |
31 |
Canada
|
83 |
80 |
75 |
74 |
73 |
68 |
66 |
74 |
81 |
87 |
94 |
97 |
98 |
86 |
99 |
102 |
103 |
Czech Republic
|
15 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
17 |
20 |
22 |
24 |
27 |
31 |
37 |
33 |
33 |
36 |
34 |
Denmark
|
NA |
103 |
103 |
104 |
89 |
88 |
93 |
111 |
122 |
123 |
125 |
139 |
152 |
142 |
138 |
145 |
136 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
10 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
18 |
21 |
27 |
32 |
29 |
27 |
29 |
29 |
Finland
|
111 |
97 |
95 |
92 |
80 |
78 |
82 |
98 |
111 |
112 |
115 |
122 |
134 |
129 |
119 |
127 |
119 |
France
|
124 |
108 |
106 |
101 |
86 |
81 |
85 |
100 |
110 |
108 |
111 |
118 |
127 |
118 |
112 |
119 |
112 |
Germany
|
148 |
127 |
123 |
115 |
102 |
97 |
101 |
119 |
129 |
126 |
129 |
136 |
145 |
134 |
126 |
134 |
128 |
Greece
|
56 |
50 |
48 |
47 |
40 |
34 |
41 |
48 |
54 |
51 |
54 |
62 |
71 |
66 |
64 |
64 |
54 |
Hungary
|
14 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
21 |
22 |
22 |
27 |
30 |
25 |
24 |
26 |
25 |
Ireland
|
75 |
72 |
71 |
70 |
63 |
65 |
69 |
83 |
93 |
95 |
100 |
110 |
124 |
121 |
111 |
112 |
107 |
Israel
|
49 |
50 |
50 |
47 |
49 |
50 |
43 |
44 |
44 |
44 |
45 |
49 |
57 |
51 |
55 |
60 |
56 |
Italy
|
93 |
86 |
82 |
78 |
67 |
64 |
68 |
82 |
92 |
92 |
94 |
99 |
107 |
100 |
96 |
102 |
96 |
Japan
|
105 |
95 |
88 |
98 |
100 |
86 |
79 |
82 |
86 |
84 |
79 |
74 |
84 |
88 |
91 |
101 |
99 |
Korea, Republic of
|
42 |
40 |
28 |
36 |
39 |
34 |
37 |
40 |
43 |
49 |
57 |
61 |
51 |
44 |
51 |
54 |
58 |
Mexico
|
14 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
20 |
19 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
19 |
20 |
17 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
97 |
99 |
97 |
84 |
82 |
87 |
104 |
113 |
110 |
113 |
119 |
131 |
121 |
114 |
119 |
111 |
New Zealand
|
54 |
52 |
43 |
42 |
36 |
33 |
36 |
44 |
50 |
54 |
52 |
59 |
58 |
51 |
59 |
66 |
69 |
Norway
|
NA |
112 |
111 |
111 |
98 |
97 |
111 |
125 |
134 |
140 |
146 |
163 |
175 |
156 |
166 |
182 |
178 |
Philippines
|
6 |
6 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
Poland
|
NA |
14 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
19 |
20 |
24 |
29 |
23 |
23 |
24 |
23 |
Portugal
|
32 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
24 |
23 |
25 |
29 |
32 |
32 |
33 |
35 |
38 |
36 |
34 |
37 |
34 |
Singapore
|
53 |
53 |
49 |
46 |
47 |
47 |
44 |
45 |
45 |
44 |
45 |
49 |
58 |
51 |
56 |
65 |
68 |
Slovakia
|
12 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
15 |
18 |
19 |
22 |
27 |
33 |
33 |
31 |
33 |
32 |
Spain
|
69 |
61 |
60 |
58 |
50 |
48 |
51 |
61 |
68 |
69 |
72 |
77 |
85 |
81 |
77 |
80 |
75 |
Sweden
|
121 |
109 |
107 |
103 |
94 |
84 |
90 |
109 |
118 |
117 |
120 |
133 |
136 |
120 |
125 |
139 |
140 |
Switzerland
|
158 |
132 |
132 |
123 |
108 |
107 |
114 |
129 |
134 |
133 |
134 |
136 |
150 |
148 |
147 |
170 |
162 |
Taiwan
|
32 |
31 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
27 |
25 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
United Kingdom
|
79 |
84 |
88 |
89 |
83 |
79 |
81 |
88 |
97 |
99 |
102 |
110 |
104 |
86 |
84 |
87 |
88 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
69 |
66 |
66 |
# 63 |
59 |
59 |
65 |
70 |
72 |
75 |
78 |
82 |
75 |
78 |
82 |
81 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
73 |
70 |
70 |
# 66 |
62 |
62 |
70 |
75 |
77 |
80 |
83 |
87 |
79 |
82 |
87 |
86 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
101 |
101 |
97 |
# 85 |
82 |
86 |
100 |
110 |
109 |
112 |
119 |
127 |
117 |
112 |
119 |
114 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
105 |
103 |
98 |
# 86 |
82 |
86 |
102 |
112 |
111 |
114 |
121 |
132 |
123 |
116 |
122 |
116 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
14 |
14 |
14 |
# 13 |
14 |
15 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
27 |
32 |
27 |
27 |
29 |
27 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
38 |
31 |
33 |
# 35 |
33 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
38 |
42 |
44 |
42 |
37 |
41 |
45 |
47 |
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 1.2 Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
22.47 |
23.04 |
23.49 |
24.02 |
24.96 |
26.22 |
27.36 |
28.57 |
29.31 |
30.14 |
30.48 |
32.07 |
32.78 |
34.19 |
34.81 |
35.51 |
35.67 |
Argentina
|
7.43 |
7.55 |
8.01 |
8.08 |
8.16 |
8.27 |
3.01 |
3.65 |
4.51 |
5.51 |
6.63 |
8.04 |
10.04 |
10.23 |
12.77 |
15.98 |
18.87 |
Australia
|
19.17 |
18.93 |
17.15 |
18.14 |
16.45 |
15.02 |
17.42 |
22.65 |
26.75 |
28.55 |
29.17 |
33.37 |
35.91 |
33.42 |
39.68 |
46.47 |
47.68 |
Austria
|
28.12 |
24.91 |
25.20 |
24.85 |
21.97 |
21.70 |
23.38 |
28.38 |
31.18 |
32.37 |
33.63 |
38.13 |
42.86 |
42.62 |
39.98 |
43.23 |
41.53 |
Belgium
|
32.71 |
28.92 |
29.30 |
28.74 |
26.14 |
25.78 |
27.76 |
35.01 |
39.95 |
41.00 |
42.49 |
47.46 |
53.88 |
52.27 |
50.72 |
54.76 |
52.19 |
Brazil
|
7.11 |
7.07 |
6.74 |
4.21 |
4.35 |
3.63 |
3.08 |
3.23 |
3.82 |
5.01 |
5.99 |
7.10 |
8.44 |
8.13 |
10.01 |
11.67 |
11.20 |
Canada
|
18.62 |
18.49 |
17.73 |
17.84 |
18.33 |
17.81 |
18.05 |
21.08 |
23.67 |
26.26 |
28.58 |
31.27 |
32.06 |
29.40 |
34.36 |
36.34 |
36.59 |
Czech Republic
|
3.38 |
3.25 |
3.55 |
3.50 |
3.40 |
3.75 |
4.61 |
5.65 |
6.57 |
7.30 |
8.16 |
9.81 |
12.23 |
11.42 |
11.42 |
12.71 |
11.95 |
Denmark
|
NA |
23.70 |
24.17 |
24.94 |
22.21 |
23.00 |
25.45 |
31.70 |
35.68 |
37.05 |
38.23 |
44.43 |
49.70 |
48.60 |
47.93 |
51.67 |
48.47 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
2.55 |
2.68 |
3.11 |
4.11 |
4.86 |
5.51 |
6.53 |
8.65 |
10.56 |
10.03 |
9.47 |
10.42 |
10.41 |
Finland
|
25.01 |
22.36 |
22.40 |
22.08 |
19.87 |
20.42 |
22.49 |
28.12 |
32.47 |
33.72 |
35.19 |
39.27 |
43.85 |
44.25 |
41.44 |
45.05 |
42.60 |
France
|
27.82 |
24.86 |
24.97 |
24.28 |
21.37 |
21.31 |
23.13 |
28.46 |
32.14 |
32.66 |
33.85 |
37.96 |
41.76 |
40.37 |
39.12 |
42.12 |
39.81 |
Germany
|
33.22 |
29.16 |
28.92 |
27.57 |
25.41 |
25.31 |
27.63 |
34.00 |
37.72 |
38.03 |
39.37 |
43.50 |
47.53 |
45.76 |
43.84 |
47.42 |
45.79 |
Greece
|
12.61 |
11.61 |
11.21 |
11.30 |
9.94 |
9.02 |
11.14 |
13.72 |
15.89 |
15.25 |
16.60 |
19.76 |
23.14 |
22.72 |
22.36 |
22.68 |
19.41 |
Hungary
|
3.11 |
3.05 |
3.09 |
3.09 |
2.96 |
3.37 |
4.18 |
5.19 |
6.17 |
6.71 |
6.85 |
8.66 |
9.77 |
8.62 |
8.39 |
9.17 |
8.95 |
Ireland
|
16.87 |
16.69 |
16.66 |
16.89 |
15.76 |
17.01 |
18.88 |
23.64 |
27.18 |
28.64 |
30.41 |
35.40 |
40.53 |
41.21 |
38.57 |
39.74 |
38.17 |
Israel
|
10.90 |
11.62 |
11.67 |
11.38 |
12.25 |
13.01 |
11.79 |
12.47 |
12.81 |
13.27 |
13.86 |
15.72 |
18.54 |
17.55 |
19.22 |
21.14 |
20.14 |
Italy
|
21.00 |
19.76 |
19.20 |
18.73 |
16.64 |
16.83 |
18.61 |
23.42 |
27.11 |
27.71 |
28.53 |
31.82 |
35.11 |
34.32 |
33.57 |
36.15 |
34.18 |
Japan
|
23.67 |
21.99 |
20.59 |
23.59 |
25.02 |
22.43 |
21.48 |
23.41 |
25.27 |
25.25 |
24.03 |
23.72 |
27.48 |
30.03 |
31.75 |
35.71 |
35.34 |
Korea, Republic of
|
9.54 |
9.22 |
6.62 |
8.59 |
9.62 |
9.00 |
10.25 |
11.33 |
12.63 |
14.83 |
17.37 |
19.43 |
16.85 |
15.06 |
17.89 |
19.25 |
20.72 |
Mexico
|
3.05 |
3.47 |
3.57 |
4.02 |
4.70 |
5.41 |
5.59 |
5.31 |
5.26 |
5.61 |
5.88 |
6.17 |
6.47 |
5.70 |
6.14 |
6.49 |
6.36 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
22.45 |
23.25 |
23.28 |
21.04 |
21.59 |
23.73 |
29.66 |
33.01 |
33.29 |
34.37 |
38.30 |
43.09 |
41.39 |
39.54 |
42.26 |
39.62 |
New Zealand
|
12.11 |
12.06 |
10.03 |
10.14 |
9.00 |
8.53 |
9.77 |
12.62 |
14.78 |
16.26 |
15.75 |
18.84 |
19.15 |
17.47 |
20.42 |
23.38 |
24.77 |
Norway
|
NA |
25.83 |
26.07 |
26.56 |
24.50 |
25.35 |
30.28 |
35.59 |
39.34 |
42.04 |
44.57 |
52.14 |
57.35 |
53.39 |
57.66 |
64.76 |
63.36 |
Philippines
|
1.36 |
1.28 |
0.98 |
1.06 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
1.02 |
1.03 |
1.10 |
1.20 |
1.35 |
1.60 |
1.75 |
1.71 |
1.89 |
2.02 |
2.10 |
Poland
|
NA |
3.15 |
3.46 |
3.40 |
3.41 |
3.91 |
4.07 |
4.40 |
4.79 |
5.60 |
6.18 |
7.63 |
9.60 |
7.72 |
8.16 |
8.68 |
8.25 |
Portugal
|
7.13 |
6.46 |
6.68 |
6.61 |
5.94 |
6.06 |
6.70 |
8.19 |
9.24 |
9.54 |
9.96 |
11.21 |
12.61 |
12.34 |
11.94 |
13.15 |
12.10 |
Singapore
|
11.93 |
12.15 |
11.47 |
11.01 |
11.71 |
12.20 |
12.14 |
12.74 |
13.20 |
13.25 |
13.77 |
15.71 |
18.87 |
17.54 |
19.42 |
23.13 |
24.16 |
Slovakia
|
2.73 |
2.84 |
2.89 |
2.59 |
2.60 |
2.69 |
3.24 |
4.38 |
5.20 |
5.82 |
6.56 |
8.53 |
10.72 |
11.24 |
10.72 |
11.77 |
11.30 |
Spain
|
15.48 |
13.95 |
14.15 |
13.91 |
12.40 |
12.49 |
13.85 |
17.42 |
19.82 |
20.74 |
21.80 |
24.79 |
27.75 |
27.86 |
26.66 |
28.44 |
26.83 |
Sweden
|
27.15 |
25.02 |
25.20 |
24.82 |
23.40 |
21.91 |
24.58 |
31.01 |
34.72 |
35.39 |
36.55 |
42.61 |
44.45 |
40.92 |
43.51 |
49.21 |
49.80 |
Switzerland
|
35.52 |
30.42 |
30.98 |
29.60 |
26.92 |
28.09 |
31.10 |
36.79 |
39.41 |
40.10 |
40.91 |
43.53 |
49.23 |
50.54 |
51.10 |
60.40 |
57.79 |
Taiwan
|
7.10 |
7.04 |
6.34 |
6.79 |
7.30 |
7.16 |
6.83 |
6.97 |
7.28 |
7.93 |
8.05 |
8.18 |
8.68 |
7.77 |
8.37 |
9.34 |
9.46 |
United Kingdom
|
17.78 |
19.31 |
20.68 |
21.29 |
20.67 |
20.69 |
22.09 |
25.15 |
28.50 |
29.72 |
31.23 |
35.23 |
34.20 |
29.47 |
29.11 |
30.77 |
31.23 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
15.89 |
15.49 |
15.79 |
# 15.65 |
15.42 |
16.05 |
18.65 |
20.66 |
21.76 |
22.81 |
25.00 |
26.77 |
25.52 |
26.98 |
29.26 |
28.89 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
16.75 |
16.36 |
16.76 |
# 16.57 |
16.32 |
17.08 |
19.92 |
22.10 |
23.26 |
24.36 |
26.69 |
28.49 |
27.18 |
28.66 |
30.97 |
30.53 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
23.35 |
23.64 |
23.21 |
# 21.28 |
21.44 |
23.44 |
28.62 |
32.10 |
32.87 |
34.15 |
38.23 |
41.69 |
40.00 |
38.90 |
42.11 |
40.57 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
24.23 |
24.25 |
23.61 |
# 21.38 |
21.53 |
23.53 |
29.20 |
32.86 |
33.48 |
34.75 |
38.86 |
43.16 |
42.00 |
40.30 |
43.25 |
41.27 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
3.12 |
3.34 |
3.27 |
# 3.18 |
3.56 |
4.11 |
4.89 |
5.61 |
6.31 |
6.89 |
8.57 |
10.45 |
9.30 |
9.33 |
10.18 |
9.73 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
8.65 |
7.19 |
8.04 |
# 8.77 |
8.57 |
8.99 |
9.61 |
10.35 |
11.47 |
12.68 |
14.02 |
13.80 |
12.50 |
14.28 |
15.95 |
16.83 |
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 1.3 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (2000 = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
90 |
92 |
94 |
96 |
100 |
105 |
110 |
114 |
117 |
121 |
122 |
128 |
131 |
137 |
139 |
142 |
143 |
Argentina
|
91 |
93 |
98 |
99 |
100 |
101 |
37 |
45 |
55 |
67 |
81 |
99 |
123 |
125 |
156 |
196 |
231 |
Australia
|
117 |
115 |
104 |
110 |
100 |
91 |
106 |
138 |
163 |
174 |
177 |
203 |
218 |
203 |
241 |
283 |
290 |
Austria
|
128 |
113 |
115 |
113 |
100 |
99 |
106 |
129 |
142 |
147 |
153 |
174 |
195 |
194 |
182 |
197 |
189 |
Belgium
|
125 |
111 |
112 |
110 |
100 |
99 |
106 |
134 |
153 |
157 |
163 |
182 |
206 |
200 |
194 |
210 |
200 |
Brazil
|
163 |
163 |
155 |
97 |
100 |
83 |
71 |
74 |
88 |
115 |
138 |
163 |
194 |
187 |
230 |
268 |
258 |
Canada
|
102 |
101 |
97 |
97 |
100 |
97 |
98 |
115 |
129 |
143 |
156 |
171 |
175 |
160 |
187 |
198 |
200 |
Czech Republic
|
100 |
96 |
104 |
103 |
100 |
110 |
136 |
166 |
193 |
215 |
240 |
289 |
360 |
336 |
336 |
374 |
352 |
Denmark
|
NA |
107 |
109 |
112 |
100 |
104 |
115 |
143 |
161 |
167 |
172 |
200 |
224 |
219 |
216 |
233 |
218 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
100 |
105 |
122 |
161 |
190 |
216 |
256 |
339 |
414 |
393 |
371 |
408 |
408 |
Finland
|
126 |
113 |
113 |
111 |
100 |
103 |
113 |
142 |
163 |
170 |
177 |
198 |
221 |
223 |
209 |
227 |
214 |
France
|
130 |
116 |
117 |
114 |
100 |
100 |
108 |
133 |
150 |
153 |
158 |
178 |
195 |
189 |
183 |
197 |
186 |
Germany
|
131 |
115 |
114 |
109 |
100 |
100 |
109 |
134 |
148 |
150 |
155 |
171 |
187 |
180 |
173 |
187 |
180 |
Greece
|
127 |
117 |
113 |
114 |
100 |
91 |
112 |
138 |
160 |
153 |
167 |
199 |
233 |
229 |
225 |
228 |
195 |
Hungary
|
105 |
103 |
104 |
104 |
100 |
114 |
141 |
175 |
209 |
227 |
232 |
293 |
330 |
292 |
284 |
310 |
303 |
Ireland
|
107 |
106 |
106 |
107 |
100 |
108 |
120 |
150 |
172 |
182 |
193 |
225 |
257 |
261 |
245 |
252 |
242 |
Israel
|
89 |
95 |
95 |
93 |
100 |
106 |
96 |
102 |
105 |
108 |
113 |
128 |
151 |
143 |
157 |
173 |
164 |
Italy
|
126 |
119 |
115 |
113 |
100 |
101 |
112 |
141 |
163 |
166 |
171 |
191 |
211 |
206 |
202 |
217 |
205 |
Japan
|
95 |
88 |
82 |
94 |
100 |
90 |
86 |
94 |
101 |
101 |
96 |
95 |
110 |
120 |
127 |
143 |
141 |
Korea, Republic of
|
99 |
96 |
69 |
89 |
100 |
94 |
107 |
118 |
131 |
154 |
181 |
202 |
175 |
157 |
186 |
200 |
215 |
Mexico
|
65 |
74 |
76 |
86 |
100 |
115 |
119 |
113 |
112 |
120 |
125 |
131 |
138 |
121 |
131 |
138 |
136 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
107 |
110 |
111 |
100 |
103 |
113 |
141 |
157 |
158 |
163 |
182 |
205 |
197 |
188 |
201 |
188 |
New Zealand
|
135 |
134 |
111 |
113 |
100 |
95 |
109 |
140 |
164 |
181 |
175 |
209 |
213 |
194 |
227 |
260 |
275 |
Norway
|
NA |
105 |
106 |
108 |
100 |
103 |
124 |
145 |
161 |
172 |
182 |
213 |
234 |
218 |
235 |
264 |
259 |
Philippines
|
135 |
128 |
98 |
106 |
100 |
97 |
102 |
102 |
109 |
119 |
134 |
159 |
174 |
170 |
188 |
202 |
209 |
Poland
|
NA |
93 |
102 |
100 |
100 |
115 |
120 |
129 |
141 |
164 |
181 |
224 |
282 |
227 |
240 |
255 |
242 |
Portugal
|
120 |
109 |
112 |
111 |
100 |
102 |
113 |
138 |
156 |
161 |
168 |
189 |
212 |
208 |
201 |
222 |
204 |
Singapore
|
102 |
