International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing, 2012

REPORT (PDF)
Technical Notes (PDF)
Country Notes and Data Sources (PDF)

Chart 1.

Changes in a country's compensation costs in U.S. dollars are roughly equivalent to the change in compensation costs in a country's national currency plus the change in the value of the country's currency relative to the U.S. dollar. This relationship is illustrated in Chart 2, where the bars in the right panel for each country can be summed to equal the bars in the left panel. In 2012, nearly all countries had at least moderate increases in hourly compensation costs in national currency, but the currencies of most countries depreciated against the U.S. dollar, resulting in U.S. dollar-denominated hourly compensation costs declining in most countries.

Chart 2.

Chart 3 shows the benefit components of manufacturing employers' compensation costs as a percent of total costs. (See Table 3 for data in U.S. dollars.) Countries are ordered based on social insurance expenditures as a percent of total compensation. In countries with the highest ratio of social insurance costs, such as Sweden, Brazil, and Belgium, social insurance makes up approximately one-third of total compensation costs. In the United States, social insurance costs account for about 24 percent of total compensation, while in the Asian countries, with the exception of the Republic of Korea, social insurance is less than 20 percent.

Directly-paid benefits primarily comprise pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. The percentage of compensation that is directly-paid benefits tends to be higher in many European countries (due in large part to leave pay) and in Japan (where seasonal bonuses are a large portion of costs). Directly-paid benefits are a relatively smaller portion of costs in countries such as the United States, Australia, and Canada.

The total benefits portion of compensation costs can be seen by combining social insurance with directly-paid benefits. Total benefits surpass 40 percent in 14 countries. In contrast, the ratio of benefit costs in the United States is about 33 percent.

Chart 3.

China and India

BLS has developed estimates of hourly compensation costs for employees in the Chinese and Indian manufacturing sectors. Due to various data gaps and methodological issues, compensation costs for China and India are not directly comparable to each other or with the data for other countries found in this report, and therefore are presented separately. Data are available for China through 2009 and for India through 2010.

For China, BLS approximates average hourly compensation costs in manufacturing by filling important data gaps for hours worked per year and for benefit components of labor compensation. Further, the concepts and coverage of Chinese statistics on manufacturing employment and wages often do not follow international standards and can be difficult to understand. Largely because of these data gaps and challenges, BLS estimates for China cannot be considered as robust as the manufacturing statistics for the other countries in this report.

For India, BLS estimates of compensation costs refer to formal manufacturing only, rather than to total manufacturing in the country. Unorganized sector manufacturing workers account for approximately 80 percent of total manufacturing employment in India and earn substantially less than their formal sector counterparts. For this reason, employers' average compensation costs in formal manufacturing overstate average compensation costs for Indian manufacturing as a whole.

Chart 4.