104 |
98 |
94 |
100 |
104 |
104 |
109 |
113 |
113 |
118 |
134 |
161 |
150 |
166 |
197 |
206 |
Slovakia
|
105 |
109 |
111 |
100 |
100 |
104 |
125 |
169 |
200 |
224 |
253 |
329 |
413 |
433 |
413 |
453 |
435 |
Spain
|
125 |
112 |
114 |
112 |
100 |
101 |
112 |
140 |
160 |
167 |
176 |
200 |
224 |
225 |
215 |
229 |
216 |
Sweden
|
116 |
107 |
108 |
106 |
100 |
94 |
105 |
133 |
148 |
151 |
156 |
182 |
190 |
175 |
186 |
210 |
213 |
Switzerland
|
132 |
113 |
115 |
110 |
100 |
104 |
116 |
137 |
146 |
149 |
152 |
162 |
183 |
188 |
190 |
224 |
215 |
Taiwan
|
97 |
96 |
87 |
93 |
100 |
98 |
94 |
95 |
100 |
109 |
110 |
112 |
119 |
106 |
115 |
128 |
130 |
United Kingdom
|
86 |
93 |
100 |
103 |
100 |
100 |
107 |
122 |
138 |
144 |
151 |
170 |
165 |
143 |
141 |
149 |
151 |
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 1.4 Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
22.47 |
23.04 |
23.49 |
24.02 |
24.96 |
26.22 |
27.36 |
28.57 |
29.31 |
30.14 |
30.48 |
32.07 |
32.78 |
34.19 |
34.81 |
35.51 |
35.67 |
Argentina
|
7.43 |
7.55 |
8.00 |
8.08 |
8.16 |
8.26 |
9.21 |
10.59 |
13.19 |
15.99 |
20.25 |
24.89 |
31.55 |
37.95 |
49.76 |
65.69 |
85.62 |
Australia
|
24.49 |
25.45 |
27.26 |
28.10 |
28.29 |
29.06 |
32.05 |
34.72 |
36.33 |
37.44 |
38.72 |
39.77 |
42.06 |
42.16 |
43.13 |
44.98 |
46.02 |
Austria
|
297.75 |
304.01 |
311.94 |
# 23.33 |
23.80 |
24.24 |
24.74 |
25.07 |
25.07 |
26.00 |
26.77 |
27.81 |
29.10 |
30.58 |
30.15 |
31.03 |
32.30 |
Belgium
|
1012.99 |
1035.53 |
1063.88 |
# 26.98 |
28.31 |
28.80 |
29.36 |
30.93 |
32.12 |
32.94 |
33.82 |
34.62 |
36.59 |
37.51 |
38.25 |
39.31 |
40.58 |
Brazil
|
7.14 |
7.62 |
7.83 |
7.66 |
7.96 |
8.54 |
9.01 |
9.92 |
11.17 |
12.21 |
13.01 |
13.82 |
15.46 |
16.24 |
17.62 |
19.52 |
21.89 |
Canada
|
25.40 |
25.61 |
26.30 |
26.51 |
27.23 |
27.58 |
28.35 |
29.53 |
30.81 |
31.82 |
32.41 |
33.57 |
34.18 |
33.56 |
35.39 |
35.93 |
36.58 |
Czech Republic
|
91.83 |
102.87 |
114.46 |
120.86 |
131.15 |
142.51 |
150.89 |
159.34 |
168.89 |
174.93 |
184.33 |
199.18 |
208.75 |
217.78 |
218.05 |
224.99 |
233.95 |
Denmark
|
NA |
156.67 |
162.00 |
174.35 |
179.76 |
191.68 |
200.70 |
208.52 |
213.67 |
222.12 |
227.17 |
241.77 |
252.90 |
260.36 |
269.68 |
276.61 |
280.75 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
43.33 |
46.75 |
51.61 |
56.90 |
61.20 |
69.39 |
81.38 |
98.86 |
112.91 |
112.89 |
111.85 |
# 7.48 |
8.09 |
Finland
|
114.88 |
116.07 |
119.68 |
# 20.73 |
21.52 |
22.81 |
23.79 |
24.84 |
26.10 |
27.09 |
28.01 |
28.64 |
29.78 |
31.75 |
31.25 |
32.34 |
33.13 |
France
|
142.32 |
145.17 |
147.33 |
# 22.79 |
23.15 |
23.80 |
24.47 |
25.14 |
25.84 |
26.24 |
26.94 |
27.68 |
28.36 |
28.97 |
29.50 |
30.23 |
30.96 |
Germany
|
49.99 |
50.59 |
50.89 |
# 25.88 |
27.53 |
28.28 |
29.23 |
30.03 |
30.33 |
30.55 |
31.34 |
31.73 |
32.28 |
32.84 |
33.06 |
34.04 |
35.61 |
Greece
|
3035.82 |
3169.63 |
3313.04 |
3467.14 |
3633.20 |
# 10.08 |
11.78 |
12.12 |
12.78 |
12.25 |
13.22 |
14.41 |
15.71 |
16.31 |
16.86 |
16.28 |
15.10 |
Hungary
|
475.33 |
570.26 |
661.48 |
732.37 |
834.65 |
965.19 |
1079.06 |
1163.88 |
1250.99 |
1339.23 |
1441.81 |
1590.78 |
1682.02 |
1744.66 |
1745.28 |
1843.11 |
2014.20 |
Ireland
|
10.54 |
10.99 |
11.69 |
# 15.85 |
17.07 |
19.00 |
19.97 |
20.88 |
21.85 |
23.01 |
24.21 |
25.82 |
27.53 |
29.57 |
29.09 |
28.52 |
29.68 |
Israel
|
34.80 |
40.08 |
44.36 |
47.13 |
49.94 |
54.71 |
55.85 |
56.81 |
57.40 |
59.55 |
61.74 |
64.59 |
66.53 |
69.01 |
71.85 |
75.63 |
77.66 |
Italy
|
32395.51 |
33665.92 |
33350.10 |
# 17.58 |
18.03 |
18.81 |
19.69 |
20.69 |
21.80 |
22.26 |
22.71 |
23.20 |
23.84 |
24.63 |
25.31 |
25.95 |
26.58 |
Japan
|
2574.31 |
2661.95 |
2696.63 |
2682.89 |
2697.41 |
2727.04 |
2690.19 |
2714.45 |
2732.94 |
2780.60 |
2794.96 |
2793.10 |
2840.73 |
2812.92 |
2787.43 |
2846.02 |
2820.54 |
Korea, Republic of
|
7682.03 |
8786.38 |
9269.48 |
10221.16 |
10879.69 |
11622.44 |
12811.76 |
13501.28 |
14468.53 |
15182.83 |
16573.22 |
18054.50 |
18509.06 |
19192.54 |
20674.30 |
21305.97 |
23329.16 |
Mexico
|
23.14 |
27.49 |
32.71 |
38.40 |
44.41 |
50.53 |
54.03 |
57.29 |
59.34 |
61.15 |
64.09 |
67.43 |
72.13 |
76.93 |
77.52 |
80.66 |
83.72 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
43.83 |
46.13 |
# 21.85 |
22.79 |
24.11 |
25.10 |
26.20 |
26.54 |
26.74 |
27.36 |
27.94 |
29.26 |
29.70 |
29.82 |
30.34 |
30.81 |
New Zealand
|
17.61 |
18.20 |
18.70 |
19.17 |
19.70 |
20.30 |
21.03 |
21.67 |
22.24 |
23.07 |
24.26 |
25.58 |
26.78 |
27.48 |
28.29 |
29.52 |
30.56 |
Norway
|
NA |
183.03 |
196.90 |
207.39 |
215.90 |
228.04 |
241.73 |
252.01 |
265.14 |
270.82 |
285.68 |
305.31 |
323.25 |
335.87 |
348.57 |
362.77 |
368.62 |
Philippines
|
35.50 |
37.77 |
40.17 |
41.61 |
44.39 |
49.72 |
52.65 |
55.60 |
61.39 |
65.99 |
69.12 |
73.62 |
77.66 |
81.55 |
85.20 |
87.68 |
88.74 |
Poland
|
NA |
10.33 |
12.04 |
13.50 |
14.81 |
16.02 |
16.63 |
17.13 |
17.52 |
18.11 |
19.17 |
21.12 |
23.12 |
24.09 |
24.61 |
25.72 |
26.87 |
Portugal
|
1099.25 |
1133.11 |
1203.40 |
# 6.20 |
6.43 |
6.76 |
7.09 |
7.23 |
7.43 |
7.66 |
7.93 |
8.18 |
8.56 |
8.86 |
9.00 |
9.44 |
9.41 |
Singapore
|
16.82 |
18.05 |
19.18 |
18.67 |
20.21 |
21.88 |
21.74 |
22.21 |
22.31 |
22.04 |
21.87 |
23.67 |
26.69 |
25.51 |
26.47 |
29.07 |
30.19 |
Slovakia
|
83.79 |
95.49 |
101.79 |
107.19 |
119.47 |
129.95 |
146.96 |
161.13 |
167.84 |
180.64 |
194.78 |
210.61 |
229.07 |
8.07 |
8.08 |
8.45 |
8.78 |
Spain
|
1960.69 |
2044.36 |
2113.50 |
# 13.06 |
13.44 |
13.95 |
14.65 |
15.39 |
15.94 |
16.66 |
17.35 |
18.08 |
18.84 |
19.99 |
20.11 |
20.41 |
20.87 |
Sweden
|
182.14 |
191.25 |
200.38 |
205.39 |
214.62 |
226.59 |
238.98 |
250.52 |
255.11 |
264.37 |
269.46 |
287.81 |
292.67 |
313.19 |
313.54 |
319.25 |
337.28 |
Switzerland
|
43.91 |
44.16 |
44.94 |
44.53 |
45.51 |
47.45 |
48.41 |
49.48 |
48.98 |
49.97 |
51.26 |
52.23 |
53.25 |
54.89 |
53.31 |
53.53 |
54.19 |
Taiwan
|
195.08 |
202.70 |
212.52 |
219.54 |
228.22 |
242.08 |
236.02 |
239.68 |
242.96 |
254.79 |
261.76 |
268.73 |
273.70 |
256.59 |
263.54 |
274.45 |
279.49 |
United Kingdom
|
11.39 |
11.79 |
12.48 |
13.16 |
13.64 |
14.37 |
14.70 |
15.39 |
15.55 |
16.33 |
16.94 |
17.60 |
18.44 |
18.82 |
18.84 |
19.18 |
19.70 |
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 1.5 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency basis (2000 = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
90 |
92 |
94 |
96 |
100 |
105 |
110 |
114 |
117 |
121 |
122 |
128 |
131 |
137 |
139 |
142 |
143 |
Argentina
|
91 |
93 |
98 |
99 |
100 |
101 |
113 |
130 |
162 |
196 |
248 |
305 |
387 |
465 |
610 |
805 |
1050 |
Australia
|
87 |
90 |
96 |
99 |
100 |
103 |
113 |
123 |
128 |
132 |
137 |
141 |
149 |
149 |
152 |
159 |
163 |
Austria
|
91 |
93 |
95 |
98 |
100 |
102 |
104 |
105 |
105 |
109 |
113 |
117 |
122 |
129 |
127 |
130 |
136 |
Belgium
|
89 |
91 |
93 |
95 |
100 |
102 |
104 |
109 |
113 |
116 |
119 |
122 |
129 |
132 |
135 |
139 |
143 |
Brazil
|
90 |
96 |
98 |
96 |
100 |
107 |
113 |
125 |
140 |
153 |
164 |
174 |
194 |
204 |
221 |
245 |
275 |
Canada
|
93 |
94 |
97 |
97 |
100 |
101 |
104 |
108 |
113 |
117 |
119 |
123 |
126 |
123 |
130 |
132 |
134 |
Czech Republic
|
70 |
78 |
87 |
92 |
100 |
109 |
115 |
121 |
129 |
133 |
141 |
152 |
159 |
166 |
166 |
172 |
178 |
Denmark
|
NA |
87 |
90 |
97 |
100 |
107 |
112 |
116 |
119 |
124 |
126 |
134 |
141 |
145 |
150 |
154 |
156 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
100 |
108 |
119 |
131 |
141 |
160 |
188 |
228 |
261 |
261 |
258 |
270 |
292 |
Finland
|
90 |
91 |
94 |
96 |
100 |
106 |
111 |
115 |
121 |
126 |
130 |
133 |
138 |
148 |
145 |
150 |
154 |
France
|
94 |
96 |
97 |
98 |
100 |
103 |
106 |
109 |
112 |
113 |
116 |
120 |
122 |
125 |
127 |
131 |
134 |
Germany
|
93 |
94 |
95 |
94 |
100 |
103 |
106 |
109 |
110 |
111 |
114 |
115 |
117 |
119 |
120 |
124 |
129 |
Greece
|
84 |
87 |
91 |
95 |
100 |
95 |
110 |
114 |
120 |
115 |
124 |
135 |
147 |
153 |
158 |
153 |
142 |
Hungary
|
57 |
68 |
79 |
88 |
100 |
116 |
129 |
139 |
150 |
160 |
173 |
191 |
202 |
209 |
209 |
221 |
241 |
Ireland
|
78 |
82 |
87 |
93 |
100 |
111 |
117 |
122 |
128 |
135 |
142 |
151 |
161 |
173 |
170 |
167 |
174 |
Israel
|
70 |
80 |
89 |
94 |
100 |
110 |
112 |
114 |
115 |
119 |
124 |
129 |
133 |
138 |
144 |
151 |
155 |
Italy
|
93 |
96 |
96 |
98 |
100 |
104 |
109 |
115 |
121 |
123 |
126 |
129 |
132 |
137 |
140 |
144 |
147 |
Japan
|
95 |
99 |
100 |
99 |
100 |
101 |
100 |
101 |
101 |
103 |
104 |
104 |
105 |
104 |
103 |
106 |
105 |
Korea, Republic of
|
71 |
81 |
85 |
94 |
100 |
107 |
118 |
124 |
133 |
140 |
152 |
166 |
170 |
176 |
190 |
196 |
214 |
Mexico
|
52 |
62 |
74 |
86 |
100 |
114 |
122 |
129 |
134 |
138 |
144 |
152 |
162 |
173 |
175 |
182 |
189 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
87 |
92 |
96 |
100 |
106 |
110 |
115 |
116 |
117 |
120 |
123 |
128 |
130 |
131 |
133 |
135 |
New Zealand
|
89 |
92 |
95 |
97 |
100 |
103 |
107 |
110 |
113 |
117 |
123 |
130 |
136 |
140 |
144 |
150 |
155 |
Norway
|
NA |
85 |
91 |
96 |
100 |
106 |
112 |
117 |
123 |
125 |
132 |
141 |
150 |
156 |
161 |
168 |
171 |
Philippines
|
80 |
85 |
90 |
94 |
100 |
112 |
119 |
125 |
138 |
149 |
156 |
166 |
175 |
184 |
192 |
198 |
200 |
Poland
|
NA |
70 |
81 |
91 |
100 |
108 |
112 |
116 |
118 |
122 |
129 |
143 |
156 |
163 |
166 |
174 |
181 |
Portugal
|
85 |
88 |
93 |
96 |
100 |
105 |
110 |
113 |
116 |
119 |
123 |
127 |
133 |
138 |
140 |
147 |
146 |
Singapore
|
83 |
89 |
95 |
92 |
100 |
108 |
108 |
110 |
110 |
109 |
108 |
117 |
132 |
126 |
131 |
144 |
149 |
Slovakia
|
70 |
80 |
85 |
90 |
100 |
109 |
123 |
135 |
140 |
151 |
163 |
176 |
192 |
203 |
204 |
213 |
222 |
Spain
|
88 |
91 |
95 |
97 |
100 |
104 |
109 |
115 |
119 |
124 |
129 |
135 |
140 |
149 |
150 |
152 |
155 |
Sweden
|
85 |
89 |
93 |
96 |
100 |
106 |
111 |
117 |
119 |
123 |
126 |
134 |
136 |
146 |
146 |
149 |
157 |
Switzerland
|
96 |
97 |
99 |
98 |
100 |
104 |
106 |
109 |
108 |
110 |
113 |
115 |
117 |
121 |
117 |
118 |
119 |
Taiwan
|
85 |
89 |
93 |
96 |
100 |
106 |
103 |
105 |
106 |
112 |
115 |
118 |
120 |
112 |
115 |
120 |
122 |
United Kingdom
|
84 |
86 |
92 |
97 |
100 |
105 |
108 |
113 |
114 |
120 |
124 |
129 |
135 |
138 |
138 |
141 |
144 |
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 2.1 Indexes of hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Argentina
|
34 |
34 |
35 |
35 |
34 |
33 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
19 |
23 |
27 |
33 |
33 |
40 |
49 |
57 |
Australia
|
89 |
85 |
75 |
77 |
67 |
59 |
64 |
80 |
92 |
96 |
98 |
109 |
114 |
103 |
121 |
139 |
141 |
Austria
|
116 |
100 |
99 |
95 |
81 |
78 |
81 |
95 |
102 |
103 |
106 |
117 |
127 |
122 |
113 |
120 |
114 |
Belgium
|
127 |
110 |
108 |
104 |
89 |
86 |
89 |
109 |
122 |
121 |
124 |
133 |
146 |
137 |
131 |
138 |
130 |
Brazil
|
26 |
26 |
24 |
15 |
15 |
12 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
20 |
23 |
21 |
26 |
29 |
28 |
Canada
|
89 |
86 |
81 |
79 |
79 |
73 |
70 |
78 |
85 |
92 |
98 |
104 |
103 |
91 |
105 |
108 |
108 |
Czech Republic
|
14 |
13 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
16 |
18 |
21 |
23 |
25 |
30 |
36 |
32 |
32 |
35 |
32 |
Denmark
|
NA |
126 |
126 |
123 |
106 |
103 |
108 |
129 |
141 |
142 |
146 |
163 |
178 |
169 |
165 |
174 |
161 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
10 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
21 |
26 |
31 |
28 |
27 |
29 |
28 |
Finland
|
108 |
95 |
94 |
91 |
79 |
78 |
82 |
99 |
112 |
113 |
116 |
126 |
136 |
132 |
123 |
130 |
122 |
France
|
109 |
95 |
93 |
88 |
75 |
71 |
74 |
88 |
97 |
96 |
99 |
109 |
117 |
109 |
104 |
110 |
103 |
Germany
|
143 |
123 |
119 |
112 |
99 |
95 |
99 |
118 |
127 |
126 |
128 |
140 |
149 |
138 |
130 |
138 |
133 |
Greece
|
54 |
49 |
46 |
46 |
39 |
34 |
40 |
48 |
55 |
51 |
55 |
63 |
71 |
67 |
65 |
65 |
55 |
Hungary
|
12 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
21 |
26 |
28 |
25 |
24 |
26 |
25 |
Ireland
|
82 |
80 |
78 |
77 |
69 |
72 |
76 |
92 |
103 |
105 |
109 |
123 |
136 |
130 |
123 |
125 |
116 |
Israel
|
52 |
54 |
53 |
51 |
52 |
53 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
48 |
49 |
54 |
63 |
57 |
61 |
65 |
61 |
Italy
|
79 |
72 |
71 |
67 |
57 |
56 |
59 |
72 |
82 |
82 |
85 |
92 |
99 |
94 |
91 |
96 |
89 |
Japan
|
113 |
102 |
93 |
103 |
105 |
90 |
83 |
87 |
91 |
89 |
84 |
80 |
90 |
95 |
99 |
109 |
107 |
Korea, Republic of
|
44 |
39 |
26 |
32 |
35 |
32 |
36 |
40 |
45 |
52 |
60 |
65 |
54 |
47 |
54 |
57 |
60 |
Mexico
|
11 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
18 |
18 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
16 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
95 |
97 |
95 |
84 |
82 |
86 |
103 |
112 |
111 |
114 |
124 |
135 |
125 |
119 |
124 |
114 |
New Zealand
|
66 |
64 |
52 |
51 |
44 |
40 |
44 |
55 |
63 |
67 |
64 |
75 |
74 |
65 |
75 |
83 |
87 |
Norway
|
NA |
121 |
119 |
118 |
105 |
103 |
117 |
132 |
142 |
148 |
155 |
176 |
188 |
169 |
180 |
198 |
192 |
Philippines
|
7 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
Poland
|
NA |
12 |
13 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
20 |
22 |
27 |
33 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
27 |
Portugal
|
32 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
24 |
23 |
25 |
29 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
37 |
40 |
38 |
37 |
39 |
36 |
Singapore
|
52 |
52 |
49 |
49 |
50 |
49 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
49 |
50 |
55 |
64 |
57 |
62 |
72 |
74 |
Slovakia
|
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
18 |
20 |
25 |
31 |
31 |
30 |
32 |
30 |
Spain
|
65 |
57 |
57 |
54 |
47 |
45 |
48 |
58 |
65 |
66 |
68 |
75 |
82 |
79 |
75 |
79 |
73 |
Sweden
|
107 |
95 |
94 |
89 |
81 |
72 |
78 |
93 |
102 |
101 |
105 |
116 |
120 |
105 |
111 |
123 |
122 |
Switzerland
|
170 |
141 |
141 |
131 |
115 |
115 |
122 |
140 |
146 |
145 |
146 |
151 |
166 |
165 |
165 |
190 |
180 |
Taiwan
|
35 |
34 |
29 |
31 |
32 |
30 |
28 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
29 |
29 |
30 |
25 |
27 |
30 |
30 |
United Kingdom
|
82 |
87 |
92 |
92 |
86 |
84 |
87 |
96 |
107 |
109 |
113 |
123 |
116 |
97 |
94 |
97 |
97 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
70 |
66 |
66 |
# 63 |
59 |
59 |
66 |
72 |
74 |
76 |
81 |
84 |
77 |
81 |
86 |
84 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
73 |
70 |
70 |
# 67 |
63 |
63 |
71 |
77 |
79 |
81 |
87 |
90 |
82 |
86 |
91 |
88 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
98 |
98 |
94 |
# 83 |
80 |
84 |
99 |
109 |
109 |
112 |
122 |
129 |
119 |
115 |
122 |
116 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
99 |
97 |
93 |
# 81 |
78 |
82 |
98 |
108 |
108 |
110 |
121 |
130 |
122 |
116 |
122 |
115 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
12 |
13 |
13 |
# 12 |
13 |
15 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
27 |
32 |
28 |
28 |
30 |
28 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
38 |
31 |
33 |
# 35 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
48 |
46 |
40 |
45 |
49 |
50 |
Note:
Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 2.2 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
17.73 |
18.20 |
18.62 |
19.14 |
19.87 |
20.68 |
21.54 |
22.27 |
22.78 |
23.40 |
23.62 |
24.37 |
25.09 |
25.96 |
26.26 |
26.86 |
27.15 |
Argentina
|
5.95 |
6.13 |
6.51 |
6.67 |
6.78 |
6.91 |
2.48 |
3.02 |
3.73 |
4.55 |
5.48 |
6.64 |
8.29 |
8.45 |
10.55 |
13.20 |
15.58 |
Australia
|
15.77 |
15.47 |
13.98 |
14.72 |
13.37 |
12.10 |
13.82 |
17.86 |
21.02 |
22.47 |
23.10 |
26.51 |
28.52 |
26.63 |
31.75 |
37.29 |
38.29 |
Austria
|
20.53 |
18.17 |
18.37 |
18.13 |
16.06 |
16.06 |
17.37 |
21.16 |
23.34 |
24.20 |
25.10 |
28.41 |
31.87 |
31.69 |
29.73 |
32.14 |
30.88 |
Belgium
|
22.58 |
19.95 |
20.20 |
19.83 |
17.65 |
17.84 |
19.24 |
24.35 |
27.83 |
28.37 |
29.20 |
32.43 |
36.57 |
35.50 |
34.40 |
37.12 |
35.40 |
Brazil
|
4.69 |
4.70 |
4.45 |
2.83 |
2.94 |
2.44 |
2.08 |
2.17 |
2.59 |
3.37 |
4.05 |
4.82 |
5.70 |
5.52 |
6.81 |
7.85 |
7.53 |
Canada
|
15.72 |
15.65 |
15.09 |
15.21 |
15.67 |
15.07 |
15.04 |
17.39 |
19.38 |
21.42 |
23.10 |
25.39 |
25.92 |
23.53 |
27.48 |
29.07 |
29.30 |
Czech Republic
|
2.50 |
2.39 |
2.61 |
2.57 |
2.48 |
2.73 |
3.35 |
4.10 |
4.76 |
5.36 |
5.98 |
7.19 |
8.97 |
8.30 |
8.34 |
9.33 |
8.77 |
Denmark
|
NA |
22.95 |
23.40 |
23.55 |
21.03 |
21.36 |
23.28 |
28.75 |
32.20 |
33.17 |
34.39 |
39.83 |
44.63 |
43.84 |
43.31 |
46.70 |
43.80 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1.90 |
2.00 |
2.30 |
3.05 |
3.61 |
4.10 |
4.87 |
6.45 |
7.81 |
7.32 |
6.98 |
7.71 |
7.69 |
Finland
|
19.21 |
17.30 |
17.46 |
17.34 |
15.72 |
16.13 |
17.74 |
22.15 |
25.54 |
26.44 |
27.51 |
30.61 |
34.07 |
34.38 |
32.20 |
35.00 |
33.10 |
France
|
19.41 |
17.33 |
17.38 |
16.87 |
14.83 |
14.75 |
15.96 |
19.58 |
22.04 |
22.52 |
23.46 |
26.45 |
29.25 |
28.28 |
27.41 |
29.51 |
27.89 |
Germany
|
25.37 |
22.32 |
22.23 |
21.35 |
19.62 |
19.60 |
21.36 |
26.28 |
28.99 |
29.53 |
30.34 |
34.11 |
37.38 |
35.82 |
34.25 |
37.17 |
36.07 |
Greece
|
9.66 |
8.91 |
8.63 |
8.72 |
7.69 |
7.00 |
8.66 |
10.70 |
12.44 |
11.88 |
12.88 |
15.26 |
17.80 |
17.47 |
17.19 |
17.44 |
14.93 |
Hungary
|
2.06 |
2.04 |
2.09 |
2.12 |
2.06 |
2.36 |
2.96 |
3.70 |
4.43 |
4.84 |
5.02 |
6.33 |
7.14 |
6.39 |
6.39 |
7.01 |
6.84 |
Ireland
|
14.61 |
14.51 |
14.52 |
14.75 |
13.80 |
14.79 |
16.45 |
20.45 |
23.38 |
24.48 |
25.84 |
29.89 |
34.01 |
33.65 |
32.18 |
33.47 |
31.50 |
Israel
|
9.22 |
9.80 |
9.83 |
9.67 |
10.38 |
11.02 |
9.90 |
10.50 |
10.85 |
11.12 |
11.61 |
13.09 |
15.78 |
14.82 |
16.03 |
17.40 |
16.67 |
Italy
|
13.95 |
13.13 |
13.21 |
12.89 |
11.38 |
11.53 |
12.81 |
16.12 |
18.66 |
19.19 |
20.02 |
22.47 |
24.95 |
24.39 |
23.85 |
25.69 |
24.29 |
Japan
|
20.08 |
18.57 |
17.30 |
19.74 |
20.86 |
18.62 |
17.79 |
19.34 |
20.82 |
20.75 |
19.73 |
19.46 |
22.53 |
24.61 |
26.01 |
29.25 |
28.94 |
Korea, Republic of
|
7.87 |
7.08 |
4.85 |
6.05 |
7.01 |
6.65 |
7.77 |
8.87 |
10.16 |
12.26 |
14.29 |
15.84 |
13.64 |
12.10 |
14.26 |
15.24 |
16.27 |
Mexico
|
1.98 |
2.28 |
2.37 |
2.70 |
3.16 |
3.61 |
3.77 |
3.61 |
3.61 |
3.89 |
4.06 |
4.28 |
4.47 |
3.93 |
4.30 |
4.54 |
4.45 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
17.28 |
18.05 |
18.21 |
16.60 |
16.87 |
18.53 |
22.95 |
25.61 |
25.99 |
27.03 |
30.32 |
33.92 |
32.58 |
31.15 |
33.29 |
31.06 |
New Zealand
|
11.68 |
11.64 |
9.69 |
9.81 |
8.71 |
8.27 |
9.48 |
12.24 |
14.31 |
15.74 |
15.23 |
18.19 |
18.51 |
16.82 |
19.66 |
22.39 |
23.72 |
Norway
|
NA |
21.95 |
22.15 |
22.57 |
20.81 |
21.35 |
25.29 |
29.48 |
32.30 |
34.53 |
36.60 |
42.82 |
47.10 |
43.85 |
47.35 |
53.18 |
52.03 |
Philippines
|
1.22 |
1.16 |
0.89 |
0.96 |
0.91 |
0.89 |
0.93 |
0.94 |
1.00 |
1.09 |
1.23 |
1.46 |
1.60 |
1.57 |
1.73 |
1.85 |
1.92 |
Poland
|
NA |
2.20 |
2.41 |
2.90 |
2.88 |
3.31 |
3.43 |
3.70 |
4.03 |
4.74 |
5.25 |
6.52 |
8.24 |
6.63 |
7.13 |
7.58 |
7.21 |
Portugal
|
5.61 |
5.11 |
5.31 |
5.28 |
4.77 |
4.86 |
5.37 |
6.55 |
7.37 |
7.62 |
7.97 |
8.99 |
10.13 |
9.91 |
9.59 |
10.56 |
9.72 |
Singapore
|
9.28 |
9.50 |
9.11 |
9.38 |
9.90 |
10.23 |
10.19 |
10.70 |
11.20 |
11.36 |
11.76 |
13.37 |
15.95 |
14.72 |
16.28 |
19.31 |
20.13 |
Slovakia
|
1.88 |
1.96 |
2.01 |
1.83 |
1.83 |
1.93 |
2.31 |
3.08 |
3.78 |
4.24 |
4.75 |
6.16 |
7.73 |
8.02 |
7.77 |
8.58 |
8.23 |
Spain
|
11.55 |
10.42 |
10.58 |
10.42 |
9.30 |
9.36 |
10.36 |
13.00 |
14.75 |
15.41 |
16.17 |
18.31 |
20.62 |
20.46 |
19.70 |
21.22 |
19.89 |
Sweden
|
18.92 |
17.36 |
17.45 |
17.10 |
16.01 |
14.90 |
16.70 |
20.78 |
23.22 |
23.63 |
24.73 |
28.24 |
30.10 |
27.34 |
29.14 |
33.00 |
33.20 |
Switzerland
|
30.06 |
25.75 |
26.22 |
25.04 |
22.78 |
23.74 |
26.26 |
31.09 |
33.33 |
33.90 |
34.57 |
36.80 |
41.62 |
42.77 |
43.28 |
51.16 |
48.95 |
Taiwan
|
6.12 |
6.10 |
5.48 |
5.87 |
6.26 |
6.16 |
5.94 |
6.11 |
6.39 |
6.90 |
6.96 |
7.02 |
7.40 |
6.61 |
7.13 |
8.00 |
8.08 |
United Kingdom
|
14.54 |
15.92 |
17.17 |
17.56 |
17.09 |
17.31 |
18.70 |
21.38 |
24.44 |
25.44 |
26.69 |
30.05 |
29.13 |
25.09 |
24.79 |
26.04 |
26.37 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
12.66 |
12.36 |
12.63 |
# 12.54 |
12.30 |
12.74 |
14.76 |
16.34 |
17.24 |
18.01 |
19.79 |
21.14 |
20.05 |
21.24 |
23.04 |
22.76 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
13.36 |
13.06 |
13.39 |
# 13.25 |
12.99 |
13.53 |
15.74 |
17.45 |
18.39 |
19.20 |
21.10 |
22.47 |
21.34 |
22.54 |
24.37 |
24.03 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
17.88 |
18.20 |
17.91 |
# 16.41 |
16.60 |
18.17 |
22.12 |
24.79 |
25.46 |
26.43 |
29.71 |
32.37 |
30.92 |
30.12 |
32.64 |
31.43 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
18.02 |
18.14 |
17.74 |
# 16.04 |
16.19 |
17.70 |
21.92 |
24.60 |
25.17 |
26.09 |
29.39 |
32.66 |
31.64 |
30.39 |
32.68 |
31.16 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
2.19 |
2.35 |
2.52 |
# 2.44 |
2.74 |
3.14 |
3.71 |
4.27 |
4.84 |
5.31 |
6.61 |
8.09 |
7.15 |
7.30 |
7.98 |
7.63 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
6.89 |
5.68 |
6.35 |
# 6.98 |
6.87 |
7.27 |
7.88 |
8.62 |
9.68 |
10.64 |
11.67 |
11.45 |
10.30 |
11.71 |
13.04 |
13.68 |
Note:
Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 2.3 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
17.73 |
18.20 |
18.62 |
19.14 |
19.87 |
20.68 |
21.54 |
22.27 |
22.78 |
23.40 |
23.62 |
24.37 |
25.09 |
25.96 |
26.26 |
26.86 |
27.15 |
Argentina
|
5.95 |
6.13 |
6.51 |
6.66 |
6.78 |
6.91 |
7.61 |
8.75 |
10.89 |
13.20 |
16.73 |
20.55 |
26.06 |
31.34 |
41.09 |
54.25 |
70.71 |
Australia
|
20.15 |
20.79 |
22.22 |
22.80 |
22.99 |
23.41 |
25.42 |
27.38 |
28.53 |
29.46 |
30.66 |
31.59 |
33.41 |
33.60 |
34.51 |
36.09 |
36.96 |
Austria
|
217.34 |
221.83 |
227.45 |
# 17.02 |
17.40 |
17.94 |
18.37 |
18.69 |
18.76 |
19.44 |
19.98 |
20.72 |
21.64 |
22.74 |
22.42 |
23.07 |
24.01 |
Belgium
|
699.31 |
714.48 |
733.40 |
# 18.61 |
19.12 |
19.93 |
20.35 |
21.51 |
22.37 |
22.79 |
23.24 |
23.66 |
24.84 |
25.47 |
25.94 |
26.64 |
27.53 |
Brazil
|
4.72 |
5.06 |
5.17 |
5.15 |
5.37 |
5.75 |
6.09 |
6.66 |
7.59 |
8.21 |
8.80 |
9.38 |
10.44 |
11.02 |
11.99 |
13.12 |
14.71 |
Canada
|
21.44 |
21.67 |
22.39 |
22.60 |
23.27 |
23.34 |
23.62 |
24.36 |
25.22 |
25.95 |
26.20 |
27.25 |
27.63 |
26.85 |
28.30 |
28.74 |
29.28 |
Czech Republic
|
67.90 |
75.88 |
84.41 |
89.01 |
95.62 |
103.84 |
109.65 |
115.72 |
122.33 |
128.35 |
135.03 |
145.90 |
153.20 |
158.23 |
159.21 |
165.09 |
171.66 |
Denmark
|
NA |
151.69 |
156.85 |
164.64 |
170.28 |
178.00 |
183.63 |
189.07 |
192.87 |
198.86 |
204.35 |
216.73 |
227.11 |
234.87 |
243.68 |
249.99 |
253.73 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
32.24 |
34.97 |
38.25 |
42.20 |
45.48 |
51.60 |
60.66 |
73.75 |
83.56 |
82.40 |
82.37 |
# 5.53 |
5.98 |
Finland
|
88.24 |
89.81 |
93.29 |
# 16.28 |
17.03 |
18.02 |
18.77 |
19.57 |
20.53 |
21.24 |
21.90 |
22.32 |
23.13 |
24.67 |
24.28 |
25.13 |
25.74 |
France
|
99.32 |
101.18 |
102.54 |
# 15.84 |
16.07 |
16.47 |
16.88 |
17.29 |
17.72 |
18.09 |
18.67 |
19.29 |
19.87 |
20.30 |
20.67 |
21.18 |
21.69 |
Germany
|
38.18 |
38.73 |
39.12 |
# 20.04 |
21.26 |
21.89 |
22.59 |
23.21 |
23.31 |
23.72 |
24.15 |
24.88 |
25.38 |
25.70 |
25.83 |
26.68 |
28.05 |
Greece
|
2325.15 |
2433.18 |
2549.08 |
2673.77 |
2808.27 |
# 7.82 |
9.16 |
9.45 |
10.00 |
9.54 |
10.25 |
11.13 |
12.08 |
12.54 |
12.97 |
12.52 |
11.61 |
Hungary
|
314.09 |
381.57 |
448.26 |
502.72 |
580.44 |
676.68 |
762.73 |
829.50 |
899.02 |
966.11 |
1055.16 |
1162.08 |
1228.65 |
1292.66 |
1329.15 |
1409.58 |
1540.43 |
Ireland
|
9.13 |
9.56 |
10.19 |
# 13.85 |
14.94 |
16.52 |
17.40 |
18.06 |
18.80 |
19.67 |
20.57 |
21.80 |
23.10 |
24.15 |
24.27 |
24.02 |
24.49 |
Israel
|
29.43 |
33.79 |
37.34 |
40.03 |
42.32 |
46.37 |
46.90 |
47.83 |
48.62 |
49.91 |
51.71 |
53.77 |
56.60 |
58.29 |
59.95 |
62.26 |
64.28 |
Italy
|
21523.83 |
22367.91 |
22952.23 |
# 12.10 |
12.32 |
12.87 |
13.55 |
14.24 |
15.00 |
15.42 |
15.94 |
16.39 |
16.94 |
17.50 |
17.99 |
18.44 |
18.89 |
Japan
|
2184.54 |
2247.96 |
2266.23 |
2245.53 |
2248.55 |
2264.10 |
2227.70 |
2241.96 |
2251.38 |
2284.71 |
2295.01 |
2292.00 |
2329.57 |
2305.26 |
2282.88 |
2330.87 |
2310.01 |
Korea, Republic of
|
6337.42 |
6750.37 |
6798.05 |
7195.16 |
7925.04 |
8585.92 |
9719.73 |
10568.26 |
11640.91 |
12548.57 |
13633.71 |
14714.47 |
14986.11 |
15428.48 |
16480.88 |
16864.61 |
18322.90 |
Mexico
|
15.07 |
18.09 |
21.68 |
25.82 |
29.89 |
33.66 |
36.46 |
38.91 |
40.72 |
42.36 |
44.24 |
46.75 |
49.77 |
53.02 |
54.24 |
56.38 |
58.47 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
33.75 |
35.81 |
# 17.10 |
17.98 |
18.84 |
19.60 |
20.27 |
20.59 |
20.88 |
21.51 |
22.11 |
23.03 |
23.38 |
23.49 |
23.90 |
24.16 |
New Zealand
|
16.98 |
17.57 |
18.07 |
18.54 |
19.08 |
19.68 |
20.41 |
21.02 |
21.54 |
22.33 |
23.46 |
24.70 |
25.88 |
26.46 |
27.25 |
28.27 |
29.26 |
Norway
|
NA |
155.50 |
167.29 |
176.20 |
183.43 |
192.09 |
201.89 |
208.70 |
217.71 |
222.39 |
234.59 |
250.72 |
265.46 |
275.82 |
286.25 |
297.91 |
302.72 |
Philippines
|
31.99 |
34.05 |
36.20 |
37.51 |
40.19 |
45.20 |
48.05 |
50.83 |
55.90 |
60.19 |
63.14 |
67.36 |
71.06 |
74.62 |
77.96 |
80.23 |
81.20 |
Poland
|
NA |
7.23 |
8.38 |
11.51 |
12.55 |
13.53 |
14.01 |
14.39 |
14.75 |
15.33 |
16.31 |
18.05 |
19.85 |
20.69 |
21.50 |
22.47 |
23.48 |
Portugal
|
864.80 |
896.05 |
956.55 |
# 4.95 |
5.16 |
5.42 |
5.68 |
5.78 |
5.93 |
6.12 |
6.35 |
6.56 |
6.88 |
7.11 |
7.23 |
7.58 |
7.56 |
Singapore
|
13.08 |
14.12 |
15.24 |
15.91 |
17.08 |
18.35 |
18.24 |
18.65 |
18.93 |
18.90 |
18.68 |
20.15 |
22.56 |
21.40 |
22.19 |
24.26 |
25.15 |
Slovakia
|
57.73 |
65.79 |
70.86 |
75.88 |
84.39 |
93.39 |
104.54 |
113.28 |
121.85 |
131.49 |
141.09 |
152.22 |
165.05 |
5.76 |
5.86 |
6.16 |
6.40 |
Spain
|
1462.87 |
1527.13 |
1580.66 |
# 9.78 |
10.07 |
10.45 |
10.96 |
11.49 |
11.86 |
12.38 |
12.87 |
13.36 |
14.01 |
14.68 |
14.86 |
15.23 |
15.46 |
Sweden
|
126.93 |
132.73 |
138.76 |
141.45 |
146.89 |
154.13 |
162.36 |
167.89 |
170.66 |
176.56 |
182.29 |
190.76 |
198.23 |
209.26 |
210.00 |
214.10 |
224.82 |
Switzerland
|
37.16 |
37.37 |
38.03 |
37.68 |
38.51 |
40.10 |
40.87 |
41.81 |
41.42 |
42.24 |
43.32 |
44.15 |
45.02 |
46.45 |
45.15 |
45.34 |
45.90 |
Taiwan
|
168.24 |
175.43 |
183.99 |
189.64 |
195.84 |
208.31 |
204.99 |
210.14 |
213.31 |
221.71 |
226.34 |
230.48 |
233.38 |
218.36 |
224.44 |
234.93 |
238.97 |
United Kingdom
|
9.32 |
9.72 |
10.36 |
10.86 |
11.27 |
12.03 |
12.44 |
13.08 |
13.33 |
13.97 |
14.48 |
15.01 |
15.71 |
16.02 |
16.04 |
16.23 |
16.64 |
Note:
Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 3.1 Indexes of hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Argentina
|
32 |
32 |
33 |
33 |
32 |
32 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
22 |
26 |
31 |
30 |
38 |
46 |
54 |
Australia
|
88 |
84 |
74 |
76 |
66 |
58 |
64 |
80 |
91 |
96 |
97 |
109 |
113 |
102 |
120 |
139 |
141 |
Austria
|
93 |
80 |
79 |
76 |
65 |
63 |
65 |
77 |