Report Tables

Table 1. Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, and as a percent of costs in the United States
	Hourly Compensation Costs
	in U.S. dollars		U.S.=100
	1997 (1)	2012	1997 (1)	2012
Norway	25.83	63.36	112	178
Switzerland	30.42	57.79	132	162
Belgium	28.92	52.19	125	146
Sweden	25.02	49.80	109	140
Denmark	23.70	48.47	103	136
Australia	18.93	47.68	82	134
Germany	29.16	45.79	127	128
Finland	22.36	42.60	97	119
Austria	24.91	41.53	108	116
France	24.86	39.81	108	112
Netherlands	22.45	39.62	97	111
Ireland	16.69	38.17	72	107
Canada	18.49	36.59	80	103
United States	23.04	35.67	100	100
Japan	21.99	35.34	95	99
Italy	19.76	34.18	86	96
United Kingdom	19.31	31.23	84	88
Spain	13.95	26.83	61	75
New Zealand	12.06	24.77	52	69
Singapore	12.15	24.16	53	68
Korea, Republic of	9.22	20.72	40	58
Israel	11.62	20.14	50	56
Greece	11.61	19.41	50	54
Argentina	7.55	18.87	33	53
Portugal	6.46	12.10	28	34
Czech Republic	3.25	11.95	14	34
Slovakia	2.84	11.30	12	32
Brazil	7.07	11.20	31	31
Estonia	NA	10.41	NA	29
Taiwan	7.04	9.46	31	27
Hungary	3.05	8.95	13	25
Poland	3.15	8.25	14	23
Mexico	3.47	6.36	15	18
Philippines	1.28	2.10	6	6
Note: 'NA' means data not available. (1) With the exception of Estonia, 1997 is the first year data for all countries are available to BLS. For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Table 2. Average annual percent change in hourly compensation costs in manufacturing and exchange rates
	1997-2012			2011-2012
	National currency change	Exchange rate change (1)	U.S. dollar change (2)	National currency change	Exchange rate change (1)	U.S. dollar change (2)
Argentina	17.6	-9.6	6.3	30.3	-9.4	18.1
Korea, Republic of	6.7	-1.1	5.5	9.5	-1.7	7.6
New Zealand	3.5	1.4	4.9	3.5	2.3	5.9
Singapore	3.5	1.2	4.7	3.8	0.6	4.5
Philippines	5.9	-2.4	3.4	1.2	2.6	3.8
Australia	4.0	2.2	6.4	2.3	0.3	2.6
United Kingdom	3.5	-0.2	3.3	2.7	-1.2	1.5
Taiwan	2.2	-0.2	2.0	1.8	-0.6	1.2
Sweden	3.9	0.8	4.7	5.6	-4.2	1.2
Canada	2.4	2.2	4.7	1.8	-1.1	0.7
United States	3.0	0.0	3.0	0.4	0.0	0.4
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	8.2	-7.7	-0.1
Japan	0.4	2.8	3.2	-0.9	-0.2	-1.0
Mexico	7.7	-3.3	4.1	3.8	-5.5	-1.9
Norway	4.8	1.3	6.2	1.6	-3.7	-2.2
Hungary	8.8	-1.2	7.4	9.3	-10.7	-2.4
Germany	2.2	0.9	3.1	4.6	-7.7	-3.4
Austria	2.6	0.9	3.5	4.1	-7.7	-3.9
Ireland	5.2	0.5	5.7	4.1	-7.7	-3.9
Brazil	7.3	-3.9	3.1	12.2	-14.4	-4.0
Slovakia	7.0	2.4	9.6	4.0	-7.7	-4.0
Switzerland	1.4	3.0	4.4	1.2	-5.5	-4.3
Belgium	3.1	0.9	4.0	3.2	-7.7	-4.7
Israel	4.5	-0.7	3.7	2.7	-7.2	-4.7
Poland	6.6	0.0	6.6	4.5	-9.0	-4.9
Finland	3.6	0.8	4.4	2.4	-7.7	-5.4
Italy	2.9	0.8	3.7	2.4	-7.7	-5.4
France	2.3	0.9	3.2	2.4	-7.7	-5.5
Spain	3.6	0.8	4.5	2.2	-7.7	-5.6
Czech Republic	5.6	3.3	9.1	4.0	-9.6	-6.0
Denmark	4.0	0.9	4.9	1.5	-7.6	-6.2
Netherlands	3.0	0.9	3.9	1.6	-7.7	-6.3
Portugal	3.5	0.8	4.3	-0.3	-7.7	-8.0
Greece	3.3	0.2	3.5	-7.2	-7.7	-14.4
Note: 'NA' means data not available. (1) Exchange rates are value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar. (2) U.S. dollar changes are approximately equal to national currency changes plus exchange rate changes for each country. For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Table 3. Components of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 2012
	Hourly Compensation Costs
	Total	Social Insurance(1)	Direct Pay
	Total	Social Insurance(1)	Total	Directly-Paid Benefits(2)	Pay for Time Worked(3)
Norway	63.36	11.33	52.03	NA	NA
Switzerland	57.79	8.85	48.95	10.75	38.19
Belgium	52.19	16.79	35.40	10.54	24.86
Sweden	49.80	16.61	33.20	5.17	28.03
Denmark	48.47	4.67	43.80	7.26	36.54
Australia	47.68	9.39	38.29	4.55	33.73
Germany	45.79	9.73	36.07	9.62	26.45
Finland	42.60	9.50	33.10	8.07	25.03
Austria	41.53	10.65	30.88	8.91	21.96
France	39.81	11.92	27.89	7.38	20.51
Netherlands	39.62	8.56	31.06	8.40	22.66
Ireland	38.17	6.68	31.50	5.71	25.78
Canada	36.59	7.30	29.30	3.62	25.68
United States	35.67	8.51	27.15	3.22	23.93
Japan	35.34	6.40	28.94	8.83	20.11
Italy	34.18	9.89	24.29	4.98	19.31
United Kingdom	31.23	4.86	26.37	4.11	22.27
Spain	26.83	6.95	19.89	5.22	14.67
New Zealand	24.77	1.05	23.72	2.85	20.87
Singapore	24.16	4.03	20.13	4.42	15.71
Korea, Republic of	20.72	4.45	16.27	NA	NA
Israel	20.14	3.47	16.67	1.45	15.22
Greece	19.41	4.48	14.93	3.64	11.29
Argentina	18.87	3.29	15.58	2.64	12.94
Portugal	12.10	2.38	9.72	2.33	7.39
Czech Republic	11.95	3.18	8.77	1.54	7.23
Slovakia	11.30	3.06	8.23	2.11	6.12
Brazil	11.20	3.67	7.53	1.58	5.95
Estonia	10.41	2.71	7.69	0.94	6.75
Taiwan	9.46	1.37	8.08	NA	NA
Hungary	8.95	2.10	6.84	1.77	5.08
Poland	8.25	1.04	7.21	2.12	5.09
Mexico	6.36	1.92	4.45	NA	NA
Philippines	2.10	0.18	1.92	0.36	1.56
Note: 'NA' means data not available. (1) Social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies. (2) Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. (3) Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments. For additional information, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Detailed Time Series Tables:

Table 1.1 Indexes of compensation costs, U.S. dollar basis (U.S.=100)

Table 1.2 Compensation costs in U.S. dollars

Table 1.3 Indexes of compensation costs, U.S. dollar basis (2000 = 100)

Table 1.4 Compensation costs in national currency

Table 1.5 Indexes of compensation costs, national currency basis (2000=100)

Table 2.1 Indexes of direct pay, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. =100)

Table 2.2 Direct pay in U.S. dollars

Table 2.3 Direct pay in national currency

Table 3.1 Indexes of pay for time worked, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. =100)

Table 3.2 Pay for time worked in U.S. dollar

Table 3.3 Pay for time worked in national currency

Table 4.1 Indexes of direct benefits, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. =100)

Table 4.2 Direct benefits in U.S. dollars

Table 4.3 Direct benefits in national currency

Table 5.1 indexes of social insurance and labor-related taxes, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. =100)

Table 5.2 Social insurance and labor-related taxes in U.S. dollars

Table 5.3 Social insurance and labor-related taxes in national currency

Table 6.1 Direct pay as a percent of total compensation costs

Table 6.2 Pay for time worked as a percent of total compensation costs

Table 6.3 Direct benefits as a percent of total compensation costs

Table 6.4 Social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes as a percent of total compensation costs

Table 7.1 Exchange rates

Table 1.1 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis (U.S. = 100), 1996-2012
Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Argentina	33	33	34	34	33	32	11	13	15	18	22	25	31	30	37	45	53
Australia	85	82	73	76	66	57	64	79	91	95	96	104	110	98	114	131	134
Austria	125	108	107	103	88	83	85	99	106	107	110	119	131	125	115	122	116
Belgium	146	125	125	120	105	98	101	123	136	136	139	148	164	153	146	154	146
Brazil	32	31	29	18	17	14	11	11	13	17	20	22	26	24	29	33	31
Canada	83	80	75	74	73	68	66	74	81	87	94	97	98	86	99	102	103
Czech Republic	15	14	15	15	14	14	17	20	22	24	27	31	37	33	33	36	34
Denmark	NA	103	103	104	89	88	93	111	122	123	125	139	152	142	138	145	136
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	10	10	11	14	17	18	21	27	32	29	27	29	29
Finland	111	97	95	92	80	78	82	98	111	112	115	122	134	129	119	127	119
France	124	108	106	101	86	81	85	100	110	108	111	118	127	118	112	119	112
Germany	148	127	123	115	102	97	101	119	129	126	129	136	145	134	126	134	128
Greece	56	50	48	47	40	34	41	48	54	51	54	62	71	66	64	64	54
Hungary	14	13	13	13	12	13	15	18	21	22	22	27	30	25	24	26	25
Ireland	75	72	71	70	63	65	69	83	93	95	100	110	124	121	111	112	107
Israel	49	50	50	47	49	50	43	44	44	44	45	49	57	51	55	60	56
Italy	93	86	82	78	67	64	68	82	92	92	94	99	107	100	96	102	96
Japan	105	95	88	98	100	86	79	82	86	84	79	74	84	88	91	101	99
Korea, Republic of	42	40	28	36	39	34	37	40	43	49	57	61	51	44	51	54	58
Mexico	14	15	15	17	19	21	20	19	18	19	19	19	20	17	18	18	18
Netherlands	NA	97	99	97	84	82	87	104	113	110	113	119	131	121	114	119	111
New Zealand	54	52	43	42	36	33	36	44	50	54	52	59	58	51	59	66	69
Norway	NA	112	111	111	98	97	111	125	134	140	146	163	175	156	166	182	178
Philippines	6	6	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	6	6
Poland	NA	14	15	14	14	15	15	15	16	19	20	24	29	23	23	24	23
Portugal	32	28	28	28	24	23	25	29	32	32	33	35	38	36	34	37	34
Singapore	53	53	49	46	47	47	44	45	45	44	45	49	58	51	56	65	68
Slovakia	12	12	12	11	10	10	12	15	18	19	22	27	33	33	31	33	32
Spain	69	61	60	58	50	48	51	61	68	69	72	77	85	81	77	80	75
Sweden	121	109	107	103	94	84	90	109	118	117	120	133	136	120	125	139	140
Switzerland	158	132	132	123	108	107	114	129	134	133	134	136	150	148	147	170	162
Taiwan	32	31	27	28	29	27	25	24	25	26	26	26	26	23	24	26	27
United Kingdom	79	84	88	89	83	79	81	88	97	99	102	110	104	86	84	87	88
Trade-Weighted Measures
All Foreign Countries (1)	NA	69	66	66	# 63	59	59	65	70	72	75	78	82	75	78	82	81
OECD (1)	NA	73	70	70	# 66	62	62	70	75	77	80	83	87	79	82	87	86
Europe (1)	NA	101	101	97	# 85	82	86	100	110	109	112	119	127	117	112	119	114
Euro Area (1)	NA	105	103	98	# 86	82	86	102	112	111	114	121	132	123	116	122	116
Eastern Europe (1)	NA	14	14	14	# 13	14	15	17	19	21	23	27	32	27	27	29	27
East Asia ex-Japan	NA	38	31	33	# 35	33	33	34	35	38	42	44	42	37	41	45	47
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	22.47	23.04	23.49	24.02	24.96	26.22	27.36	28.57	29.31	30.14	30.48	32.07	32.78	34.19	34.81	35.51	35.67
Argentina	7.43	7.55	8.01	8.08	8.16	8.27	3.01	3.65	4.51	5.51	6.63	8.04	10.04	10.23	12.77	15.98	18.87
Australia	19.17	18.93	17.15	18.14	16.45	15.02	17.42	22.65	26.75	28.55	29.17	33.37	35.91	33.42	39.68	46.47	47.68
Austria	28.12	24.91	25.20	24.85	21.97	21.70	23.38	28.38	31.18	32.37	33.63	38.13	42.86	42.62	39.98	43.23	41.53
Belgium	32.71	28.92	29.30	28.74	26.14	25.78	27.76	35.01	39.95	41.00	42.49	47.46	53.88	52.27	50.72	54.76	52.19
Brazil	7.11	7.07	6.74	4.21	4.35	3.63	3.08	3.23	3.82	5.01	5.99	7.10	8.44	8.13	10.01	11.67	11.20
Canada	18.62	18.49	17.73	17.84	18.33	17.81	18.05	21.08	23.67	26.26	28.58	31.27	32.06	29.40	34.36	36.34	36.59
Czech Republic	3.38	3.25	3.55	3.50	3.40	3.75	4.61	5.65	6.57	7.30	8.16	9.81	12.23	11.42	11.42	12.71	11.95
Denmark	NA	23.70	24.17	24.94	22.21	23.00	25.45	31.70	35.68	37.05	38.23	44.43	49.70	48.60	47.93	51.67	48.47
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	2.55	2.68	3.11	4.11	4.86	5.51	6.53	8.65	10.56	10.03	9.47	10.42	10.41