83 |
84 |
86 |
94 |
102 |
98 |
91 |
97 |
92 |
Belgium
|
102 |
88 |
87 |
82 |
71 |
69 |
72 |
88 |
98 |
97 |
99 |
106 |
116 |
108 |
104 |
110 |
104 |
Brazil
|
24 |
23 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
20 |
19 |
23 |
26 |
25 |
Canada
|
88 |
85 |
80 |
78 |
77 |
72 |
69 |
77 |
84 |
91 |
97 |
103 |
102 |
90 |
103 |
108 |
107 |
Czech Republic
|
13 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
24 |
27 |
33 |
29 |
29 |
32 |
30 |
Denmark
|
NA |
122 |
121 |
117 |
101 |
99 |
104 |
124 |
136 |
136 |
139 |
156 |
169 |
161 |
156 |
165 |
153 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
9 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
20 |
26 |
31 |
28 |
26 |
28 |
28 |
Finland
|
96 |
84 |
83 |
80 |
70 |
68 |
71 |
85 |
94 |
95 |
99 |
107 |
116 |
113 |
104 |
112 |
105 |
France
|
93 |
81 |
79 |
75 |
64 |
61 |
63 |
75 |
82 |
81 |
84 |
91 |
97 |
90 |
86 |
92 |
86 |
Germany
|
120 |
103 |
101 |
94 |
83 |
79 |
82 |
98 |
107 |
107 |
107 |
116 |
124 |
115 |
111 |
117 |
111 |
Greece
|
47 |
42 |
39 |
38 |
32 |
28 |
34 |
40 |
46 |
43 |
46 |
53 |
61 |
57 |
56 |
56 |
47 |
Hungary
|
10 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
18 |
22 |
24 |
21 |
20 |
22 |
21 |
Ireland
|
79 |
76 |
74 |
72 |
65 |
67 |
73 |
88 |
99 |
100 |
104 |
116 |
126 |
120 |
113 |
116 |
108 |
Israel
|
53 |
55 |
54 |
52 |
54 |
54 |
47 |
49 |
49 |
49 |
51 |
56 |
65 |
58 |
63 |
67 |
64 |
Italy
|
68 |
62 |
61 |
58 |
49 |
48 |
52 |
64 |
73 |
73 |
76 |
83 |
90 |
84 |
81 |
86 |
81 |
Japan
|
84 |
76 |
69 |
78 |
80 |
69 |
64 |
68 |
71 |
68 |
64 |
62 |
69 |
75 |
78 |
85 |
84 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
80 |
82 |
80 |
71 |
69 |
73 |
87 |
95 |
93 |
96 |
104 |
112 |
103 |
97 |
103 |
95 |
New Zealand
|
66 |
64 |
52 |
51 |
43 |
40 |
44 |
55 |
63 |
67 |
64 |
74 |
73 |
64 |
74 |
83 |
87 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
6 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
Poland
|
NA |
9 |
10 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
21 |
26 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
21 |
Portugal
|
27 |
24 |
24 |
23 |
20 |
20 |
21 |
25 |
28 |
28 |
29 |
32 |
35 |
33 |
31 |
34 |
31 |
Singapore
|
47 |
47 |
44 |
44 |
45 |
44 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
43 |
44 |
49 |
57 |
51 |
54 |
63 |
66 |
Slovakia
|
9 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
9 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
16 |
21 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
27 |
26 |
Spain
|
55 |
48 |
47 |
45 |
39 |
38 |
40 |
48 |
53 |
55 |
57 |
63 |
69 |
65 |
62 |
66 |
61 |
Sweden
|
103 |
92 |
90 |
85 |
77 |
69 |
74 |
89 |
97 |
96 |
100 |
111 |
115 |
100 |
106 |
118 |
117 |
Switzerland
|
151 |
125 |
124 |
115 |
101 |
101 |
106 |
123 |
129 |
127 |
126 |
131 |
143 |
143 |
145 |
169 |
160 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
76 |
80 |
84 |
83 |
78 |
77 |
81 |
91 |
103 |
105 |
108 |
118 |
111 |
92 |
90 |
93 |
93 |
Note:
Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 3.2 Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
15.74 |
16.22 |
16.63 |
17.15 |
17.77 |
18.44 |
19.16 |
19.77 |
20.25 |
20.73 |
20.91 |
21.50 |
22.16 |
23.04 |
23.31 |
23.69 |
23.93 |
Argentina
|
5.04 |
5.19 |
5.49 |
5.59 |
5.71 |
5.81 |
2.06 |
2.51 |
3.09 |
3.78 |
4.55 |
5.51 |
6.88 |
7.02 |
8.76 |
10.96 |
12.94 |
Australia
|
13.89 |
13.63 |
12.32 |
12.97 |
11.78 |
10.66 |
12.18 |
15.74 |
18.52 |
19.80 |
20.35 |
23.36 |
25.13 |
23.47 |
27.97 |
32.85 |
33.73 |
Austria
|
14.65 |
12.99 |
13.15 |
13.00 |
11.53 |
11.53 |
12.47 |
15.19 |
16.75 |
17.33 |
17.93 |
20.26 |
22.67 |
22.54 |
21.14 |
22.86 |
21.96 |
Belgium
|
16.10 |
14.22 |
14.40 |
14.13 |
12.58 |
12.72 |
13.71 |
17.36 |
19.84 |
20.15 |
20.66 |
22.86 |
25.68 |
24.93 |
24.16 |
26.07 |
24.86 |
Brazil
|
3.71 |
3.71 |
3.52 |
2.24 |
2.32 |
1.93 |
1.65 |
1.71 |
2.05 |
2.67 |
3.20 |
3.81 |
4.51 |
4.36 |
5.38 |
6.20 |
5.95 |
Canada
|
13.78 |
13.71 |
13.23 |
13.33 |
13.73 |
13.21 |
13.18 |
15.24 |
16.98 |
18.77 |
20.25 |
22.25 |
22.71 |
20.62 |
24.09 |
25.48 |
25.68 |
Czech Republic
|
2.04 |
1.96 |
2.14 |
2.10 |
2.03 |
2.21 |
2.74 |
3.35 |
3.90 |
4.40 |
4.92 |
5.89 |
7.39 |
6.76 |
6.83 |
7.69 |
7.23 |
Denmark
|
NA |
19.79 |
20.18 |
20.14 |
18.00 |
18.23 |
19.86 |
24.49 |
27.46 |
28.17 |
29.11 |
33.62 |
37.52 |
37.04 |
36.26 |
39.15 |
36.54 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1.68 |
1.76 |
2.04 |
2.69 |
3.18 |
3.60 |
4.28 |
5.66 |
6.83 |
6.36 |
6.10 |
6.73 |
6.75 |
Finland
|
15.05 |
13.59 |
13.74 |
13.68 |
12.42 |
12.57 |
13.62 |
16.76 |
19.03 |
19.78 |
20.65 |
23.06 |
25.77 |
26.00 |
24.35 |
26.47 |
25.03 |
France
|
14.64 |
13.10 |
13.17 |
12.82 |
11.30 |
11.20 |
12.09 |
14.80 |
16.62 |
16.87 |
17.47 |
19.57 |
21.52 |
20.80 |
20.16 |
21.70 |
20.51 |
Germany
|
18.90 |
16.65 |
16.74 |
16.16 |
14.68 |
14.50 |
15.77 |
19.39 |
21.77 |
22.09 |
22.47 |
25.05 |
27.47 |
26.55 |
25.80 |
27.70 |
26.45 |
Greece
|
7.37 |
6.77 |
6.53 |
6.57 |
5.77 |
5.24 |
6.47 |
7.97 |
9.24 |
8.87 |
9.65 |
11.49 |
13.46 |
13.22 |
13.00 |
13.19 |
11.29 |
Hungary
|
1.62 |
1.59 |
1.62 |
1.62 |
1.56 |
1.79 |
2.23 |
2.79 |
3.34 |
3.63 |
3.75 |
4.71 |
5.29 |
4.74 |
4.74 |
5.20 |
5.08 |
Ireland
|
12.48 |
12.31 |
12.23 |
12.34 |
11.46 |
12.40 |
13.91 |
17.44 |
20.11 |
20.83 |
21.75 |
24.89 |
28.03 |
27.69 |
26.43 |
27.43 |
25.78 |
Israel
|
8.40 |
8.93 |
8.95 |
8.86 |
9.53 |
10.03 |
9.03 |
9.59 |
9.90 |
10.16 |
10.60 |
12.01 |
14.31 |
13.41 |
14.67 |
15.95 |
15.22 |
Italy
|
10.66 |
10.03 |
10.12 |
9.90 |
8.75 |
8.92 |
9.98 |
12.63 |
14.71 |
15.16 |
15.85 |
17.82 |
19.83 |
19.39 |
18.96 |
20.42 |
19.31 |
Japan
|
13.28 |
12.26 |
11.54 |
13.40 |
14.13 |
12.67 |
12.31 |
13.36 |
14.32 |
14.18 |
13.44 |
13.30 |
15.38 |
17.21 |
18.17 |
20.19 |
20.11 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
12.94 |
13.56 |
13.72 |
12.54 |
12.73 |
13.96 |
17.26 |
19.23 |
19.38 |
20.00 |
22.28 |
24.74 |
23.77 |
22.72 |
24.29 |
22.66 |
New Zealand
|
10.34 |
10.30 |
8.57 |
8.68 |
7.71 |
7.31 |
8.37 |
10.80 |
12.67 |
13.93 |
13.42 |
15.88 |
16.11 |
14.74 |
17.29 |
19.70 |
20.87 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
1.01 |
0.95 |
0.73 |
0.78 |
0.74 |
0.71 |
0.74 |
0.75 |
0.80 |
0.88 |
0.99 |
1.18 |
1.30 |
1.27 |
1.40 |
1.50 |
1.56 |
Poland
|
NA |
1.44 |
1.61 |
1.97 |
2.00 |
2.30 |
2.40 |
2.60 |
2.84 |
3.34 |
3.71 |
4.60 |
5.81 |
4.68 |
5.03 |
5.35 |
5.09 |
Portugal
|
4.32 |
3.90 |
4.01 |
3.95 |
3.53 |
3.64 |
4.08 |
5.04 |
5.75 |
5.91 |
6.14 |
6.88 |
7.70 |
7.54 |
7.29 |
8.03 |
7.39 |
Singapore
|
7.36 |
7.56 |
7.34 |
7.50 |
7.91 |
8.17 |
8.13 |
8.53 |
8.91 |
9.01 |
9.26 |
10.45 |
12.54 |
11.65 |
12.68 |
15.00 |
15.71 |
Slovakia
|
1.36 |
1.41 |
1.41 |
1.30 |
1.28 |
1.35 |
1.66 |
2.25 |
2.73 |
3.06 |
3.43 |
4.44 |
5.60 |
5.85 |
5.78 |
6.38 |
6.12 |
Spain
|
8.65 |
7.79 |
7.90 |
7.76 |
6.92 |
6.93 |
7.65 |
9.56 |
10.81 |
11.31 |
11.89 |
13.48 |
15.21 |
15.09 |
14.53 |
15.65 |
14.67 |
Sweden
|
16.24 |
14.88 |
14.93 |
14.60 |
13.66 |
12.68 |
14.17 |
17.59 |
19.62 |
19.96 |
20.88 |
23.85 |
25.42 |
23.09 |
24.61 |
27.87 |
28.03 |
Switzerland
|
23.71 |
20.31 |
20.68 |
19.75 |
17.97 |
18.58 |
20.39 |
24.26 |
26.15 |
26.26 |
26.43 |
28.09 |
31.73 |
32.99 |
33.77 |
39.92 |
38.19 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
11.89 |
12.97 |
13.95 |
14.21 |
13.78 |
14.17 |
15.53 |
18.03 |
20.91 |
21.69 |
22.68 |
25.46 |
24.59 |
21.19 |
20.93 |
21.98 |
22.27 |
Note:
Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 3.3 Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
15.74 |
16.22 |
16.63 |
17.15 |
17.77 |
18.44 |
19.16 |
19.77 |
20.25 |
20.73 |
20.91 |
21.50 |
22.16 |
23.04 |
23.31 |
23.69 |
23.93 |
Argentina
|
5.04 |
5.18 |
5.49 |
5.58 |
5.70 |
5.81 |
6.32 |
7.27 |
9.05 |
10.97 |
13.89 |
17.07 |
21.64 |
26.03 |
34.13 |
45.06 |
58.73 |
Australia
|
17.75 |
18.32 |
19.58 |
20.09 |
20.25 |
20.62 |
22.39 |
24.12 |
25.14 |
25.96 |
27.01 |
27.84 |
29.43 |
29.60 |
30.40 |
31.80 |
32.57 |
Austria
|
155.12 |
158.55 |
162.81 |
# 12.20 |
12.49 |
12.88 |
13.19 |
13.41 |
13.47 |
13.92 |
14.27 |
14.77 |
15.39 |
16.17 |
15.95 |
16.41 |
17.08 |
Belgium
|
498.46 |
509.28 |
522.76 |
# 13.27 |
13.63 |
14.20 |
14.50 |
15.33 |
15.95 |
16.19 |
16.45 |
16.67 |
17.44 |
17.89 |
18.22 |
18.71 |
19.33 |
Brazil
|
3.73 |
4.00 |
4.09 |
4.07 |
4.25 |
4.54 |
4.81 |
5.27 |
6.00 |
6.49 |
6.96 |
7.42 |
8.26 |
8.71 |
9.48 |
10.37 |
11.63 |
Canada
|
18.79 |
18.99 |
19.63 |
19.81 |
20.40 |
20.46 |
20.70 |
21.35 |
22.11 |
22.75 |
22.96 |
23.89 |
24.21 |
23.54 |
24.81 |
25.19 |
25.66 |
Czech Republic
|
55.47 |
61.99 |
68.95 |
72.71 |
78.52 |
83.91 |
89.58 |
94.49 |
100.16 |
105.36 |
111.11 |
119.63 |
126.16 |
128.91 |
130.50 |
136.14 |
141.56 |
Denmark
|
NA |
130.81 |
135.27 |
140.77 |
145.72 |
151.93 |
156.60 |
161.09 |
164.46 |
168.90 |
172.98 |
182.96 |
190.90 |
198.42 |
204.03 |
209.61 |
211.65 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
28.50 |
30.71 |
33.84 |
37.26 |
40.02 |
45.33 |
53.39 |
64.75 |
73.09 |
71.62 |
71.98 |
# 4.83 |
5.25 |
Finland
|
69.15 |
70.53 |
73.42 |
# 12.84 |
13.46 |
14.04 |
14.41 |
14.80 |
15.30 |
15.89 |
16.44 |
16.82 |
17.50 |
18.66 |
18.36 |
19.00 |
19.47 |
France
|
74.90 |
76.48 |
77.71 |
# 12.03 |
12.24 |
12.51 |
12.79 |
13.07 |
13.36 |
13.55 |
13.91 |
14.28 |
14.61 |
14.93 |
15.20 |
15.58 |
15.95 |
Germany
|
28.44 |
28.88 |
29.46 |
# 15.17 |
15.90 |
16.20 |
16.68 |
17.13 |
17.50 |
17.74 |
17.88 |
18.27 |
18.65 |
19.05 |
19.45 |
19.88 |
20.57 |
Greece
|
1773.80 |
1848.82 |
1929.14 |
2015.37 |
2108.21 |
# 5.85 |
6.84 |
7.04 |
7.43 |
7.12 |
7.69 |
8.38 |
9.14 |
9.48 |
9.81 |
9.47 |
8.78 |
Hungary
|
247.47 |
297.77 |
346.46 |
384.78 |
439.92 |
512.05 |
576.24 |
625.69 |
677.06 |
724.82 |
788.62 |
865.21 |
911.25 |
958.73 |
985.79 |
1045.45 |
1142.49 |
Ireland
|
7.80 |
8.11 |
8.58 |
# 11.59 |
12.42 |
13.85 |
14.71 |
15.40 |
16.17 |
16.73 |
17.31 |
18.15 |
19.04 |
19.87 |
19.93 |
19.69 |
20.05 |
Israel
|
26.81 |
30.80 |
34.03 |
36.69 |
38.85 |
42.19 |
42.76 |
43.68 |
44.38 |
45.62 |
47.22 |
49.34 |
51.34 |
52.74 |
54.85 |
57.09 |
58.70 |
Italy
|
16450.58 |
17095.70 |
17580.79 |
# 9.29 |
9.48 |
9.97 |
10.55 |
11.16 |
11.82 |
12.17 |
12.61 |
13.00 |
13.47 |
13.91 |
14.30 |
14.66 |
15.02 |
Japan
|
1445.03 |
1484.39 |
1511.79 |
1524.50 |
1523.66 |
1539.74 |
1541.29 |
1548.85 |
1548.51 |
1561.06 |
1563.30 |
1566.68 |
1590.27 |
1612.61 |
1594.70 |
1608.95 |
1605.50 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
25.27 |
26.90 |
# 12.88 |
13.59 |
14.22 |
14.77 |
15.24 |
15.46 |
15.56 |
15.92 |
16.25 |
16.80 |
17.06 |
17.13 |
17.43 |
17.62 |
New Zealand
|
15.04 |
15.55 |
15.99 |
16.41 |
16.87 |
17.40 |
18.03 |
18.55 |
19.08 |
19.76 |
20.66 |
21.55 |
22.53 |
23.18 |
23.97 |
24.87 |
25.74 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
26.29 |
27.98 |
29.75 |
30.62 |
32.58 |
36.39 |
38.43 |
40.76 |
44.95 |
48.53 |
51.04 |
54.60 |
57.59 |
60.48 |
63.19 |
65.03 |
65.82 |
Poland
|
NA |
4.72 |
5.59 |
7.83 |
8.71 |
9.43 |
9.80 |
10.11 |
10.40 |
10.81 |
11.50 |
12.73 |
14.01 |
14.60 |
15.17 |
15.85 |
16.57 |
Portugal
|
666.08 |
683.40 |
722.38 |
# 3.70 |
3.82 |
4.07 |
4.31 |
4.45 |
4.62 |
4.75 |
4.89 |
5.02 |
5.23 |
5.41 |
5.50 |
5.76 |
5.74 |
Singapore
|
10.38 |
11.23 |
12.27 |
12.71 |
13.65 |
14.65 |
14.55 |
14.87 |
15.06 |
15.00 |
14.71 |
15.75 |
17.74 |
16.94 |
17.28 |
18.85 |
19.62 |
Slovakia
|
41.69 |
47.51 |
49.65 |
53.78 |
58.98 |
65.11 |
75.31 |
82.73 |
87.99 |
94.82 |
101.81 |
109.61 |
119.58 |
4.20 |
4.36 |
4.58 |
4.76 |
Spain
|
1096.16 |
1142.16 |
1179.98 |
# 7.29 |
7.49 |
7.74 |
8.09 |
8.45 |
8.69 |
9.09 |
9.46 |
9.83 |
10.33 |
10.83 |
10.96 |
11.23 |
11.41 |
Sweden
|
108.92 |
113.72 |
118.70 |
120.82 |
125.27 |
131.13 |
137.79 |
142.14 |
144.14 |
149.12 |
153.95 |
161.09 |
167.39 |
176.70 |
177.32 |
180.79 |
189.84 |
Switzerland
|
29.31 |
29.47 |
30.00 |
29.72 |
30.38 |
31.38 |
31.74 |
32.63 |
32.50 |
32.71 |
33.12 |
33.70 |
34.32 |
35.82 |
35.23 |
35.38 |
35.82 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
7.62 |
7.92 |
8.41 |
8.79 |
9.09 |
9.84 |
10.34 |
11.03 |
11.41 |
11.92 |
12.31 |
12.72 |
13.26 |
13.53 |
13.55 |
13.70 |
14.05 |
Note:
Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 4.1 Indexes of hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Argentina
|
46 |
48 |
51 |
54 |
51 |
49 |
18 |
20 |
25 |
29 |
34 |
39 |
48 |
49 |
61 |
70 |
82 |
Australia
|
94 |
93 |
84 |
88 |
76 |
64 |
69 |
85 |
99 |
100 |
102 |
110 |
116 |
108 |
128 |
140 |
141 |
Austria
|
295 |
262 |
262 |
258 |
216 |
202 |
206 |
238 |
261 |
257 |
265 |
284 |
314 |
313 |
291 |
292 |
276 |
Belgium
|
326 |
290 |
291 |
286 |
242 |
228 |
232 |
279 |
317 |
308 |
316 |
334 |
372 |
361 |
348 |
348 |
327 |
Brazil
|
49 |
50 |
47 |
30 |
29 |
23 |
18 |
18 |
22 |
26 |
31 |
35 |
41 |
40 |
48 |
52 |
49 |
Canada
|
98 |
98 |
94 |
94 |
92 |
83 |
78 |
86 |
95 |
99 |
106 |
109 |
109 |
99 |
115 |
113 |
112 |
Czech Republic
|
23 |
22 |
24 |
24 |
21 |
23 |
26 |
30 |
34 |
36 |
39 |
45 |
54 |
53 |
51 |
52 |
48 |
Denmark
|
NA |
160 |
162 |
171 |
145 |
140 |
144 |
170 |
188 |
187 |
195 |
216 |
243 |
233 |
239 |
238 |
225 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
11 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
22 |
27 |
33 |
33 |
30 |
31 |
29 |
Finland
|
209 |
188 |
187 |
184 |
157 |
159 |
173 |
215 |
258 |
249 |
253 |
263 |
283 |
286 |
266 |
269 |
250 |