Finland	25.01	22.36	22.40	22.08	19.87	20.42	22.49	28.12	32.47	33.72	35.19	39.27	43.85	44.25	41.44	45.05	42.60
France	27.82	24.86	24.97	24.28	21.37	21.31	23.13	28.46	32.14	32.66	33.85	37.96	41.76	40.37	39.12	42.12	39.81
Germany	33.22	29.16	28.92	27.57	25.41	25.31	27.63	34.00	37.72	38.03	39.37	43.50	47.53	45.76	43.84	47.42	45.79
Greece	12.61	11.61	11.21	11.30	9.94	9.02	11.14	13.72	15.89	15.25	16.60	19.76	23.14	22.72	22.36	22.68	19.41
Hungary	3.11	3.05	3.09	3.09	2.96	3.37	4.18	5.19	6.17	6.71	6.85	8.66	9.77	8.62	8.39	9.17	8.95
Ireland	16.87	16.69	16.66	16.89	15.76	17.01	18.88	23.64	27.18	28.64	30.41	35.40	40.53	41.21	38.57	39.74	38.17
Israel	10.90	11.62	11.67	11.38	12.25	13.01	11.79	12.47	12.81	13.27	13.86	15.72	18.54	17.55	19.22	21.14	20.14
Italy	21.00	19.76	19.20	18.73	16.64	16.83	18.61	23.42	27.11	27.71	28.53	31.82	35.11	34.32	33.57	36.15	34.18
Japan	23.67	21.99	20.59	23.59	25.02	22.43	21.48	23.41	25.27	25.25	24.03	23.72	27.48	30.03	31.75	35.71	35.34
Korea, Republic of	9.54	9.22	6.62	8.59	9.62	9.00	10.25	11.33	12.63	14.83	17.37	19.43	16.85	15.06	17.89	19.25	20.72
Mexico	3.05	3.47	3.57	4.02	4.70	5.41	5.59	5.31	5.26	5.61	5.88	6.17	6.47	5.70	6.14	6.49	6.36
Netherlands	NA	22.45	23.25	23.28	21.04	21.59	23.73	29.66	33.01	33.29	34.37	38.30	43.09	41.39	39.54	42.26	39.62
New Zealand	12.11	12.06	10.03	10.14	9.00	8.53	9.77	12.62	14.78	16.26	15.75	18.84	19.15	17.47	20.42	23.38	24.77
Norway	NA	25.83	26.07	26.56	24.50	25.35	30.28	35.59	39.34	42.04	44.57	52.14	57.35	53.39	57.66	64.76	63.36
Philippines	1.36	1.28	0.98	1.06	1.00	0.98	1.02	1.03	1.10	1.20	1.35	1.60	1.75	1.71	1.89	2.02	2.10
Poland	NA	3.15	3.46	3.40	3.41	3.91	4.07	4.40	4.79	5.60	6.18	7.63	9.60	7.72	8.16	8.68	8.25
Portugal	7.13	6.46	6.68	6.61	5.94	6.06	6.70	8.19	9.24	9.54	9.96	11.21	12.61	12.34	11.94	13.15	12.10
Singapore	11.93	12.15	11.47	11.01	11.71	12.20	12.14	12.74	13.20	13.25	13.77	15.71	18.87	17.54	19.42	23.13	24.16
Slovakia	2.73	2.84	2.89	2.59	2.60	2.69	3.24	4.38	5.20	5.82	6.56	8.53	10.72	11.24	10.72	11.77	11.30
Spain	15.48	13.95	14.15	13.91	12.40	12.49	13.85	17.42	19.82	20.74	21.80	24.79	27.75	27.86	26.66	28.44	26.83
Sweden	27.15	25.02	25.20	24.82	23.40	21.91	24.58	31.01	34.72	35.39	36.55	42.61	44.45	40.92	43.51	49.21	49.80
Switzerland	35.52	30.42	30.98	29.60	26.92	28.09	31.10	36.79	39.41	40.10	40.91	43.53	49.23	50.54	51.10	60.40	57.79
Taiwan	7.10	7.04	6.34	6.79	7.30	7.16	6.83	6.97	7.28	7.93	8.05	8.18	8.68	7.77	8.37	9.34	9.46
United Kingdom	17.78	19.31	20.68	21.29	20.67	20.69	22.09	25.15	28.50	29.72	31.23	35.23	34.20	29.47	29.11	30.77	31.23
Trade-Weighted Measures
All Foreign Countries (1)	NA	15.89	15.49	15.79	# 15.65	15.42	16.05	18.65	20.66	21.76	22.81	25.00	26.77	25.52	26.98	29.26	28.89
OECD (1)	NA	16.75	16.36	16.76	# 16.57	16.32	17.08	19.92	22.10	23.26	24.36	26.69	28.49	27.18	28.66	30.97	30.53
Europe (1)	NA	23.35	23.64	23.21	# 21.28	21.44	23.44	28.62	32.10	32.87	34.15	38.23	41.69	40.00	38.90	42.11	40.57
Euro Area (1)	NA	24.23	24.25	23.61	# 21.38	21.53	23.53	29.20	32.86	33.48	34.75	38.86	43.16	42.00	40.30	43.25	41.27
Eastern Europe (1)	NA	3.12	3.34	3.27	# 3.18	3.56	4.11	4.89	5.61	6.31	6.89	8.57	10.45	9.30	9.33	10.18	9.73
East Asia ex-Japan	NA	8.65	7.19	8.04	# 8.77	8.57	8.99	9.61	10.35	11.47	12.68	14.02	13.80	12.50	14.28	15.95	16.83
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	90	92	94	96	100	105	110	114	117	121	122	128	131	137	139	142	143
Argentina	91	93	98	99	100	101	113	130	162	196	248	305	387	465	610	805	1050
Australia	87	90	96	99	100	103	113	123	128	132	137	141	149	149	152	159	163
Austria	91	93	95	98	100	102	104	105	105	109	113	117	122	129	127	130	136
Belgium	89	91	93	95	100	102	104	109	113	116	119	122	129	132	135	139	143
Brazil	90	96	98	96	100	107	113	125	140	153	164	174	194	204	221	245	275
Canada	93	94	97	97	100	101	104	108	113	117	119	123	126	123	130	132	134
Czech Republic	70	78	87	92	100	109	115	121	129	133	141	152	159	166	166	172	178
Denmark	NA	87	90	97	100	107	112	116	119	124	126	134	141	145	150	154	156
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	100	108	119	131	141	160	188	228	261	261	258	270	292
Finland	90	91	94	96	100	106	111	115	121	126	130	133	138	148	145	150	154
France	94	96	97	98	100	103	106	109	112	113	116	120	122	125	127	131	134
Germany	93	94	95	94	100	103	106	109	110	111	114	115	117	119	120	124	129
Greece	84	87	91	95	100	95	110	114	120	115	124	135	147	153	158	153	142
Hungary	57	68	79	88	100	116	129	139	150	160	173	191	202	209	209	221	241
Ireland	78	82	87	93	100	111	117	122	128	135	142	151	161	173	170	167	174
Israel	70	80	89	94	100	110	112	114	115	119	124	129	133	138	144	151	155
Italy	93	96	96	98	100	104	109	115	121	123	126	129	132	137	140	144	147
Japan	95	99	100	99	100	101	100	101	101	103	104	104	105	104	103	106	105
Korea, Republic of	71	81	85	94	100	107	118	124	133	140	152	166	170	176	190	196	214
Mexico	52	62	74	86	100	114	122	129	134	138	144	152	162	173	175	182	189
Netherlands	NA	87	92	96	100	106	110	115	116	117	120	123	128	130	131	133	135
New Zealand	89	92	95	97	100	103	107	110	113	117	123	130	136	140	144	150	155
Norway	NA	85	91	96	100	106	112	117	123	125	132	141	150	156	161	168	171
Philippines	80	85	90	94	100	112	119	125	138	149	156	166	175	184	192	198	200
Poland	NA	70	81	91	100	108	112	116	118	122	129	143	156	163	166	174	181
Portugal	85	88	93	96	100	105	110	113	116	119	123	127	133	138	140	147	146
Singapore	83	89	95	92	100	108	108	110	110	109	108	117	132	126	131	144	149
Slovakia	70	80	85	90	100	109	123	135	140	151	163	176	192	203	204	213	222
Spain	88	91	95	97	100	104	109	115	119	124	129	135	140	149	150	152	155
Sweden	85	89	93	96	100	106	111	117	119	123	126	134	136	146	146	149	157
Switzerland	96	97	99	98	100	104	106	109	108	110	113	115	117	121	117	118	119
Taiwan	85	89	93	96	100	106	103	105	106	112	115	118	120	112	115	120	122
United Kingdom	84	86	92	97	100	105	108	113	114	120	124	129	135	138	138	141	144
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	17.73	18.20	18.62	19.14	19.87	20.68	21.54	22.27	22.78	23.40	23.62	24.37	25.09	25.96	26.26	26.86	27.15
Argentina	5.95	6.13	6.51	6.67	6.78	6.91	2.48	3.02	3.73	4.55	5.48	6.64	8.29	8.45	10.55	13.20	15.58
Australia	15.77	15.47	13.98	14.72	13.37	12.10	13.82	17.86	21.02	22.47	23.10	26.51	28.52	26.63	31.75	37.29	38.29
Austria	20.53	18.17	18.37	18.13	16.06	16.06	17.37	21.16	23.34	24.20	25.10	28.41	31.87	31.69	29.73	32.14	30.88
Belgium	22.58	19.95	20.20	19.83	17.65	17.84	19.24	24.35	27.83	28.37	29.20	32.43	36.57	35.50	34.40	37.12	35.40
Brazil	4.69	4.70	4.45	2.83	2.94	2.44	2.08	2.17	2.59	3.37	4.05	4.82	5.70	5.52	6.81	7.85	7.53
Canada	15.72	15.65	15.09	15.21	15.67	15.07	15.04	17.39	19.38	21.42	23.10	25.39	25.92	23.53	27.48	29.07	29.30
Czech Republic	2.50	2.39	2.61	2.57	2.48	2.73	3.35	4.10	4.76	5.36	5.98	7.19	8.97	8.30	8.34	9.33	8.77
Denmark	NA	22.95	23.40	23.55	21.03	21.36	23.28	28.75	32.20	33.17	34.39	39.83	44.63	43.84	43.31	46.70	43.80
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.90	2.00	2.30	3.05	3.61	4.10	4.87	6.45	7.81	7.32	6.98	7.71	7.69
Finland	19.21	17.30	17.46	17.34	15.72	16.13	17.74	22.15	25.54	26.44	27.51	30.61	34.07	34.38	32.20	35.00	33.10
France	19.41	17.33	17.38	16.87	14.83	14.75	15.96	19.58	22.04	22.52	23.46	26.45	29.25	28.28	27.41	29.51	27.89
Germany	25.37	22.32	22.23	21.35	19.62	19.60	21.36	26.28	28.99	29.53	30.34	34.11	37.38	35.82	34.25	37.17	36.07
Greece	9.66	8.91	8.63	8.72	7.69	7.00	8.66	10.70	12.44	11.88	12.88	15.26	17.80	17.47	17.19	17.44	14.93
Hungary	2.06	2.04	2.09	2.12	2.06	2.36	2.96	3.70	4.43	4.84	5.02	6.33	7.14	6.39	6.39	7.01	6.84
Ireland	14.61	14.51	14.52	14.75	13.80	14.79	16.45	20.45	23.38	24.48	25.84	29.89	34.01	33.65	32.18	33.47	31.50
Israel	9.22	9.80	9.83	9.67	10.38	11.02	9.90	10.50	10.85	11.12	11.61	13.09	15.78	14.82	16.03	17.40	16.67
Italy	13.95	13.13	13.21	12.89	11.38	11.53	12.81	16.12	18.66	19.19	20.02	22.47	24.95	24.39	23.85	25.69	24.29
Japan	20.08	18.57	17.30	19.74	20.86	18.62	17.79	19.34	20.82	20.75	19.73	19.46	22.53	24.61	26.01	29.25	28.94
Korea, Republic of	7.87	7.08	4.85	6.05	7.01	6.65	7.77	8.87	10.16	12.26	14.29	15.84	13.64	12.10	14.26	15.24	16.27