France
|
240 |
214 |
211 |
203 |
169 |
158 |
162 |
191 |
215 |
211 |
221 |
240 |
264 |
256 |
246 |
246 |
229 |
Germany
|
325 |
287 |
276 |
260 |
236 |
227 |
235 |
275 |
286 |
278 |
291 |
316 |
338 |
317 |
287 |
299 |
298 |
Greece
|
115 |
108 |
105 |
108 |
91 |
78 |
92 |
109 |
127 |
113 |
119 |
131 |
148 |
146 |
142 |
134 |
113 |
Hungary
|
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
24 |
26 |
30 |
36 |
43 |
45 |
47 |
56 |
63 |
56 |
56 |
57 |
55 |
Ireland
|
107 |
111 |
115 |
121 |
111 |
107 |
107 |
120 |
129 |
137 |
151 |
174 |
204 |
204 |
195 |
190 |
177 |
Israel
|
41 |
44 |
44 |
40 |
41 |
44 |
37 |
36 |
37 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
50 |
48 |
46 |
46 |
45 |
Italy
|
165 |
156 |
155 |
150 |
125 |
116 |
119 |
139 |
157 |
151 |
154 |
162 |
175 |
171 |
166 |
166 |
154 |
Japan
|
342 |
319 |
289 |
318 |
321 |
266 |
230 |
239 |
258 |
246 |
233 |
215 |
244 |
253 |
266 |
285 |
274 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
219 |
226 |
225 |
194 |
185 |
192 |
227 |
253 |
248 |
260 |
280 |
313 |
301 |
286 |
284 |
261 |
New Zealand
|
67 |
67 |
56 |
57 |
48 |
43 |
46 |
57 |
65 |
68 |
67 |
81 |
82 |
71 |
80 |
85 |
88 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
Poland
|
NA |
39 |
40 |
46 |
42 |
45 |
43 |
44 |
47 |
52 |
57 |
67 |
83 |
67 |
71 |
70 |
66 |
Portugal
|
65 |
61 |
65 |
67 |
59 |
54 |
54 |
60 |
64 |
64 |
68 |
74 |
83 |
81 |
78 |
80 |
72 |
Singapore
|
96 |
98 |
89 |
95 |
95 |
92 |
86 |
87 |
91 |
88 |
92 |
102 |
116 |
105 |
122 |
136 |
137 |
Slovakia
|
26 |
27 |
30 |
27 |
26 |
26 |
27 |
33 |
42 |
44 |
49 |
60 |
73 |
74 |
68 |
69 |
66 |
Spain
|
146 |
133 |
135 |
133 |
114 |
108 |
114 |
137 |
156 |
154 |
158 |
168 |
185 |
184 |
175 |
175 |
162 |
Sweden
|
135 |
126 |
127 |
125 |
112 |
99 |
106 |
127 |
143 |
137 |
142 |
153 |
160 |
145 |
154 |
162 |
160 |
Switzerland
|
319 |
275 |
278 |
265 |
230 |
230 |
246 |
272 |
284 |
286 |
301 |
304 |
338 |
335 |
323 |
354 |
333 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
133 |
149 |
162 |
168 |
158 |
140 |
133 |
134 |
140 |
140 |
148 |
160 |
155 |
134 |
131 |
128 |
127 |
Note:
Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 4.2 Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
1.99 |
1.98 |
1.99 |
1.99 |
2.10 |
2.24 |
2.38 |
2.51 |
2.52 |
2.67 |
2.71 |
2.87 |
2.93 |
2.92 |
2.95 |
3.17 |
3.22 |
Argentina
|
0.92 |
0.94 |
1.02 |
1.08 |
1.08 |
1.10 |
0.42 |
0.51 |
0.63 |
0.77 |
0.93 |
1.12 |
1.40 |
1.43 |
1.79 |
2.24 |
2.64 |
Australia
|
1.88 |
1.84 |
1.66 |
1.75 |
1.59 |
1.44 |
1.64 |
2.12 |
2.50 |
2.67 |
2.75 |
3.15 |
3.39 |
3.17 |
3.78 |
4.44 |
4.55 |
Austria
|
5.88 |
5.18 |
5.22 |
5.13 |
4.53 |
4.53 |
4.90 |
5.97 |
6.59 |
6.87 |
7.17 |
8.16 |
9.20 |
9.15 |
8.58 |
9.28 |
8.91 |
Belgium
|
6.49 |
5.73 |
5.80 |
5.70 |
5.07 |
5.12 |
5.52 |
6.99 |
7.99 |
8.22 |
8.54 |
9.57 |
10.89 |
10.57 |
10.24 |
11.05 |
10.54 |
Brazil
|
0.98 |
0.98 |
0.93 |
0.59 |
0.61 |
0.51 |
0.44 |
0.45 |
0.54 |
0.71 |
0.85 |
1.01 |
1.19 |
1.16 |
1.43 |
1.64 |
1.58 |
Canada
|
1.94 |
1.93 |
1.87 |
1.88 |
1.94 |
1.86 |
1.86 |
2.15 |
2.39 |
2.65 |
2.86 |
3.14 |
3.20 |
2.91 |
3.40 |
3.59 |
3.62 |
Czech Republic
|
0.46 |
0.44 |
0.48 |
0.47 |
0.44 |
0.52 |
0.61 |
0.75 |
0.86 |
0.96 |
1.06 |
1.29 |
1.58 |
1.54 |
1.50 |
1.64 |
1.54 |
Denmark
|
NA |
3.16 |
3.22 |
3.42 |
3.03 |
3.13 |
3.43 |
4.25 |
4.74 |
5.00 |
5.28 |
6.21 |
7.11 |
6.80 |
7.05 |
7.54 |
7.26 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
0.22 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.50 |
0.58 |
0.79 |
0.98 |
0.96 |
0.88 |
0.98 |
0.94 |
Finland
|
4.16 |
3.71 |
3.72 |
3.66 |
3.29 |
3.56 |
4.12 |
5.39 |
6.51 |
6.66 |
6.86 |
7.54 |
8.30 |
8.38 |
7.85 |
8.53 |
8.07 |
France
|
4.77 |
4.23 |
4.21 |
4.05 |
3.54 |
3.54 |
3.87 |
4.78 |
5.43 |
5.65 |
5.99 |
6.87 |
7.74 |
7.48 |
7.25 |
7.80 |
7.38 |
Germany
|
6.47 |
5.67 |
5.49 |
5.19 |
4.94 |
5.09 |
5.59 |
6.89 |
7.22 |
7.44 |
7.88 |
9.06 |
9.91 |
9.27 |
8.45 |
9.48 |
9.62 |
Greece
|
2.29 |
2.14 |
2.10 |
2.15 |
1.92 |
1.76 |
2.19 |
2.73 |
3.20 |
3.01 |
3.22 |
3.77 |
4.34 |
4.26 |
4.19 |
4.25 |
3.64 |
Hungary
|
0.44 |
0.45 |
0.47 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.57 |
0.72 |
0.91 |
1.09 |
1.21 |
1.27 |
1.62 |
1.84 |
1.65 |
1.65 |
1.81 |
1.77 |
Ireland
|
2.13 |
2.20 |
2.29 |
2.41 |
2.33 |
2.39 |
2.54 |
3.01 |
3.27 |
3.65 |
4.09 |
5.00 |
5.98 |
5.96 |
5.75 |
6.04 |
5.71 |
Israel
|
0.82 |
0.87 |
0.87 |
0.81 |
0.85 |
0.99 |
0.87 |
0.91 |
0.95 |
0.96 |
1.01 |
1.08 |
1.47 |
1.41 |
1.36 |
1.45 |
1.45 |
Italy
|
3.29 |
3.09 |
3.09 |
3.00 |
2.62 |
2.60 |
2.83 |
3.49 |
3.96 |
4.04 |
4.18 |
4.65 |
5.12 |
5.00 |
4.89 |
5.27 |
4.98 |
Japan
|
6.80 |
6.31 |
5.76 |
6.34 |
6.72 |
5.96 |
5.48 |
5.98 |
6.50 |
6.57 |
6.29 |
6.16 |
7.15 |
7.39 |
7.84 |
9.06 |
8.83 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
4.34 |
4.49 |
4.49 |
4.06 |
4.14 |
4.57 |
5.69 |
6.38 |
6.62 |
7.02 |
8.04 |
9.17 |
8.81 |
8.42 |
9.01 |
8.40 |
New Zealand
|
1.34 |
1.34 |
1.11 |
1.13 |
1.01 |
0.96 |
1.11 |
1.43 |
1.63 |
1.81 |
1.81 |
2.32 |
2.40 |
2.08 |
2.37 |
2.69 |
2.85 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
0.22 |
0.21 |
0.16 |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.17 |
0.19 |
0.19 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
0.24 |
0.28 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.33 |
0.35 |
0.36 |
Poland
|
NA |
0.76 |
0.80 |
0.93 |
0.88 |
1.00 |
1.03 |
1.10 |
1.19 |
1.40 |
1.55 |
1.92 |
2.43 |
1.95 |
2.10 |
2.23 |
2.12 |
Portugal
|
1.29 |
1.21 |
1.30 |
1.33 |
1.24 |
1.21 |
1.29 |
1.51 |
1.62 |
1.72 |
1.83 |
2.11 |
2.43 |
2.38 |
2.30 |
2.53 |
2.33 |
Singapore
|
1.92 |
1.94 |
1.78 |
1.89 |
1.99 |
2.06 |
2.06 |
2.17 |
2.29 |
2.34 |
2.50 |
2.92 |
3.41 |
3.07 |
3.61 |
4.30 |
4.42 |
Slovakia
|
0.52 |
0.54 |
0.60 |
0.53 |
0.55 |
0.58 |
0.64 |
0.83 |
1.05 |
1.18 |
1.32 |
1.73 |
2.13 |
2.17 |
1.99 |
2.20 |
2.11 |
Spain
|
2.89 |
2.63 |
2.68 |
2.66 |
2.38 |
2.42 |
2.71 |
3.44 |
3.94 |
4.10 |
4.28 |
4.83 |
5.41 |
5.37 |
5.17 |
5.57 |
5.22 |
Sweden
|
2.68 |
2.49 |
2.52 |
2.49 |
2.36 |
2.22 |
2.53 |
3.19 |
3.61 |
3.67 |
3.84 |
4.39 |
4.68 |
4.25 |
4.53 |
5.13 |
5.17 |
Switzerland
|
6.35 |
5.44 |
5.54 |
5.29 |
4.81 |
5.16 |
5.87 |
6.82 |
7.18 |
7.64 |
8.14 |
8.71 |
9.90 |
9.78 |
9.51 |
11.24 |
10.75 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
2.65 |
2.95 |
3.23 |
3.35 |
3.31 |
3.14 |
3.17 |
3.36 |
3.53 |
3.74 |
4.00 |
4.59 |
4.53 |
3.91 |
3.86 |
4.05 |
4.11 |
Note:
Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 4.3 Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
1.99 |
1.98 |
1.99 |
1.99 |
2.10 |
2.24 |
2.38 |
2.51 |
2.52 |
2.67 |
2.71 |
2.87 |
2.93 |
2.92 |
2.95 |
3.17 |
3.22 |
Argentina
|
0.92 |
0.94 |
1.02 |
1.08 |
1.08 |
1.10 |
1.29 |
1.48 |
1.84 |
2.24 |
2.83 |
3.48 |
4.41 |
5.31 |
6.96 |
9.19 |
11.98 |
Australia
|
2.40 |
2.47 |
2.64 |
2.71 |
2.73 |
2.78 |
3.02 |
3.26 |
3.39 |
3.50 |
3.65 |
3.76 |
3.97 |
4.00 |
4.10 |
4.29 |
4.40 |
Austria
|
62.22 |
63.28 |
64.64 |
# 4.82 |
4.91 |
5.06 |
5.19 |
5.28 |
5.30 |
5.52 |
5.70 |
5.95 |
6.25 |
6.57 |
6.47 |
6.66 |
6.93 |
Belgium
|
200.84 |
205.20 |
210.63 |
# 5.35 |
5.49 |
5.72 |
5.84 |
6.18 |
6.42 |
6.61 |
6.80 |
6.98 |
7.39 |
7.58 |
7.72 |
7.93 |
8.20 |
Brazil
|
0.99 |
1.06 |
1.08 |
1.08 |
1.13 |
1.20 |
1.27 |
1.40 |
1.59 |
1.72 |
1.84 |
1.96 |
2.19 |
2.31 |
2.51 |
2.75 |
3.08 |
Canada
|
2.65 |
2.68 |
2.77 |
2.79 |
2.88 |
2.89 |
2.92 |
3.01 |
3.12 |
3.21 |
3.24 |
3.37 |
3.41 |
3.32 |
3.50 |
3.55 |
3.62 |
Czech Republic
|
12.43 |
13.90 |
15.46 |
16.30 |
17.09 |
19.92 |
20.08 |
21.23 |
22.17 |
22.98 |
23.92 |
26.27 |
27.04 |
29.32 |
28.71 |
28.95 |
30.10 |
Denmark
|
NA |
20.88 |
21.59 |
23.87 |
24.57 |
26.07 |
27.03 |
27.98 |
28.40 |
29.96 |
31.37 |
33.77 |
36.20 |
36.45 |
39.65 |
40.38 |
42.07 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
3.74 |
4.26 |
4.41 |
4.95 |
5.46 |
6.26 |
7.27 |
9.00 |
10.47 |
10.78 |
10.39 |
# 0.70 |
0.73 |
Finland
|
19.10 |
19.28 |
19.87 |
# 3.44 |
3.57 |
3.98 |
4.36 |
4.76 |
5.23 |
5.35 |
5.46 |
5.50 |
5.64 |
6.01 |
5.92 |
6.12 |
6.27 |
France
|
24.43 |
24.69 |
24.83 |
# 3.81 |
3.83 |
3.96 |
4.09 |
4.22 |
4.36 |
4.54 |
4.77 |
5.01 |
5.25 |
5.37 |
5.47 |
5.60 |
5.74 |
Germany
|
9.73 |
9.84 |
9.66 |
# 4.87 |
5.35 |
5.69 |
5.91 |
6.09 |
5.81 |
5.97 |
6.27 |
6.61 |
6.73 |
6.65 |
6.37 |
6.80 |
7.48 |
Greece
|
551.34 |
584.36 |
619.95 |
658.40 |
700.06 |
# 1.96 |
2.32 |
2.41 |
2.57 |
2.42 |
2.57 |
2.75 |
2.94 |
3.06 |
3.16 |
3.05 |
2.83 |
Hungary
|
66.62 |
83.80 |
101.80 |
117.94 |
140.52 |
164.63 |
186.48 |
203.80 |
221.97 |
241.29 |
266.55 |
296.88 |
317.39 |
333.93 |
343.36 |
364.14 |
397.94 |
Ireland
|
1.33 |
1.45 |
1.60 |
# 2.26 |
2.53 |
2.67 |
2.69 |
2.66 |
2.63 |
2.93 |
3.25 |
3.64 |
4.06 |
4.28 |
4.34 |
4.33 |
4.44 |
Israel
|
2.62 |
2.99 |
3.31 |
3.34 |
3.47 |
4.18 |
4.13 |
4.16 |
4.24 |
4.30 |
4.49 |
4.43 |
5.26 |
5.55 |
5.10 |
5.18 |
5.58 |
Italy
|
5073.26 |
5272.21 |
5371.44 |
# 2.81 |
2.84 |
2.91 |
3.00 |
3.09 |
3.18 |
3.24 |
3.32 |
3.39 |
3.47 |
3.59 |
3.69 |
3.78 |
3.87 |
Japan
|
739.51 |
763.56 |
754.44 |
721.03 |
724.89 |
724.36 |
686.41 |
693.11 |
702.88 |
723.65 |
731.71 |
725.32 |
739.30 |
692.65 |
688.19 |
721.92 |
704.51 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
8.47 |
8.91 |
# 4.22 |
4.40 |
4.63 |
4.84 |
5.03 |
5.13 |
5.32 |
5.59 |
5.86 |
6.23 |
6.32 |
6.35 |
6.46 |
6.53 |
New Zealand
|
1.94 |
2.02 |
2.08 |
2.14 |
2.20 |
2.28 |
2.38 |
2.46 |
2.46 |
2.56 |
2.79 |
3.15 |
3.35 |
3.28 |
3.28 |
3.40 |
3.52 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
5.70 |
6.07 |
6.46 |
6.90 |
7.61 |
8.81 |
9.62 |
10.07 |
10.95 |
11.66 |
12.10 |
12.77 |
13.46 |
14.14 |
14.77 |
15.20 |
15.39 |
Poland
|
NA |
2.51 |
2.79 |
3.68 |
3.84 |
4.10 |
4.21 |
4.28 |
4.35 |
4.52 |
4.81 |
5.32 |
5.85 |
6.09 |
6.33 |
6.62 |
6.91 |
Portugal
|
198.72 |
212.65 |
234.17 |
# 1.25 |
1.34 |
1.36 |
1.36 |
1.33 |
1.30 |
1.38 |
1.46 |
1.54 |
1.65 |
1.71 |
1.73 |
1.82 |
1.81 |
Singapore
|
2.70 |
2.89 |
2.97 |
3.20 |
3.44 |
3.70 |
3.69 |
3.79 |
3.87 |
3.90 |
3.97 |
4.40 |
4.82 |
4.47 |
4.92 |
5.41 |
5.52 |
Slovakia
|
16.03 |
18.27 |
21.21 |
22.09 |
25.41 |
28.28 |
29.23 |
30.54 |
33.86 |
36.67 |
39.28 |
42.61 |
45.47 |
1.56 |
1.50 |
1.58 |
1.64 |
Spain
|
366.71 |
384.96 |
400.68 |
# 2.49 |
2.58 |
2.71 |
2.87 |
3.04 |
3.17 |
3.29 |
3.41 |
3.52 |
3.68 |
3.85 |
3.90 |
4.00 |
4.06 |
Sweden
|
18.00 |
19.01 |
20.06 |
20.63 |
21.62 |
23.01 |
24.57 |
25.74 |
26.51 |
27.44 |
28.34 |
29.67 |
30.84 |
32.56 |
32.67 |
33.31 |
34.98 |
Switzerland
|
7.85 |
7.89 |
8.04 |
7.96 |
8.14 |
8.72 |
9.14 |
9.18 |
8.92 |
9.52 |
10.20 |
10.45 |
10.70 |
10.62 |
9.92 |
9.96 |
10.08 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
1.70 |
1.80 |
1.95 |
2.07 |
2.18 |
2.18 |
2.11 |
2.05 |
1.92 |
2.06 |
2.17 |
2.29 |
2.45 |
2.49 |
2.50 |
2.53 |
2.59 |
Note:
Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 5.1 Indexes of hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Argentina
|
31 |
29 |
31 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
9 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
18 |
23 |
22 |
26 |
32 |
39 |
Australia
|
72 |
71 |
65 |
70 |
61 |
53 |
62 |
76 |
88 |
90 |
88 |
89 |
96 |
82 |
93 |
106 |
110 |
Austria
|
160 |
139 |
140 |
138 |
116 |
102 |
103 |
115 |
120 |
121 |
124 |
126 |
143 |
133 |
120 |
128 |
125 |
Belgium
|
214 |
185 |
187 |
183 |
167 |
143 |
146 |
170 |
186 |
187 |
194 |
195 |
225 |
204 |
191 |
204 |
197 |
Brazil
|
51 |
49 |
47 |
28 |
28 |
21 |
17 |
17 |
19 |
24 |
28 |
30 |
36 |
32 |
37 |
44 |
43 |
Canada
|
61 |
59 |
54 |
54 |
52 |
49 |
52 |
59 |
66 |
72 |
80 |
76 |
80 |
71 |
80 |
84 |
86 |
Czech Republic
|
19 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
18 |
18 |
22 |
25 |
28 |
29 |
32 |
34 |
42 |
38 |
36 |
39 |
37 |
Denmark
|
NA |
16 |
16 |
28 |
23 |
30 |
37 |
47 |
53 |
58 |
56 |
60 |
66 |
58 |
54 |
57 |
55 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
13 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
24 |
28 |
36 |
33 |
29 |
31 |
32 |
Finland
|
122 |
104 |
101 |
97 |
81 |
77 |
82 |
95 |
106 |
108 |
112 |
112 |
127 |
120 |
108 |
116 |
112 |
France
|
177 |
155 |
156 |
152 |
128 |
118 |
123 |
141 |
155 |
151 |
151 |
149 |
163 |
147 |
137 |
146 |
140 |
Germany
|
166 |
141 |
137 |
128 |
114 |
103 |
108 |
123 |
134 |
126 |
132 |
122 |
132 |
121 |
112 |
118 |
114 |
Greece
|
62 |
56 |
53 |
53 |
44 |
37 |
43 |
48 |
53 |
50 |
54 |
58 |
70 |
64 |
60 |
61 |
53 |
Hungary
|
22 |
21 |
20 |
20 |
18 |
18 |
21 |
24 |
27 |
28 |
27 |
30 |
34 |
27 |
23 |
25 |
25 |
Ireland
|
48 |
45 |
44 |
44 |
39 |
40 |
42 |
51 |
58 |
62 |
67 |
72 |
85 |
92 |
75 |
73 |
78 |
Israel
|
36 |
38 |
38 |
35 |
37 |
36 |
32 |
31 |
30 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
36 |
33 |
37 |
43 |
41 |
Italy
|
149 |
137 |
123 |
120 |
103 |
96 |
100 |
116 |
129 |
126 |
124 |
121 |
132 |
121 |
114 |
121 |
116 |
Japan
|
76 |
71 |
68 |
79 |
82 |
69 |
63 |
65 |
68 |
67 |
63 |
55 |
64 |
66 |
67 |
75 |
75 |
Korea, Republic of
|
35 |
44 |
36 |
52 |
51 |
42 |
42 |
39 |
38 |
38 |
45 |
47 |
42 |
36 |
42 |
46 |
52 |
Mexico
|
22 |
24 |
25 |
27 |
30 |
33 |
31 |
27 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
25 |
26 |
22 |
22 |
23 |
23 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
106 |
107 |
104 |
87 |
85 |
89 |
107 |
113 |
108 |
107 |
104 |
119 |
107 |
98 |
104 |
101 |
New Zealand
|
9 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
12 |
Norway
|
NA |
80 |
81 |
82 |
72 |
72 |
86 |
97 |
108 |
112 |
116 |
121 |
133 |
116 |
121 |
134 |
133 |
Philippines
|
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Poland
|
NA |
20 |
22 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
18 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
Portugal
|
32 |
28 |
28 |
27 |
23 |
22 |
23 |
26 |
29 |
28 |
29 |
29 |
32 |
30 |
27 |
30 |
28 |
Singapore
|
56 |
55 |
48 |
33 |
36 |
36 |
34 |
32 |
31 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
38 |
34 |
37 |
44 |
47 |
Slovakia
|
18 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
26 |
31 |
39 |
39 |
34 |
37 |
36 |
Spain
|
83 |
73 |
73 |
72 |
61 |
56 |
60 |
70 |
78 |
79 |
82 |
84 |
93 |
90 |
81 |
84 |
82 |
Sweden
|
174 |
158 |
159 |
158 |
145 |
126 |
135 |
163 |
176 |
174 |
172 |
186 |
187 |
165 |
168 |
187 |
195 |
Switzerland
|
115 |
97 |
98 |
93 |
81 |
78 |
83 |
91 |
93 |
92 |
92 |
87 |
99 |
94 |
91 |
107 |
104 |
Taiwan
|
21 |
20 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
United Kingdom
|
68 |
70 |
72 |
76 |
70 |
61 |
58 |
60 |
62 |
64 |
66 |
67 |
66 |
53 |
51 |
55 |
57 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
67 |
64 |
65 |
# 61 |
56 |
57 |
62 |
66 |
67 |
70 |
68 |
73 |
66 |
67 |
72 |
72 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
70 |
68 |
69 |
# 65 |
60 |
61 |
66 |
71 |
72 |
75 |
73 |
78 |
71 |
72 |
76 |
76 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
113 |
112 |
109 |
# 95 |
87 |
91 |
103 |
112 |
110 |
112 |
111 |
121 |
110 |
103 |
109 |
107 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
128 |
126 |
120 |
# 105 |
96 |
100 |
116 |
126 |
123 |
126 |
123 |
137 |
126 |
116 |
122 |
119 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
19 |
20 |
16 |
# 15 |
15 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
25 |
31 |
26 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
36 |
31 |
35 |
# 35 |
31 |
30 |
27 |
26 |
27 |
30 |
31 |
31 |
27 |
30 |
34 |
NA |
Note:
Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 5.2 Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
4.74 |
4.85 |
4.87 |
4.88 |
5.10 |
5.54 |
5.82 |
6.29 |
6.53 |
6.74 |
6.86 |
7.71 |
7.69 |
8.23 |
8.55 |
8.65 |
8.51 |
Argentina
|
1.48 |
1.42 |
1.49 |
1.41 |
1.38 |
1.35 |
0.52 |
0.64 |
0.79 |
0.96 |
1.16 |
1.40 |
1.75 |
1.78 |
2.22 |
2.78 |
3.29 |
Australia
|
3.40 |
3.46 |
3.17 |
3.42 |
3.08 |
2.92 |
3.61 |
4.79 |
5.74 |
6.08 |
6.07 |
6.86 |
7.39 |
6.78 |
7.93 |
9.18 |
9.39 |
Austria
|
7.59 |
6.73 |
6.82 |
6.72 |
5.91 |
5.64 |
6.02 |
7.22 |
7.84 |
8.17 |
8.54 |
9.71 |
10.99 |
10.93 |
10.26 |
11.09 |
10.65 |
Belgium
|
10.13 |
8.97 |
9.10 |
8.91 |
8.49 |
7.94 |
8.52 |
10.67 |
12.13 |
12.63 |
13.29 |
15.03 |
17.31 |
16.77 |
16.32 |
17.64 |
16.79 |
Brazil
|
2.41 |
2.37 |
2.29 |
1.38 |
1.41 |
1.19 |
1.00 |
1.06 |
1.22 |
1.64 |
1.94 |
2.28 |
2.74 |
2.61 |
3.20 |
3.83 |
3.67 |
Canada
|
2.91 |
2.84 |
2.63 |
2.63 |
2.66 |
2.73 |
3.01 |
3.69 |
4.29 |
4.84 |
5.48 |
5.88 |
6.14 |
5.87 |
6.88 |
7.26 |
7.30 |
Czech Republic
|
0.88 |
0.85 |
0.93 |
0.92 |
0.92 |
1.02 |
1.26 |
1.55 |
1.81 |
1.94 |
2.18 |
2.63 |
3.25 |
3.12 |
3.08 |
3.38 |
3.18 |
Denmark
|
NA |
0.75 |
0.77 |
1.39 |
1.17 |
1.64 |
2.17 |
2.96 |
3.47 |
3.88 |
3.84 |
4.60 |
5.07 |
4.76 |
4.62 |
4.97 |
4.67 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
0.65 |
0.67 |
0.80 |
1.06 |
1.25 |
1.41 |
1.66 |
2.20 |
2.75 |
2.71 |
2.50 |
2.71 |
2.71 |
Finland
|
5.80 |
5.06 |
4.94 |
4.74 |
4.15 |
4.29 |
4.75 |
5.97 |
6.93 |
7.28 |
7.68 |
8.66 |
9.78 |
9.87 |
9.24 |
10.05 |
9.50 |
France
|
8.40 |
7.53 |
7.59 |
7.40 |
6.54 |
6.56 |
7.17 |
8.88 |
10.10 |
10.14 |
10.39 |
11.51 |
12.50 |
12.09 |
11.71 |
12.61 |
11.92 |
Germany
|
7.85 |
6.84 |
6.69 |
6.22 |
5.79 |
5.72 |
6.27 |
7.72 |
8.73 |
8.51 |
9.03 |
9.39 |
10.16 |
9.94 |
9.59 |
10.24 |
9.73 |
Greece
|
2.95 |
2.70 |
2.59 |
2.59 |
2.26 |
2.03 |
2.47 |
3.01 |
3.45 |
3.37 |
3.72 |
4.50 |
5.35 |
5.25 |
5.16 |
5.24 |
4.48 |
Hungary
|
1.06 |
1.01 |
0.99 |
0.97 |
0.90 |
1.01 |
1.23 |
1.49 |
1.74 |
1.87 |
1.84 |
2.33 |
2.63 |
2.23 |
2.00 |
2.16 |
2.10 |
Ireland
|
2.26 |
2.18 |
2.14 |
2.14 |
1.96 |
2.22 |
2.43 |
3.19 |
3.79 |
4.16 |
4.58 |
5.51 |
6.52 |
7.56 |
6.40 |
6.27 |
6.68 |
Israel
|
1.68 |
1.82 |
1.85 |
1.71 |
1.87 |
1.98 |
1.89 |
1.97 |
1.96 |
2.15 |
2.25 |
2.63 |
2.77 |
2.73 |
3.18 |
3.74 |
3.47 |
Italy
|
7.05 |
6.63 |
5.99 |
5.84 |
5.26 |
5.31 |
5.80 |
7.30 |
8.45 |
8.52 |
8.51 |
9.35 |
10.16 |
9.93 |
9.72 |
10.46 |
9.89 |
Japan
|
3.58 |
3.42 |
3.29 |
3.85 |
4.16 |
3.81 |
3.69 |
4.08 |
4.45 |
4.50 |
4.30 |
4.26 |
4.94 |
5.42 |
5.75 |
6.46 |
6.40 |
Korea, Republic of
|
1.67 |
2.14 |
1.76 |
2.54 |
2.61 |
2.35 |
2.47 |
2.46 |
2.47 |
2.57 |
3.08 |
3.60 |
3.21 |
2.95 |
3.63 |
4.01 |
4.45 |
Mexico
|
1.06 |
1.19 |
1.21 |
1.32 |
1.54 |
1.81 |
1.82 |
1.70 |
1.65 |
1.72 |
1.82 |
1.89 |
2.01 |
1.77 |
1.84 |
1.95 |
1.92 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
5.16 |
5.20 |
5.06 |
4.44 |
4.72 |
5.20 |
6.71 |
7.40 |
7.30 |
7.34 |
7.99 |
9.17 |
8.81 |
8.39 |
8.97 |
8.56 |
New Zealand
|
0.44 |
0.42 |
0.34 |
0.33 |
0.28 |
0.26 |
0.29 |
0.38 |
0.47 |
0.53 |
0.52 |
0.65 |
0.64 |
0.65 |
0.76 |
0.99 |
1.05 |
Norway
|
NA |
3.89 |
3.92 |
4.00 |
3.68 |
4.00 |
4.99 |
6.12 |
7.04 |
7.52 |
7.97 |
9.32 |
10.25 |
9.55 |
10.31 |
11.58 |
11.33 |
Philippines
|
0.13 |
0.13 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.16 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
Poland
|
NA |
0.95 |
1.05 |
0.50 |
0.52 |
0.61 |
0.64 |
0.70 |
0.76 |
0.86 |
0.92 |
1.11 |
1.35 |
1.09 |
1.03 |
1.09 |
1.04 |
Portugal
|
1.52 |
1.35 |
1.37 |
1.33 |
1.17 |
1.20 |
1.34 |
1.64 |
1.87 |
1.91 |
1.99 |
2.22 |
2.48 |
2.43 |
2.35 |
2.59 |
2.38 |
Singapore
|
2.65 |
2.65 |
2.36 |
1.63 |
1.81 |
1.97 |
1.95 |
2.04 |
2.00 |
1.89 |
2.00 |
2.34 |
2.92 |
2.82 |
3.14 |
3.83 |
4.03 |
Slovakia
|
0.85 |
0.88 |
0.88 |
0.76 |
0.76 |
0.76 |
0.94 |
1.30 |
1.43 |
1.58 |
1.81 |
2.36 |
3.00 |
3.22 |
2.94 |
3.19 |
3.06 |
Spain
|
3.93 |
3.53 |
3.57 |
3.50 |
3.11 |
3.13 |
3.49 |
4.42 |
5.07 |
5.32 |
5.63 |
6.48 |
7.12 |
7.40 |
6.96 |
7.22 |
6.95 |
Sweden
|
8.23 |
7.66 |
7.75 |
7.73 |
7.38 |
7.01 |
7.88 |
10.23 |
11.49 |
11.75 |
11.82 |
14.37 |
14.34 |
13.58 |
14.37 |
16.21 |
16.61 |
Switzerland
|
5.46 |
4.68 |
4.76 |
4.55 |
4.14 |
4.35 |
4.84 |
5.71 |
6.09 |
6.20 |
6.34 |
6.73 |
7.61 |
7.77 |
7.82 |
9.25 |
8.85 |
Taiwan
|
0.98 |
0.95 |
0.85 |
0.93 |
1.04 |
1.00 |
0.90 |
0.86 |
0.89 |
1.03 |
1.09 |
1.16 |
1.28 |
1.16 |
1.24 |
1.35 |
1.37 |
United Kingdom
|
3.24 |
3.39 |
3.51 |
3.73 |
3.58 |
3.38 |
3.39 |
3.77 |
4.07 |
4.28 |
4.55 |
5.18 |
5.08 |
4.37 |
4.32 |
4.73 |
4.86 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
3.23 |
3.13 |
3.16 |
# 3.11 |
3.12 |
3.31 |
3.88 |
4.32 |
4.52 |
4.80 |
5.22 |
5.63 |
5.47 |
5.74 |
6.21 |
6.13 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
3.40 |
3.29 |
3.37 |
# 3.31 |
3.33 |
3.55 |
4.18 |
4.66 |
4.86 |
5.16 |
5.59 |
6.02 |
5.84 |
6.11 |
6.60 |
6.50 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
5.48 |
5.44 |
5.30 |
# 4.86 |
4.84 |
5.27 |
6.50 |
7.32 |
7.41 |
7.72 |
8.52 |
9.32 |
9.08 |
8.78 |
9.47 |
9.14 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
6.20 |
6.11 |
5.87 |
# 5.35 |
5.34 |
5.83 |
7.28 |
8.26 |
8.30 |
8.65 |
9.46 |
10.50 |
10.36 |
9.91 |
10.57 |
10.11 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
0.93 |
0.99 |
0.76 |
# 0.74 |
0.82 |
0.97 |
1.18 |
1.34 |
1.47 |
1.58 |
1.96 |
2.36 |
2.15 |
2.03 |
2.20 |
2.11 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
1.75 |
1.51 |
1.69 |
# 1.79 |
1.71 |
1.72 |
1.73 |
1.73 |
1.79 |
2.05 |
2.36 |
2.36 |
2.20 |
2.57 |
2.91 |
3.15 |
Note:
Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 5.3 Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
4.74 |
4.85 |
4.87 |
4.88 |
5.10 |
5.54 |
5.82 |
6.29 |
6.53 |
6.74 |
6.86 |
7.71 |
7.69 |
8.23 |
8.55 |
8.65 |
8.51 |
Argentina
|
1.48 |
1.42 |
1.49 |
1.41 |
1.38 |
1.35 |
1.60 |
1.85 |
2.30 |
2.78 |
3.53 |
4.34 |
5.50 |
6.61 |
8.67 |
11.44 |
14.92 |
Australia
|
4.35 |
4.66 |
5.04 |
5.30 |
5.30 |
5.65 |
6.63 |
7.35 |
7.79 |
7.97 |
8.06 |
8.18 |
8.65 |
8.56 |
8.62 |
8.89 |
9.06 |
Austria
|
80.41 |
82.18 |
84.48 |
# 6.31 |
6.40 |
6.30 |
6.36 |
6.38 |
6.30 |
6.56 |
6.79 |
7.08 |
7.47 |
7.85 |
7.73 |
7.96 |
8.28 |
Belgium
|
313.68 |
321.04 |
330.48 |
# 8.37 |
9.20 |
8.87 |
9.01 |
9.42 |
9.75 |
10.15 |
10.58 |
10.96 |
11.75 |
12.04 |
12.31 |
12.66 |
13.06 |
Brazil
|
2.42 |
2.55 |
2.66 |
2.51 |
2.58 |
2.79 |
2.92 |
3.26 |
3.58 |
4.00 |
4.21 |
4.44 |
5.02 |
5.22 |
5.63 |
6.40 |
7.17 |
Canada
|
3.96 |
3.94 |
3.90 |
3.91 |
3.96 |
4.23 |
4.73 |
5.17 |
5.59 |
5.86 |
6.21 |
6.31 |
6.55 |
6.70 |
7.08 |
7.18 |
7.29 |
Czech Republic
|
23.93 |
26.98 |
30.05 |
31.85 |
35.54 |
38.67 |
41.23 |
43.62 |
46.56 |
46.59 |
49.30 |
53.28 |
55.55 |
59.55 |
58.84 |
59.90 |
62.28 |
Denmark
|
NA |
4.98 |
5.15 |
9.71 |
9.48 |
13.68 |
17.07 |
19.46 |
20.80 |
23.26 |
22.82 |
25.04 |
25.79 |
25.49 |
26.01 |
26.62 |
27.03 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
11.08 |
11.78 |
13.36 |
14.69 |
15.73 |
17.79 |
20.72 |
25.11 |
29.36 |
30.49 |
29.48 |
# 1.95 |
2.11 |
Finland
|
26.64 |
26.26 |
26.39 |
# 4.45 |
4.49 |
4.79 |
5.02 |
5.27 |
5.57 |
5.85 |
6.11 |
6.32 |
6.64 |
7.08 |
6.97 |
7.21 |
7.39 |
France
|
43.00 |
43.99 |
44.79 |
# 6.95 |
7.08 |
7.33 |
7.59 |
7.85 |
8.12 |
8.15 |
8.27 |
8.39 |
8.49 |
8.67 |
8.83 |
9.05 |
9.27 |
Germany
|
11.82 |
11.86 |
11.77 |
# 5.84 |
6.27 |
6.39 |
6.64 |
6.82 |
7.01 |
6.83 |
7.19 |
6.85 |
6.90 |
7.13 |
7.23 |
7.35 |
7.56 |
Greece
|
710.67 |
736.45 |
763.95 |
793.37 |
824.93 |
# 2.26 |
2.62 |
2.66 |
2.78 |
2.70 |
2.96 |
3.28 |
3.63 |
3.77 |
3.89 |
3.76 |
3.49 |
Hungary
|
161.24 |
188.69 |
213.22 |
229.65 |
254.22 |
288.51 |
316.33 |
334.39 |
351.97 |
373.12 |
386.64 |
428.70 |
453.37 |
452.00 |
416.14 |
433.53 |
473.77 |
Ireland
|
1.41 |
1.43 |
1.50 |
# 2.00 |
2.13 |
2.48 |
2.57 |
2.82 |
3.05 |
3.34 |
3.64 |
4.02 |
4.43 |
5.42 |
4.82 |
4.50 |
5.19 |
Israel
|
5.37 |
6.29 |
7.02 |
7.10 |
7.62 |
8.35 |
8.95 |
8.98 |
8.78 |
9.64 |
10.03 |
10.82 |
9.92 |
10.72 |
11.90 |
13.37 |
13.38 |
Italy
|
10871.67 |
11298.01 |
10397.87 |
# 5.48 |
5.70 |
5.93 |
6.13 |
6.45 |
6.79 |
6.84 |
6.77 |
6.82 |
6.90 |
7.13 |
7.33 |
7.51 |
7.69 |
Japan
|
389.77 |
414.00 |
430.40 |
437.36 |
448.86 |
462.95 |
462.49 |
472.49 |
481.56 |
495.89 |
499.95 |
501.10 |
511.16 |
507.66 |
504.54 |
515.15 |
510.54 |
Korea, Republic of
|
1344.62 |
2036.02 |
2471.43 |
3026.00 |
2954.64 |
3036.52 |
3092.04 |
2933.02 |
2827.63 |
2634.26 |
2939.51 |
3340.04 |
3522.94 |
3764.06 |
4193.42 |
4441.37 |
5006.26 |
Mexico
|
8.07 |
9.40 |
11.03 |
12.58 |
14.52 |
16.87 |
17.56 |
18.38 |
18.62 |
18.79 |
19.85 |
20.68 |
22.36 |
23.91 |
23.28 |
24.28 |
25.25 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
10.08 |
10.32 |
# 4.75 |
4.81 |
5.27 |
5.50 |
5.93 |
5.95 |
5.86 |
5.84 |
5.83 |
6.23 |
6.32 |
6.33 |
6.44 |
6.66 |
New Zealand
|
0.63 |
0.64 |
0.63 |
0.63 |
0.62 |
0.62 |
0.62 |
0.65 |
0.70 |
0.75 |
0.80 |
0.88 |
0.89 |
1.03 |
1.05 |
1.25 |
1.29 |
Norway
|
NA |
27.53 |
29.62 |
31.19 |
32.47 |
35.95 |
39.84 |
43.31 |
47.42 |
48.43 |
51.08 |
54.59 |
57.79 |
60.05 |
62.32 |
64.86 |
65.90 |
Philippines
|
3.50 |
3.73 |
3.96 |
4.09 |
4.20 |
4.52 |
4.59 |
4.77 |
5.49 |
5.80 |
5.98 |
6.26 |
6.60 |
6.93 |
7.24 |
7.45 |
7.54 |
Poland
|
NA |
3.11 |
3.66 |
1.99 |
2.27 |
2.49 |
2.62 |
2.73 |
2.77 |
2.79 |
2.87 |
3.07 |
3.26 |
3.40 |
3.10 |
3.24 |
3.39 |
Portugal
|
234.45 |
237.06 |
246.85 |
# 1.25 |
1.27 |
1.34 |
1.41 |
1.45 |
1.50 |
1.54 |
1.58 |
1.62 |
1.68 |
1.74 |
1.77 |
1.86 |
1.85 |
Singapore
|
3.74 |
3.93 |
3.94 |
2.76 |
3.12 |
3.53 |
3.49 |
3.56 |
3.38 |
3.14 |
3.18 |
3.52 |
4.13 |
4.11 |
4.28 |
4.81 |
5.04 |
Slovakia
|
26.07 |
29.70 |
30.93 |
31.31 |
35.08 |
36.56 |
42.42 |
47.86 |
45.99 |
49.15 |
53.69 |
58.38 |
64.02 |
2.31 |
2.22 |
2.29 |
2.38 |
Spain
|
497.82 |
517.24 |
532.84 |
# 3.28 |
3.36 |
3.50 |
3.69 |
3.90 |
4.08 |
4.28 |
4.48 |
4.73 |
4.84 |
5.31 |
5.25 |
5.18 |
5.40 |
Sweden
|
55.21 |
58.52 |
61.62 |
63.94 |
67.74 |
72.46 |
76.62 |
82.63 |
84.45 |
87.80 |
87.17 |
97.05 |
94.44 |
103.93 |
103.54 |
105.15 |
112.46 |
Switzerland
|
6.75 |
6.79 |
6.91 |
6.85 |
7.00 |
7.34 |
7.54 |
7.67 |
7.56 |
7.73 |
7.94 |
8.08 |
8.23 |
8.44 |
8.16 |
8.19 |
8.30 |
Taiwan
|
26.84 |
27.27 |
28.53 |
29.90 |
32.38 |
33.77 |
31.04 |
29.54 |
29.65 |
33.09 |
35.43 |
38.25 |
40.33 |
38.23 |
39.09 |
39.52 |
40.53 |
United Kingdom
|
2.08 |
2.07 |
2.12 |
2.31 |
2.36 |
2.35 |
2.26 |
2.31 |
2.22 |
2.35 |
2.47 |
2.59 |
2.74 |
2.79 |
2.80 |
2.95 |
3.07 |
Note:
Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 6.1 Hourly direct pay as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
78.9 |
79.0 |
79.3 |
79.7 |
79.6 |
78.9 |
78.7 |
78.0 |
77.7 |
77.6 |
77.5 |
76.0 |
76.5 |
75.9 |
75.4 |
75.6 |
76.1 |
Argentina
|
80.1 |
81.2 |
81.3 |
82.5 |
83.1 |
83.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
82.6 |
Australia
|
82.3 |
81.7 |
81.5 |
81.1 |
81.3 |
80.5 |
79.3 |
78.8 |
78.5 |
78.7 |
79.2 |
79.4 |
79.4 |
79.7 |
80.0 |
80.2 |
80.3 |
Austria
|
73.0 |
73.0 |
72.9 |
72.9 |
73.1 |
74.0 |
74.3 |
74.6 |
74.9 |
74.8 |
74.6 |
74.5 |
74.4 |
74.3 |
74.3 |
74.3 |
74.3 |
Belgium
|
69.0 |
69.0 |
68.9 |
69.0 |
67.5 |
69.2 |
69.3 |
69.5 |
69.6 |
69.2 |
68.7 |
68.3 |
67.9 |
67.9 |
67.8 |
67.8 |
67.8 |
Brazil
|
66.1 |
66.5 |