Mexico	1.98	2.28	2.37	2.70	3.16	3.61	3.77	3.61	3.61	3.89	4.06	4.28	4.47	3.93	4.30	4.54	4.45
Netherlands	NA	17.28	18.05	18.21	16.60	16.87	18.53	22.95	25.61	25.99	27.03	30.32	33.92	32.58	31.15	33.29	31.06
New Zealand	11.68	11.64	9.69	9.81	8.71	8.27	9.48	12.24	14.31	15.74	15.23	18.19	18.51	16.82	19.66	22.39	23.72
Norway	NA	21.95	22.15	22.57	20.81	21.35	25.29	29.48	32.30	34.53	36.60	42.82	47.10	43.85	47.35	53.18	52.03
Philippines	1.22	1.16	0.89	0.96	0.91	0.89	0.93	0.94	1.00	1.09	1.23	1.46	1.60	1.57	1.73	1.85	1.92
Poland	NA	2.20	2.41	2.90	2.88	3.31	3.43	3.70	4.03	4.74	5.25	6.52	8.24	6.63	7.13	7.58	7.21
Portugal	5.61	5.11	5.31	5.28	4.77	4.86	5.37	6.55	7.37	7.62	7.97	8.99	10.13	9.91	9.59	10.56	9.72
Singapore	9.28	9.50	9.11	9.38	9.90	10.23	10.19	10.70	11.20	11.36	11.76	13.37	15.95	14.72	16.28	19.31	20.13
Slovakia	1.88	1.96	2.01	1.83	1.83	1.93	2.31	3.08	3.78	4.24	4.75	6.16	7.73	8.02	7.77	8.58	8.23
Spain	11.55	10.42	10.58	10.42	9.30	9.36	10.36	13.00	14.75	15.41	16.17	18.31	20.62	20.46	19.70	21.22	19.89
Sweden	18.92	17.36	17.45	17.10	16.01	14.90	16.70	20.78	23.22	23.63	24.73	28.24	30.10	27.34	29.14	33.00	33.20
Switzerland	30.06	25.75	26.22	25.04	22.78	23.74	26.26	31.09	33.33	33.90	34.57	36.80	41.62	42.77	43.28	51.16	48.95
Taiwan	6.12	6.10	5.48	5.87	6.26	6.16	5.94	6.11	6.39	6.90	6.96	7.02	7.40	6.61	7.13	8.00	8.08
United Kingdom	14.54	15.92	17.17	17.56	17.09	17.31	18.70	21.38	24.44	25.44	26.69	30.05	29.13	25.09	24.79	26.04	26.37
Trade-Weighted Measures
All Foreign Countries (1)	NA	12.66	12.36	12.63	# 12.54	12.30	12.74	14.76	16.34	17.24	18.01	19.79	21.14	20.05	21.24	23.04	22.76
OECD (1)	NA	13.36	13.06	13.39	# 13.25	12.99	13.53	15.74	17.45	18.39	19.20	21.10	22.47	21.34	22.54	24.37	24.03
Europe (1)	NA	17.88	18.20	17.91	# 16.41	16.60	18.17	22.12	24.79	25.46	26.43	29.71	32.37	30.92	30.12	32.64	31.43
Euro Area (1)	NA	18.02	18.14	17.74	# 16.04	16.19	17.70	21.92	24.60	25.17	26.09	29.39	32.66	31.64	30.39	32.68	31.16
Eastern Europe (1)	NA	2.19	2.35	2.52	# 2.44	2.74	3.14	3.71	4.27	4.84	5.31	6.61	8.09	7.15	7.30	7.98	7.63
East Asia ex-Japan	NA	6.89	5.68	6.35	# 6.98	6.87	7.27	7.88	8.62	9.68	10.64	11.67	11.45	10.30	11.71	13.04	13.68
Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	15.74	16.22	16.63	17.15	17.77	18.44	19.16	19.77	20.25	20.73	20.91	21.50	22.16	23.04	23.31	23.69	23.93
Argentina	5.04	5.19	5.49	5.59	5.71	5.81	2.06	2.51	3.09	3.78	4.55	5.51	6.88	7.02	8.76	10.96	12.94
Australia	13.89	13.63	12.32	12.97	11.78	10.66	12.18	15.74	18.52	19.80	20.35	23.36	25.13	23.47	27.97	32.85	33.73
Austria	14.65	12.99	13.15	13.00	11.53	11.53	12.47	15.19	16.75	17.33	17.93	20.26	22.67	22.54	21.14	22.86	21.96
Belgium	16.10	14.22	14.40	14.13	12.58	12.72	13.71	17.36	19.84	20.15	20.66	22.86	25.68	24.93	24.16	26.07	24.86
Brazil	3.71	3.71	3.52	2.24	2.32	1.93	1.65	1.71	2.05	2.67	3.20	3.81	4.51	4.36	5.38	6.20	5.95
Canada	13.78	13.71	13.23	13.33	13.73	13.21	13.18	15.24	16.98	18.77	20.25	22.25	22.71	20.62	24.09	25.48	25.68
Czech Republic	2.04	1.96	2.14	2.10	2.03	2.21	2.74	3.35	3.90	4.40	4.92	5.89	7.39	6.76	6.83	7.69	7.23
Denmark	NA	19.79	20.18	20.14	18.00	18.23	19.86	24.49	27.46	28.17	29.11	33.62	37.52	37.04	36.26	39.15	36.54
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.68	1.76	2.04	2.69	3.18	3.60	4.28	5.66	6.83	6.36	6.10	6.73	6.75
Finland	15.05	13.59	13.74	13.68	12.42	12.57	13.62	16.76	19.03	19.78	20.65	23.06	25.77	26.00	24.35	26.47	25.03
France	14.64	13.10	13.17	12.82	11.30	11.20	12.09	14.80	16.62	16.87	17.47	19.57	21.52	20.80	20.16	21.70	20.51
Germany	18.90	16.65	16.74	16.16	14.68	14.50	15.77	19.39	21.77	22.09	22.47	25.05	27.47	26.55	25.80	27.70	26.45
Greece	7.37	6.77	6.53	6.57	5.77	5.24	6.47	7.97	9.24	8.87	9.65	11.49	13.46	13.22	13.00	13.19	11.29
Hungary	1.62	1.59	1.62	1.62	1.56	1.79	2.23	2.79	3.34	3.63	3.75	4.71	5.29	4.74	4.74	5.20	5.08
Ireland	12.48	12.31	12.23	12.34	11.46	12.40	13.91	17.44	20.11	20.83	21.75	24.89	28.03	27.69	26.43	27.43	25.78
Israel	8.40	8.93	8.95	8.86	9.53	10.03	9.03	9.59	9.90	10.16	10.60	12.01	14.31	13.41	14.67	15.95	15.22