66.0 |
67.3 |
67.5 |
67.3 |
67.6 |
67.1 |
68.0 |
67.2 |
67.6 |
67.9 |
67.5 |
67.9 |
68.0 |
67.2 |
67.2 |
Canada
|
84.4 |
84.6 |
85.2 |
85.2 |
85.5 |
84.7 |
83.3 |
82.5 |
81.9 |
81.6 |
80.8 |
81.2 |
80.8 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80.0 |
80.1 |
Czech Republic
|
73.9 |
73.8 |
73.7 |
73.6 |
72.9 |
72.9 |
72.7 |
72.6 |
72.4 |
73.4 |
73.3 |
73.3 |
73.4 |
72.7 |
73.0 |
73.4 |
73.4 |
Denmark
|
NA |
96.8 |
96.8 |
94.4 |
94.7 |
92.9 |
91.5 |
90.7 |
90.3 |
89.5 |
90.0 |
89.6 |
89.8 |
90.2 |
90.4 |
90.4 |
90.4 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
74.4 |
74.8 |
74.1 |
74.2 |
74.3 |
74.4 |
74.5 |
74.6 |
74.0 |
73.0 |
73.6 |
74.0 |
73.9 |
Finland
|
76.8 |
77.4 |
77.9 |
78.5 |
79.1 |
79.0 |
78.9 |
78.8 |
78.7 |
78.4 |
78.2 |
77.9 |
77.7 |
77.7 |
77.7 |
77.7 |
77.7 |
France
|
69.8 |
69.7 |
69.6 |
69.5 |
69.4 |
69.2 |
69.0 |
68.8 |
68.6 |
68.9 |
69.3 |
69.7 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
Germany
|
76.4 |
76.5 |
76.9 |
77.4 |
77.2 |
77.4 |
77.3 |
77.3 |
76.9 |
77.6 |
77.1 |
78.4 |
78.6 |
78.3 |
78.1 |
78.4 |
78.8 |
Greece
|
76.6 |
76.8 |
76.9 |
77.1 |
77.3 |
77.5 |
77.8 |
78.0 |
78.3 |
77.9 |
77.6 |
77.2 |
76.9 |
76.9 |
76.9 |
76.9 |
76.9 |
Hungary
|
66.1 |
66.9 |
67.8 |
68.6 |
69.5 |
70.1 |
70.7 |
71.3 |
71.9 |
72.1 |
73.2 |
73.1 |
73.0 |
74.1 |
76.2 |
76.5 |
76.5 |
Ireland
|
86.6 |
87.0 |
87.2 |
87.4 |
87.5 |
86.9 |
87.1 |
86.5 |
86.0 |
85.5 |
84.9 |
84.4 |
83.9 |
81.7 |
83.4 |
84.2 |
82.5 |
Israel
|
84.6 |
84.3 |
84.2 |
84.9 |
84.7 |
84.7 |
84.0 |
84.2 |
84.7 |
83.8 |
83.8 |
83.2 |
85.1 |
84.5 |
83.4 |
82.3 |
82.8 |
Italy
|
66.4 |
66.4 |
68.8 |
68.8 |
68.4 |
68.5 |
68.8 |
68.8 |
68.8 |
69.3 |
70.2 |
70.6 |
71.1 |
71.1 |
71.1 |
71.1 |
71.1 |
Japan
|
84.9 |
84.4 |
84.0 |
83.7 |
83.4 |
83.0 |
82.8 |
82.6 |
82.4 |
82.2 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.0 |
82.0 |
81.9 |
81.9 |
81.9 |
Korea, Republic of
|
82.5 |
76.8 |
73.3 |
70.4 |
72.8 |
73.9 |
75.9 |
78.3 |
80.5 |
82.6 |
82.3 |
81.5 |
81.0 |
80.4 |
79.7 |
79.2 |
78.5 |
Mexico
|
65.1 |
65.8 |
66.3 |
67.2 |
67.3 |
66.6 |
67.5 |
67.9 |
68.6 |
69.3 |
69.0 |
69.3 |
69.0 |
68.9 |
70.0 |
69.9 |
69.8 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
77.0 |
77.6 |
78.2 |
78.9 |
78.1 |
78.1 |
77.4 |
77.6 |
78.1 |
78.6 |
79.1 |
78.7 |
78.7 |
78.8 |
78.8 |
78.4 |
New Zealand
|
96.4 |
96.5 |
96.6 |
96.7 |
96.8 |
96.9 |
97.0 |
97.0 |
96.8 |
96.8 |
96.7 |
96.6 |
96.7 |
96.3 |
96.3 |
95.8 |
95.8 |
Norway
|
NA |
85.0 |
85.0 |
85.0 |
85.0 |
84.2 |
83.5 |
82.8 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
82.1 |
Philippines
|
90.1 |
90.1 |
90.1 |
90.2 |
90.5 |
90.9 |
91.3 |
91.4 |
91.1 |
91.2 |
91.4 |
91.5 |
91.5 |
91.5 |
91.5 |
91.5 |
91.5 |
Poland
|
NA |
70.0 |
69.6 |
85.3 |
84.7 |
84.5 |
84.3 |
84.0 |
84.2 |
84.6 |
85.0 |
85.5 |
85.9 |
85.9 |
87.4 |
87.4 |
87.4 |
Portugal
|
78.7 |
79.1 |
79.5 |
79.9 |
80.3 |
80.2 |
80.1 |
79.9 |
79.8 |
79.9 |
80.1 |
80.2 |
80.3 |
80.3 |
80.3 |
80.3 |
80.3 |
Singapore
|
77.8 |
78.2 |
79.5 |
85.2 |
84.5 |
83.9 |
83.9 |
84.0 |
84.9 |
85.8 |
85.4 |
85.1 |
84.5 |
83.9 |
83.8 |
83.5 |
83.3 |
Slovakia
|
68.9 |
68.9 |
69.6 |
70.8 |
70.6 |
71.9 |
71.1 |
70.3 |
72.6 |
72.8 |
72.4 |
72.3 |
72.1 |
71.4 |
72.5 |
72.9 |
72.9 |
Spain
|
74.6 |
74.7 |
74.8 |
74.9 |
75.0 |
74.9 |
74.8 |
74.6 |
74.4 |
74.3 |
74.2 |
73.9 |
74.3 |
73.4 |
73.9 |
74.6 |
74.1 |
Sweden
|
69.7 |
69.4 |
69.2 |
68.9 |
68.4 |
68.0 |
67.9 |
67.0 |
66.9 |
66.8 |
67.6 |
66.3 |
67.7 |
66.8 |
67.0 |
67.1 |
66.7 |
Switzerland
|
84.6 |
84.6 |
84.6 |
84.6 |
84.6 |
84.5 |
84.4 |
84.5 |
84.6 |
84.5 |
84.5 |
84.5 |
84.5 |
84.6 |
84.7 |
84.7 |
84.7 |
Taiwan
|
86.2 |
86.5 |
86.6 |
86.4 |
85.8 |
86.1 |
86.9 |
87.7 |
87.8 |
87.0 |
86.5 |
85.8 |
85.3 |
85.1 |
85.2 |
85.6 |
85.5 |
United Kingdom
|
81.8 |
82.4 |
83.0 |
82.5 |
82.7 |
83.7 |
84.6 |
85.0 |
85.7 |
85.6 |
85.4 |
85.3 |
85.2 |
85.2 |
85.2 |
84.6 |
84.4 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
77.7 |
77.9 |
78.2 |
# 78.2 |
78.0 |
77.9 |
77.9 |
78.0 |
78.1 |
77.9 |
78.0 |
77.9 |
77.5 |
77.7 |
77.7 |
77.6 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
77.6 |
77.7 |
77.9 |
# 78.0 |
77.7 |
77.6 |
77.5 |
77.6 |
77.8 |
77.5 |
77.7 |
77.6 |
77.2 |
77.4 |
77.4 |
77.3 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
76.7 |
77.1 |
77.3 |
# 77.2 |
77.4 |
77.5 |
77.4 |
77.4 |
77.5 |
77.5 |
77.8 |
77.8 |
77.6 |
77.7 |
77.8 |
77.6 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
74.7 |
75.1 |
75.4 |
# 75.2 |
75.3 |
75.3 |
75.1 |
75.0 |
75.3 |
75.2 |
75.7 |
75.7 |
75.3 |
75.5 |
75.7 |
75.5 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
70.1 |
70.2 |
76.6 |
# 76.3 |
76.5 |
76.4 |
76.4 |
76.7 |
77.2 |
77.5 |
77.6 |
77.8 |
77.7 |
79.0 |
79.2 |
79.2 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
80.9 |
79.8 |
79.8 |
# 80.5 |
80.9 |
82.0 |
83.2 |
84.3 |
85.2 |
84.9 |
84.3 |
83.8 |
83.4 |
83.1 |
82.9 |
82.6 |
Note:
Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 6.2 Hourly pay for time worked as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
70.1 |
70.4 |
70.8 |
71.4 |
71.2 |
70.3 |
70.0 |
69.2 |
69.1 |
68.8 |
68.6 |
67.0 |
67.6 |
67.4 |
67.0 |
66.7 |
67.1 |
Argentina
|
67.8 |
68.7 |
68.6 |
69.1 |
69.9 |
70.4 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
68.6 |
Australia
|
72.5 |
72.0 |
71.8 |
71.5 |
71.6 |
71.0 |
69.9 |
69.5 |
69.2 |
69.3 |
69.8 |
70.0 |
70.0 |
70.2 |
70.5 |
70.7 |
70.8 |
Austria
|
52.1 |
52.2 |
52.2 |
52.3 |
52.5 |
53.1 |
53.3 |
53.5 |
53.7 |
53.5 |
53.3 |
53.1 |
52.9 |
52.9 |
52.9 |
52.9 |
52.9 |
Belgium
|
49.2 |
49.2 |
49.1 |
49.2 |
48.1 |
49.3 |
49.4 |
49.6 |
49.6 |
49.1 |
48.6 |
48.2 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.6 |
47.6 |
47.6 |
Brazil
|
52.2 |
52.6 |
52.2 |
53.2 |
53.4 |
53.2 |
53.4 |
53.1 |
53.7 |
53.2 |
53.5 |
53.6 |
53.4 |
53.7 |
53.8 |
53.1 |
53.1 |
Canada
|
74.0 |
74.2 |
74.6 |
74.7 |
74.9 |
74.2 |
73.0 |
72.3 |
71.7 |
71.5 |
70.8 |
71.2 |
70.8 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
70.1 |
70.2 |
Czech Republic
|
60.4 |
60.3 |
60.2 |
60.2 |
59.9 |
58.9 |
59.4 |
59.3 |
59.3 |
60.2 |
60.3 |
60.1 |
60.4 |
59.2 |
59.8 |
60.5 |
60.5 |
Denmark
|
NA |
83.5 |
83.5 |
80.7 |
81.1 |
79.3 |
78.0 |
77.3 |
77.0 |
76.0 |
76.1 |
75.7 |
75.5 |
76.2 |
75.7 |
75.8 |
75.4 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
65.8 |
65.7 |
65.6 |
65.5 |
65.4 |
65.3 |
65.6 |
65.5 |
64.7 |
63.4 |
64.4 |
64.6 |
64.9 |
Finland
|
60.2 |
60.8 |
61.3 |
61.9 |
62.5 |
61.6 |
60.6 |
59.6 |
58.6 |
58.7 |
58.7 |
58.7 |
58.8 |
58.8 |
58.8 |
58.8 |
58.8 |
France
|
52.6 |
52.7 |
52.7 |
52.8 |
52.9 |
52.6 |
52.3 |
52.0 |
51.7 |
51.7 |
51.6 |
51.6 |
51.5 |
51.5 |
51.5 |
51.5 |
51.5 |
Germany
|
56.9 |
57.1 |
57.9 |
58.6 |
57.8 |
57.3 |
57.1 |
57.0 |
57.7 |
58.1 |
57.1 |
57.6 |
57.8 |
58.0 |
58.8 |
58.4 |
57.8 |
Greece
|
58.4 |
58.3 |
58.2 |
58.1 |
58.0 |
58.1 |
58.1 |
58.1 |
58.1 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
Hungary
|
52.1 |
52.2 |
52.4 |
52.5 |
52.7 |
53.1 |
53.4 |
53.8 |
54.1 |
54.1 |
54.7 |
54.4 |
54.2 |
55.0 |
56.5 |
56.7 |
56.7 |
Ireland
|
74.0 |
73.8 |
73.4 |
73.1 |
72.8 |
72.9 |
73.6 |
73.8 |
74.0 |
72.7 |
71.5 |
70.3 |
69.2 |
67.2 |
68.5 |
69.0 |
67.5 |
Israel
|
77.0 |
76.8 |
76.7 |
77.9 |
77.8 |
77.1 |
76.6 |
76.9 |
77.3 |
76.6 |
76.5 |
76.4 |
77.2 |
76.4 |
76.3 |
75.5 |
75.6 |
Italy
|
50.8 |
50.8 |
52.7 |
52.8 |
52.6 |
53.0 |
53.6 |
53.9 |
54.2 |
54.7 |
55.5 |
56.0 |
56.5 |
56.5 |
56.5 |
56.5 |
56.5 |
Japan
|
56.1 |
55.8 |
56.1 |
56.8 |
56.5 |
56.5 |
57.3 |
57.1 |
56.7 |
56.1 |
55.9 |
56.1 |
56.0 |
57.3 |
57.2 |
56.5 |
56.9 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
57.7 |
58.3 |
58.9 |
59.6 |
59.0 |
58.8 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
58.2 |
57.4 |
57.4 |
57.5 |
57.5 |
57.2 |
New Zealand
|
85.4 |
85.4 |
85.5 |
85.6 |
85.7 |
85.7 |
85.7 |
85.6 |
85.8 |
85.7 |
85.2 |
84.3 |
84.1 |
84.3 |
84.7 |
84.2 |
84.2 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
74.1 |
74.1 |
74.1 |
73.6 |
73.4 |
73.2 |
73.0 |
73.3 |
73.2 |
73.5 |
73.8 |
74.2 |
74.2 |
74.2 |
74.2 |
74.2 |
74.2 |
Poland
|
NA |
45.7 |
46.4 |
58.0 |
58.8 |
58.9 |
58.9 |
59.0 |
59.4 |
59.7 |
60.0 |
60.3 |
60.6 |
60.6 |
61.7 |
61.7 |
61.7 |
Portugal
|
60.6 |
60.3 |
60.0 |
59.7 |
59.5 |
60.1 |
60.8 |
61.5 |
62.2 |
61.9 |
61.7 |
61.4 |
61.1 |
61.1 |
61.1 |
61.1 |
61.1 |
Singapore
|
61.7 |
62.2 |
64.0 |
68.1 |
67.5 |
67.0 |
67.0 |
66.9 |
67.5 |
68.1 |
67.3 |
66.5 |
66.5 |
66.4 |
65.3 |
64.9 |
65.0 |
Slovakia
|
49.8 |
49.8 |
48.8 |
50.2 |
49.4 |
50.1 |
51.2 |
51.3 |
52.4 |
52.5 |
52.3 |
52.0 |
52.2 |
52.1 |
53.9 |
54.2 |
54.2 |
Spain
|
55.9 |
55.9 |
55.8 |
55.8 |
55.8 |
55.5 |
55.2 |
54.9 |
54.5 |
54.6 |
54.5 |
54.4 |
54.8 |
54.2 |
54.5 |
55.0 |
54.7 |
Sweden
|
59.8 |
59.5 |
59.2 |
58.8 |
58.4 |
57.9 |
57.7 |
56.7 |
56.5 |
56.4 |
57.1 |
56.0 |
57.2 |
56.4 |
56.6 |
56.6 |
56.3 |
Switzerland
|
66.7 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
66.1 |
65.6 |
65.9 |
66.3 |
65.5 |
64.6 |
64.5 |
64.4 |
65.3 |
66.1 |
66.1 |
66.1 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
66.9 |
67.2 |
67.4 |
66.7 |
66.7 |
68.5 |
70.3 |
71.7 |
73.4 |
73.0 |
72.6 |
72.3 |
71.9 |
71.9 |
71.9 |
71.4 |
71.3 |
Note:
Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 6.3 Hourly direct benefits as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
8.9 |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
8.6 |
8.7 |
8.8 |
8.6 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.9 |
9.0 |
Argentina
|
12.3 |
12.5 |
12.7 |
13.4 |
13.2 |
13.3 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
Australia
|
9.8 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
9.6 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.3 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
9.6 |
Austria
|
20.9 |
20.8 |
20.7 |
20.7 |
20.6 |
20.9 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.1 |
21.2 |
21.3 |
21.4 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
Belgium
|
19.8 |
19.8 |
19.8 |
19.8 |
19.4 |
19.9 |
19.9 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
20.1 |
20.1 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
Brazil
|
13.8 |
13.9 |
13.8 |
14.1 |
14.1 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
14.2 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
14.2 |
14.1 |
14.1 |
Canada
|
10.4 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
10.5 |
10.3 |
10.2 |
10.1 |
10.1 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
Czech Republic
|
13.5 |
13.5 |
13.5 |
13.5 |
13.0 |
14.0 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.1 |
13.1 |
13.0 |
13.2 |
13.0 |
13.5 |
13.2 |
12.9 |
12.9 |
Denmark
|
NA |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.7 |
13.7 |
13.6 |
13.5 |
13.4 |
13.3 |
13.5 |
13.8 |
14.0 |
14.3 |
14.0 |
14.7 |
14.6 |
15.0 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
8.6 |
9.1 |
8.5 |
8.7 |
8.9 |
9.0 |
8.9 |
9.1 |
9.3 |
9.5 |
9.3 |
9.4 |
9.1 |
Finland
|
16.6 |
16.6 |
16.6 |
16.6 |
16.6 |
17.5 |
18.3 |
19.2 |
20.0 |
19.8 |
19.5 |
19.2 |
18.9 |
18.9 |
18.9 |
18.9 |
18.9 |
France
|
17.2 |
17.0 |
16.9 |
16.7 |
16.5 |
16.6 |
16.7 |
16.8 |
16.9 |
17.3 |
17.7 |
18.1 |
18.5 |
18.5 |
18.5 |
18.5 |
18.5 |
Germany
|
19.5 |
19.5 |
19.0 |
18.8 |
19.5 |
20.1 |
20.2 |
20.3 |
19.1 |
19.6 |
20.0 |
20.8 |
20.8 |
20.3 |
19.3 |
20.0 |
21.0 |
Greece
|
18.2 |
18.4 |
18.7 |
19.0 |
19.3 |
19.5 |
19.7 |
19.9 |
20.1 |
19.8 |
19.4 |
19.1 |
18.7 |
18.7 |
18.7 |
18.7 |
18.7 |
Hungary
|
14.0 |
14.7 |
15.4 |
16.1 |
16.8 |
17.1 |
17.3 |
17.5 |
17.7 |
18.0 |
18.5 |
18.7 |
18.9 |
19.1 |
19.7 |
19.8 |
19.8 |
Ireland
|
12.6 |
13.2 |
13.7 |
14.3 |
14.8 |
14.1 |
13.5 |
12.7 |
12.0 |
12.7 |
13.4 |
14.1 |
14.8 |
14.5 |
14.9 |
15.2 |
15.0 |
Israel
|
7.5 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
7.1 |
6.9 |
7.6 |
7.4 |
7.3 |
7.4 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
7.9 |
8.0 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
7.2 |
Italy
|
15.7 |
15.7 |
16.1 |
16.0 |
15.8 |
15.5 |
15.2 |
14.9 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
Japan
|
28.7 |
28.7 |
28.0 |
26.9 |
26.9 |
26.6 |
25.5 |
25.5 |
25.7 |
26.0 |
26.2 |
26.0 |
26.0 |
24.6 |
24.7 |
25.4 |
25.0 |
Korea, Republic of
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Mexico
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Netherlands
|
NA |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.2 |
19.3 |
19.2 |
19.3 |
19.9 |
20.4 |
21.0 |
21.3 |
21.3 |
21.3 |
21.3 |
21.2 |
New Zealand
|
11.0 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
11.2 |
11.2 |
11.3 |
11.4 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
11.5 |
12.3 |
12.5 |
11.9 |
11.6 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
Norway
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Philippines
|
16.1 |
16.1 |
16.1 |
16.6 |
17.1 |
17.7 |
18.3 |
18.1 |
17.8 |
17.7 |
17.5 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
17.3 |
Poland
|
NA |
24.3 |
23.2 |
27.2 |
25.9 |
25.6 |
25.3 |
25.0 |
24.8 |
25.0 |
25.1 |
25.2 |
25.3 |
25.3 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
Portugal
|
18.1 |
18.8 |
19.5 |
20.2 |
20.9 |
20.1 |
19.2 |
18.4 |
17.6 |
18.0 |
18.4 |
18.8 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
19.3 |
Singapore
|
16.1 |
16.0 |
15.5 |
17.1 |
17.0 |
16.9 |
17.0 |
17.0 |
17.4 |
17.7 |
18.2 |
18.6 |
18.1 |
17.5 |
18.6 |
18.6 |
18.3 |
Slovakia
|
19.1 |