Italy	10.66	10.03	10.12	9.90	8.75	8.92	9.98	12.63	14.71	15.16	15.85	17.82	19.83	19.39	18.96	20.42	19.31
Japan	13.28	12.26	11.54	13.40	14.13	12.67	12.31	13.36	14.32	14.18	13.44	13.30	15.38	17.21	18.17	20.19	20.11
Korea, Republic of	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mexico	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Netherlands	NA	12.94	13.56	13.72	12.54	12.73	13.96	17.26	19.23	19.38	20.00	22.28	24.74	23.77	22.72	24.29	22.66
New Zealand	10.34	10.30	8.57	8.68	7.71	7.31	8.37	10.80	12.67	13.93	13.42	15.88	16.11	14.74	17.29	19.70	20.87
Norway	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Philippines	1.01	0.95	0.73	0.78	0.74	0.71	0.74	0.75	0.80	0.88	0.99	1.18	1.30	1.27	1.40	1.50	1.56
Poland	NA	1.44	1.61	1.97	2.00	2.30	2.40	2.60	2.84	3.34	3.71	4.60	5.81	4.68	5.03	5.35	5.09
Portugal	4.32	3.90	4.01	3.95	3.53	3.64	4.08	5.04	5.75	5.91	6.14	6.88	7.70	7.54	7.29	8.03	7.39
Singapore	7.36	7.56	7.34	7.50	7.91	8.17	8.13	8.53	8.91	9.01	9.26	10.45	12.54	11.65	12.68	15.00	15.71
Slovakia	1.36	1.41	1.41	1.30	1.28	1.35	1.66	2.25	2.73	3.06	3.43	4.44	5.60	5.85	5.78	6.38	6.12
Spain	8.65	7.79	7.90	7.76	6.92	6.93	7.65	9.56	10.81	11.31	11.89	13.48	15.21	15.09	14.53	15.65	14.67
Sweden	16.24	14.88	14.93	14.60	13.66	12.68	14.17	17.59	19.62	19.96	20.88	23.85	25.42	23.09	24.61	27.87	28.03
Switzerland	23.71	20.31	20.68	19.75	17.97	18.58	20.39	24.26	26.15	26.26	26.43	28.09	31.73	32.99	33.77	39.92	38.19
Taiwan	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
United Kingdom	11.89	12.97	13.95	14.21	13.78	14.17	15.53	18.03	20.91	21.69	22.68	25.46	24.59	21.19	20.93	21.98	22.27
Note: Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	1.99	1.98	1.99	1.99	2.10	2.24	2.38	2.51	2.52	2.67	2.71	2.87	2.93	2.92	2.95	3.17	3.22
Argentina	0.92	0.94	1.02	1.08	1.08	1.10	0.42	0.51	0.63	0.77	0.93	1.12	1.40	1.43	1.79	2.24	2.64
Australia	1.88	1.84	1.66	1.75	1.59	1.44	1.64	2.12	2.50	2.67	2.75	3.15	3.39	3.17	3.78	4.44	4.55
Austria	5.88	5.18	5.22	5.13	4.53	4.53	4.90	5.97	6.59	6.87	7.17	8.16	9.20	9.15	8.58	9.28	8.91
Belgium	6.49	5.73	5.80	5.70	5.07	5.12	5.52	6.99	7.99	8.22	8.54	9.57	10.89	10.57	10.24	11.05	10.54
Brazil	0.98	0.98	0.93	0.59	0.61	0.51	0.44	0.45	0.54	0.71	0.85	1.01	1.19	1.16	1.43	1.64	1.58
Canada	1.94	1.93	1.87	1.88	1.94	1.86	1.86	2.15	2.39	2.65	2.86	3.14	3.20	2.91	3.40	3.59	3.62
Czech Republic	0.46	0.44	0.48	0.47	0.44	0.52	0.61	0.75	0.86	0.96	1.06	1.29	1.58	1.54	1.50	1.64	1.54
Denmark	NA	3.16	3.22	3.42	3.03	3.13	3.43	4.25	4.74	5.00	5.28	6.21	7.11	6.80	7.05	7.54	7.26
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.22	0.24	0.27	0.36	0.43	0.50	0.58	0.79	0.98	0.96	0.88	0.98	0.94
Finland	4.16	3.71	3.72	3.66	3.29	3.56	4.12	5.39	6.51	6.66	6.86	7.54	8.30	8.38	7.85	8.53	8.07
France	4.77	4.23	4.21	4.05	3.54	3.54	3.87	4.78	5.43	5.65	5.99	6.87	7.74	7.48	7.25	7.80	7.38
Germany	6.47	5.67	5.49	5.19	4.94	5.09	5.59	6.89	7.22	7.44	7.88	9.06	9.91	9.27	8.45	9.48	9.62
Greece	2.29	2.14	2.10	2.15	1.92	1.76	2.19	2.73	3.20	3.01	3.22	3.77	4.34	4.26	4.19	4.25	3.64
Hungary	0.44	0.45	0.47	0.50	0.50	0.57	0.72	0.91	1.09	1.21	1.27	1.62	1.84	1.65	1.65	1.81	1.77
Ireland	2.13	2.20	2.29	2.41	2.33	2.39	2.54	3.01	3.27	3.65	4.09	5.00	5.98	5.96	5.75	6.04	5.71
Israel	0.82	0.87	0.87	0.81	0.85	0.99	0.87	0.91	0.95	0.96	1.01	1.08	1.47	1.41	1.36	1.45	1.45
Italy	3.29	3.09	3.09	3.00	2.62	2.60	2.83	3.49	3.96	4.04	4.18	4.65	5.12	5.00	4.89	5.27	4.98
Japan	6.80	6.31	5.76	6.34	6.72	5.96	5.48	5.98	6.50	6.57	6.29	6.16	7.15	7.39	7.84	9.06	8.83
Korea, Republic of	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mexico	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Netherlands	NA	4.34	4.49	4.49	4.06	4.14	4.57	5.69	6.38	6.62	7.02	8.04	9.17	8.81	8.42	9.01	8.40
New Zealand	1.34	1.34	1.11	1.13	1.01	0.96	1.11	1.43	1.63	1.81	1.81	2.32	2.40	2.08	2.37	2.69	2.85
Norway	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Philippines	0.22	0.21	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.21	0.24	0.28	0.30	0.30	0.33	0.35	0.36
Poland	NA	0.76	0.80	0.93	0.88	1.00	1.03	1.10	1.19	1.40	1.55	1.92	2.43	1.95	2.10	2.23	2.12