19.1 |
20.8 |
20.6 |
21.3 |
21.8 |
19.9 |
19.0 |
20.2 |
20.3 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
19.9 |
19.3 |
18.6 |
18.7 |
18.7 |
Spain
|
18.7 |
18.8 |
19.0 |
19.1 |
19.2 |
19.4 |
19.6 |
19.8 |
19.9 |
19.8 |
19.6 |
19.5 |
19.5 |
19.3 |
19.4 |
19.6 |
19.4 |
Sweden
|
9.9 |
9.9 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.1 |
10.2 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
10.5 |
10.3 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
Switzerland
|
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
18.4 |
18.9 |
18.5 |
18.2 |
19.1 |
19.9 |
20.0 |
20.1 |
19.4 |
18.6 |
18.6 |
18.6 |
Taiwan
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
United Kingdom
|
14.9 |
15.3 |
15.6 |
15.7 |
16.0 |
15.2 |
14.3 |
13.3 |
12.4 |
12.6 |
12.8 |
13.0 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
13.2 |
13.1 |
Note:
Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 6.4 Hourly social insurance expenditures and other labor-related taxes as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
21.1 |
21.0 |
20.7 |
20.3 |
20.4 |
21.1 |
21.3 |
22.0 |
22.3 |
22.4 |
22.5 |
24.0 |
23.5 |
24.1 |
24.6 |
24.4 |
23.9 |
Argentina
|
19.9 |
18.8 |
18.7 |
17.5 |
16.9 |
16.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
Australia
|
17.7 |
18.3 |
18.5 |
18.9 |
18.7 |
19.5 |
20.7 |
21.2 |
21.5 |
21.3 |
20.8 |
20.6 |
20.6 |
20.3 |
20.0 |
19.8 |
19.7 |
Austria
|
27.0 |
27.0 |
27.1 |
27.1 |
26.9 |
26.0 |
25.7 |
25.4 |
25.1 |
25.2 |
25.4 |
25.5 |
25.6 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
Belgium
|
31.0 |
31.0 |
31.1 |
31.0 |
32.5 |
30.8 |
30.7 |
30.5 |
30.4 |
30.8 |
31.3 |
31.7 |
32.1 |
32.1 |
32.2 |
32.2 |
32.2 |
Brazil
|
33.9 |
33.5 |
34.0 |
32.7 |
32.5 |
32.7 |
32.4 |
32.9 |
32.0 |
32.8 |
32.4 |
32.1 |
32.5 |
32.1 |
32.0 |
32.8 |
32.8 |
Canada
|
15.6 |
15.4 |
14.8 |
14.8 |
14.5 |
15.3 |
16.7 |
17.5 |
18.1 |
18.4 |
19.2 |
18.8 |
19.2 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
19.9 |
Czech Republic
|
26.1 |
26.2 |
26.3 |
26.4 |
27.1 |
27.1 |
27.3 |
27.4 |
27.6 |
26.6 |
26.7 |
26.7 |
26.6 |
27.3 |
27.0 |
26.6 |
26.6 |
Denmark
|
NA |
3.2 |
3.2 |
5.6 |
5.3 |
7.1 |
8.5 |
9.3 |
9.7 |
10.5 |
10.0 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
9.8 |
9.6 |
9.6 |
9.6 |
Estonia
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
25.6 |
25.2 |
25.9 |
25.8 |
25.7 |
25.6 |
25.5 |
25.4 |
26.0 |
27.0 |
26.4 |
26.0 |
26.1 |
Finland
|
23.2 |
22.6 |
22.1 |
21.5 |
20.9 |
21.0 |
21.1 |
21.2 |
21.3 |
21.6 |
21.8 |
22.1 |
22.3 |
22.3 |
22.3 |
22.3 |
22.3 |
France
|
30.2 |
30.3 |
30.4 |
30.5 |
30.6 |
30.8 |
31.0 |
31.2 |
31.4 |
31.1 |
30.7 |
30.3 |
29.9 |
29.9 |
29.9 |
29.9 |
29.9 |
Germany
|
23.6 |
23.5 |
23.1 |
22.6 |
22.8 |
22.6 |
22.7 |
22.7 |
23.1 |
22.4 |
22.9 |
21.6 |
21.4 |
21.7 |
21.9 |
21.6 |
21.2 |
Greece
|
23.4 |
23.2 |
23.1 |
22.9 |
22.7 |
22.5 |
22.2 |
22.0 |
21.7 |
22.1 |
22.4 |
22.8 |
23.1 |
23.1 |
23.1 |
23.1 |
23.1 |
Hungary
|
33.9 |
33.1 |
32.2 |
31.4 |
30.5 |
29.9 |
29.3 |
28.7 |
28.1 |
27.9 |
26.8 |
26.9 |
27.0 |
25.9 |
23.8 |
23.5 |
23.5 |
Ireland
|
13.4 |
13.0 |
12.8 |
12.6 |
12.5 |
13.1 |
12.9 |
13.5 |
14.0 |
14.5 |
15.1 |
15.6 |
16.1 |
18.3 |
16.6 |
15.8 |
17.5 |
Israel
|
15.4 |
15.7 |
15.8 |
15.1 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
16.0 |
15.8 |
15.3 |
16.2 |
16.2 |
16.8 |
14.9 |
15.5 |
16.6 |
17.7 |
17.2 |
Italy
|
33.6 |
33.6 |
31.2 |
31.2 |
31.6 |
31.5 |
31.2 |
31.2 |
31.2 |
30.7 |
29.8 |
29.4 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
Japan
|
15.1 |
15.6 |
16.0 |
16.3 |
16.6 |
17.0 |
17.2 |
17.4 |
17.6 |
17.8 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
18.0 |
18.0 |
18.1 |
18.1 |
18.1 |
Korea, Republic of
|
17.5 |
23.2 |
26.7 |
29.6 |
27.2 |
26.1 |
24.1 |
21.7 |
19.5 |
17.4 |
17.7 |
18.5 |
19.0 |
19.6 |
20.3 |
20.8 |
21.5 |
Mexico
|
34.9 |
34.2 |
33.7 |
32.8 |
32.7 |
33.4 |
32.5 |
32.1 |
31.4 |
30.7 |
31.0 |
30.7 |
31.0 |
31.1 |
30.0 |
30.1 |
30.2 |
Netherlands
|
NA |
23.0 |
22.4 |
21.8 |
21.1 |
21.9 |
21.9 |
22.6 |
22.4 |
21.9 |
21.4 |
20.9 |
21.3 |
21.3 |
21.2 |
21.2 |
21.6 |
New Zealand
|
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
Norway
|
NA |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
15.8 |
16.5 |
17.2 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
17.9 |
Philippines
|
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.8 |
9.5 |
9.1 |
8.7 |
8.6 |
8.9 |
8.8 |
8.6 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
Poland
|
NA |
30.0 |
30.4 |
14.7 |
15.3 |
15.5 |
15.7 |
16.0 |
15.8 |
15.4 |
15.0 |
14.5 |
14.1 |
14.1 |
12.6 |
12.6 |
12.6 |
Portugal
|
21.3 |
20.9 |
20.5 |
20.1 |
19.7 |
19.8 |
19.9 |
20.1 |
20.2 |
20.1 |
19.9 |
19.8 |
19.7 |
19.7 |
19.7 |
19.7 |
19.7 |
Singapore
|
22.2 |
21.8 |
20.5 |
14.8 |
15.5 |
16.1 |
16.1 |
16.0 |
15.1 |
14.2 |
14.6 |
14.9 |
15.5 |
16.1 |
16.2 |
16.5 |
16.7 |
Slovakia
|
31.1 |
31.1 |
30.4 |
29.2 |
29.4 |
28.1 |
28.9 |
29.7 |
27.4 |
27.2 |
27.6 |
27.7 |
27.9 |
28.6 |
27.5 |
27.1 |
27.1 |
Spain
|
25.4 |
25.3 |
25.2 |
25.1 |
25.0 |
25.1 |
25.2 |
25.4 |
25.6 |
25.7 |
25.8 |
26.1 |
25.7 |
26.6 |
26.1 |
25.4 |
25.9 |
Sweden
|
30.3 |
30.6 |
30.8 |
31.1 |
31.6 |
32.0 |
32.1 |
33.0 |
33.1 |
33.2 |
32.4 |
33.7 |
32.3 |
33.2 |
33.0 |
32.9 |
33.3 |
Switzerland
|
15.4 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
15.5 |
15.6 |
15.5 |
15.4 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.4 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
Taiwan
|
13.8 |
13.5 |
13.4 |
13.6 |
14.2 |
13.9 |
13.1 |
12.3 |
12.2 |
13.0 |
13.5 |
14.2 |
14.7 |
14.9 |
14.8 |
14.4 |
14.5 |
United Kingdom
|
18.2 |
17.6 |
17.0 |
17.5 |
17.3 |
16.3 |
15.4 |
15.0 |
14.3 |
14.4 |
14.6 |
14.7 |
14.8 |
14.8 |
14.8 |
15.4 |
15.6 |
Trade-Weighted Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Foreign Countries (1)
|
NA |
22.3 |
22.1 |
21.8 |
# 21.8 |
22.0 |
22.1 |
22.1 |
22.0 |
21.9 |
22.1 |
22.0 |
22.1 |
22.5 |
22.3 |
22.3 |
22.4 |
OECD (1)
|
NA |
22.4 |
22.3 |
22.1 |
# 22.0 |
22.3 |
22.4 |
22.5 |
22.4 |
22.2 |
22.5 |
22.3 |
22.4 |
22.8 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
22.7 |
Europe (1)
|
NA |
23.3 |
22.9 |
22.7 |
# 22.8 |
22.6 |
22.5 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
22.5 |
22.5 |
22.2 |
22.2 |
22.4 |
22.3 |
22.2 |
22.4 |
Euro Area (1)
|
NA |
25.3 |
24.9 |
24.6 |
# 24.8 |
24.7 |
24.7 |
24.9 |
25.0 |
24.7 |
24.8 |
24.3 |
24.3 |
24.7 |
24.5 |
24.3 |
24.5 |
Eastern Europe (1)
|
NA |
29.9 |
29.8 |
23.4 |
# 23.7 |
23.5 |
23.6 |
23.6 |
23.3 |
22.8 |
22.5 |
22.4 |
22.2 |
22.3 |
21.0 |
20.8 |
20.8 |
East Asia ex-Japan
|
NA |
19.1 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
# 19.5 |
19.1 |
18.0 |
16.8 |
15.7 |
14.8 |
15.1 |
15.7 |
16.2 |
16.6 |
16.9 |
17.1 |
17.4 |
Note:
Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf.
'NA' means data not available.
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
(1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 |
Table 7.1 Exchange rates, National currency units per U.S. dollar, 1996-2012
Country or Area |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
United States
|
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
Argentina
|
0.9997 |
0.9995 |
0.9995 |
0.9995 |
0.9995 |
0.9995 |
3.0633 |
2.9006 |
2.9233 |
2.9037 |
3.0543 |
3.0956 |
3.1442 |
3.7101 |
3.8963 |
4.1101 |
4.5369 |
Australia
|
1.2775 |
1.3446 |
1.5896 |
1.5494 |
1.7197 |
1.9346 |
1.8392 |
1.5328 |
1.3578 |
1.3111 |
1.3271 |
1.1918 |
1.1714 |
1.2615 |
1.0870 |
0.9679 |
0.9653 |
Austria
|
10.5890 |
12.2060 |
12.3790 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Belgium
|
30.9700 |
35.8100 |
36.3100 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Brazil
|
1.0051 |
1.0779 |
1.1605 |
1.8207 |
1.8301 |
2.3527 |
2.9213 |
3.0750 |
2.9262 |
2.4352 |
2.1738 |
1.9461 |
1.8326 |
1.9976 |
1.7600 |
1.6723 |
1.9535 |
Canada
|
1.3638 |
1.3849 |
1.4836 |
1.4858 |
1.4855 |
1.5487 |
1.5704 |
1.4008 |
1.3017 |
1.2115 |
1.1340 |
1.0734 |
1.0660 |
1.1412 |
1.0298 |
0.9887 |
0.9995 |
Czech Republic
|
27.1450 |
31.6980 |
32.2810 |
34.5690 |
38.5980 |
38.0350 |
32.7390 |
28.2090 |
25.7000 |
23.9574 |
22.5956 |
20.2937 |
17.0717 |
19.0630 |
19.0983 |
17.6959 |
19.5775 |
Denmark
|
5.8003 |
6.6092 |
6.7030 |
6.9900 |
8.0953 |
8.3323 |
7.8862 |
6.5774 |
5.9891 |
5.9953 |
5.9422 |
5.4413 |
5.0885 |
5.3574 |
5.6265 |
5.3535 |
5.7922 |
Estonia
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
16.9690 |
17.4780 |
16.6120 |
13.8560 |
12.5960 |
12.5838 |
12.4655 |
11.4339 |
10.6944 |
11.2574 |
11.8068 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Finland
|
4.5936 |
5.1914 |
5.3441 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
France
|
5.1158 |
5.8393 |
5.8995 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Germany
|
1.5049 |
1.7348 |
1.7597 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Greece
|
240.7000 |
273.1000 |
295.5000 |
306.7000 |
365.4000 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Hungary
|
152.6470 |
186.7890 |
214.4020 |
237.1460 |
282.1790 |
286.4900 |
257.8870 |
224.3070 |
202.7500 |
199.5825 |
210.3900 |
183.6258 |
172.1133 |
202.3417 |
207.9442 |
201.0550 |
225.1042 |
Ireland
|
0.6248 |
0.6588 |
0.7014 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Israel
|
3.1920 |
3.4490 |
3.8000 |
4.1400 |
4.0770 |
4.2060 |
4.7380 |
4.5540 |
4.4820 |
4.4877 |
4.4558 |
4.1081 |
3.5880 |
3.9323 |
3.7390 |
3.5781 |
3.8559 |
Italy
|
1542.7600 |
1703.8100 |
1736.8500 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Japan
|
108.7800 |
121.0581 |
130.9892 |
113.7342 |
107.8040 |
121.5680 |
125.2204 |
115.9387 |
108.1508 |
110.1069 |
116.3121 |
117.7623 |
103.3906 |
93.6827 |
87.7817 |
79.6967 |
79.8180 |
Korea, Republic of
|
804.9968 |
953.1904 |
1400.4036 |
1189.8361 |
1130.8975 |
1292.0149 |
1250.3140 |
1192.0817 |
1145.2364 |
1023.7492 |
954.3210 |
928.9717 |
1098.7061 |
1274.6252 |
1155.7389 |
1106.9400 |
1126.1621 |
Mexico
|
7.6004 |
7.9177 |
9.1521 |
9.5533 |
9.4586 |
9.3366 |
9.6633 |
10.7925 |
11.2897 |
10.8938 |
10.9056 |
10.9281 |
11.1425 |
13.4979 |
12.6237 |
12.4270 |
13.1539 |
Netherlands
|
1.6863 |
1.9525 |
1.9837 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
New Zealand
|
1.4541 |
1.5094 |
1.8653 |
1.8896 |
2.1891 |
2.3798 |
2.1529 |
1.7176 |
1.5053 |
1.4186 |
1.5404 |
1.3578 |
1.3984 |
1.5728 |
1.3858 |
1.2626 |
1.2338 |
Norway
|
6.4594 |
7.0857 |
7.5521 |
7.8071 |
8.8131 |
8.9964 |
7.9839 |
7.0803 |
6.7399 |
6.4412 |
6.4095 |
5.8557 |
5.6365 |
6.2908 |
6.0451 |
5.6022 |
5.8181 |
Philippines
|
26.1260 |
29.4710 |
40.8930 |
39.0890 |
44.1920 |
50.9930 |
51.6040 |
54.2030 |
56.0400 |
55.0855 |
51.3143 |
46.1484 |
44.3233 |
47.6797 |
45.1097 |
43.3131 |
42.2288 |
Poland
|
- |
3.2800 |
3.4800 |
3.9700 |
4.3500 |
4.0939 |
4.0800 |
3.8891 |
3.6576 |
3.2355 |
3.1032 |
2.7679 |
2.4092 |
3.1201 |
3.0153 |
2.9628 |
3.2565 |
Portugal
|
154.2800 |
175.4400 |
180.2500 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Singapore
|
1.4100 |
1.4857 |
1.6722 |
1.6951 |
1.7250 |
1.7930 |
1.7908 |
1.7429 |
1.6902 |
1.6639 |
1.5882 |
1.5065 |
1.4140 |
1.4543 |
1.3629 |
1.2565 |
1.2492 |
Slovakia
|
30.6540 |
33.6160 |
35.2330 |
41.3630 |
46.0350 |
48.3550 |
45.3270 |
36.7730 |
32.2570 |
31.0183 |
29.6973 |
24.6943 |
21.3614 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Spain
|
126.6800 |
146.5300 |
149.4100 |
0.9387 |
1.0832 |
1.1171 |
1.0578 |
0.8833 |
0.8040 |
0.8033 |
0.7960 |
0.7293 |
0.6791 |
0.7176 |
0.7541 |
0.7178 |
0.7777 |
Sweden
|
6.7082 |
7.6447 |
7.9522 |
8.2740 |
9.1735 |
10.3425 |
9.7233 |
8.0787 |
7.3480 |
7.4710 |
7.3718 |
6.7550 |
6.5846 |
7.6539 |
7.2053 |
6.4878 |
6.7721 |
Switzerland
|
1.2361 |
1.4514 |
1.4506 |
1.5045 |
1.6904 |
1.6891 |
1.5567 |
1.3450 |
1.2428 |
1.2459 |
1.2532 |
1.1999 |
1.0816 |
1.0860 |
1.0432 |
0.8862 |
0.9377 |
Taiwan
|
27.4680 |
28.7751 |
33.5473 |
32.3222 |
31.2599 |
33.8243 |
34.5363 |
34.4047 |
33.3719 |
32.1312 |
32.5065 |
32.8547 |
31.5205 |
33.0200 |
31.4974 |
29.3822 |
29.5581 |
United Kingdom
|
0.6407 |
0.6106 |
0.6034 |
0.6184 |
0.6598 |
0.6946 |
0.6656 |
0.6117 |
0.5456 |
0.5493 |
0.5425 |
0.4995 |
0.5392 |
0.6385 |
0.6472 |
0.6233 |
0.6308 |
Note:
National currency units are United States, dollar; Argentina, peso; Australia, dollar; Austria, schilling (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012);
# Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013
Belgium, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Estonia, kroon (1996-2010), euro (2011-2012);
Finland, markka (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); France, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Germany, mark (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012);
Greece, drachma (1996-2000), euro (2001-2012); Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Israel, new shekel;
Italy, lira (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Japan, yen; Korea, Republic of, won; Mexico, peso; Netherlands, guilder (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012);
New Zealand, dollar; Norway, kroner; Philippines, peso; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Singapore, dollar;
Slovakia, koruna (1996-2008), euro (2009-2012); Spain, peseta (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Taiwan, dollar;
United Kingdom, pound.
'NA' means data not available. |
Last updated: August 15, 2013