Portugal	1.29	1.21	1.30	1.33	1.24	1.21	1.29	1.51	1.62	1.72	1.83	2.11	2.43	2.38	2.30	2.53	2.33
Singapore	1.92	1.94	1.78	1.89	1.99	2.06	2.06	2.17	2.29	2.34	2.50	2.92	3.41	3.07	3.61	4.30	4.42
Slovakia	0.52	0.54	0.60	0.53	0.55	0.58	0.64	0.83	1.05	1.18	1.32	1.73	2.13	2.17	1.99	2.20	2.11
Spain	2.89	2.63	2.68	2.66	2.38	2.42	2.71	3.44	3.94	4.10	4.28	4.83	5.41	5.37	5.17	5.57	5.22
Sweden	2.68	2.49	2.52	2.49	2.36	2.22	2.53	3.19	3.61	3.67	3.84	4.39	4.68	4.25	4.53	5.13	5.17
Switzerland	6.35	5.44	5.54	5.29	4.81	5.16	5.87	6.82	7.18	7.64	8.14	8.71	9.90	9.78	9.51	11.24	10.75
Taiwan	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
United Kingdom	2.65	2.95	3.23	3.35	3.31	3.14	3.17	3.36	3.53	3.74	4.00	4.59	4.53	3.91	3.86	4.05	4.11
Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	78.9	79.0	79.3	79.7	79.6	78.9	78.7	78.0	77.7	77.6	77.5	76.0	76.5	75.9	75.4	75.6	76.1
Argentina	80.1	81.2	81.3	82.5	83.1	83.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6
Australia	82.3	81.7	81.5	81.1	81.3	80.5	79.3	78.8	78.5	78.7	79.2	79.4	79.4	79.7	80.0	80.2	80.3
Austria	73.0	73.0	72.9	72.9	73.1	74.0	74.3	74.6	74.9	74.8	74.6	74.5	74.4	74.3	74.3	74.3	74.3
Belgium	69.0	69.0	68.9	69.0	67.5	69.2	69.3	69.5	69.6	69.2	68.7	68.3	67.9	67.9	67.8	67.8	67.8
Brazil	66.1	66.5	66.0	67.3	67.5	67.3	67.6	67.1	68.0	67.2	67.6	67.9	67.5	67.9	68.0	67.2	67.2
Canada	84.4	84.6	85.2	85.2	85.5	84.7	83.3	82.5	81.9	81.6	80.8	81.2	80.8	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.1
Czech Republic	73.9	73.8	73.7	73.6	72.9	72.9	72.7	72.6	72.4	73.4	73.3	73.3	73.4	72.7	73.0	73.4	73.4
Denmark	NA	96.8	96.8	94.4	94.7	92.9	91.5	90.7	90.3	89.5	90.0	89.6	89.8	90.2	90.4	90.4	90.4
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	74.4	74.8	74.1	74.2	74.3	74.4	74.5	74.6	74.0	73.0	73.6	74.0	73.9
Finland	76.8	77.4	77.9	78.5	79.1	79.0	78.9	78.8	78.7	78.4	78.2	77.9	77.7	77.7	77.7	77.7	77.7
France	69.8	69.7	69.6	69.5	69.4	69.2	69.0	68.8	68.6	68.9	69.3	69.7	70.1	70.1	70.1	70.1	70.1
Germany	76.4	76.5	76.9	77.4	77.2	77.4	77.3	77.3	76.9	77.6	77.1	78.4	78.6	78.3	78.1	78.4	78.8
Greece	76.6	76.8	76.9	77.1	77.3	77.5	77.8	78.0	78.3	77.9	77.6	77.2	76.9	76.9	76.9	76.9	76.9
Hungary	66.1	66.9	67.8	68.6	69.5	70.1	70.7	71.3	71.9	72.1	73.2	73.1	73.0	74.1	76.2	76.5	76.5
Ireland	86.6	87.0	87.2	87.4	87.5	86.9	87.1	86.5	86.0	85.5	84.9	84.4	83.9	81.7	83.4	84.2	82.5
Israel	84.6	84.3	84.2	84.9	84.7	84.7	84.0	84.2	84.7	83.8	83.8	83.2	85.1	84.5	83.4	82.3	82.8
Italy	66.4	66.4	68.8	68.8	68.4	68.5	68.8	68.8	68.8	69.3	70.2	70.6	71.1	71.1	71.1	71.1	71.1
Japan	84.9	84.4	84.0	83.7	83.4	83.0	82.8	82.6	82.4	82.2	82.1	82.1	82.0	82.0	81.9	81.9	81.9
Korea, Republic of	82.5	76.8	73.3	70.4	72.8	73.9	75.9	78.3	80.5	82.6	82.3	81.5	81.0	80.4	79.7	79.2	78.5
Mexico	65.1	65.8	66.3	67.2	67.3	66.6	67.5	67.9	68.6	69.3	69.0	69.3	69.0	68.9	70.0	69.9	69.8
Netherlands	NA	77.0	77.6	78.2	78.9	78.1	78.1	77.4	77.6	78.1	78.6	79.1	78.7	78.7	78.8	78.8	78.4
New Zealand	96.4	96.5	96.6	96.7	96.8	96.9	97.0	97.0	96.8	96.8	96.7	96.6	96.7	96.3	96.3	95.8	95.8
Norway	NA	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	84.2	83.5	82.8	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Philippines	90.1	90.1	90.1	90.2	90.5	90.9	91.3	91.4	91.1	91.2	91.4	91.5	91.5	91.5	91.5	91.5	91.5
Poland	NA	70.0	69.6	85.3	84.7	84.5	84.3	84.0	84.2	84.6	85.0	85.5	85.9	85.9	87.4	87.4	87.4
Portugal	78.7	79.1	79.5	79.9	80.3	80.2	80.1	79.9	79.8	79.9	80.1	80.2	80.3	80.3	80.3	80.3	80.3
Singapore	77.8	78.2	79.5	85.2	84.5	83.9	83.9	84.0	84.9	85.8	85.4	85.1	84.5	83.9	83.8	83.5	83.3
Slovakia	68.9	68.9	69.6	70.8	70.6	71.9	71.1	70.3	72.6	72.8	72.4	72.3	72.1	71.4	72.5	72.9	72.9
Spain	74.6	74.7	74.8	74.9	75.0	74.9	74.8	74.6	74.4	74.3	74.2	73.9	74.3	73.4	73.9	74.6	74.1
Sweden	69.7	69.4	69.2	68.9	68.4	68.0	67.9	67.0	66.9	66.8	67.6	66.3	67.7	66.8	67.0	67.1	66.7
Switzerland	84.6	84.6	84.6	84.6	84.6	84.5	84.4	84.5	84.6	84.5	84.5	84.5	84.5	84.6	84.7	84.7	84.7
Taiwan	86.2	86.5	86.6	86.4	85.8	86.1	86.9	87.7	87.8	87.0	86.5	85.8	85.3	85.1	85.2	85.6	85.5
United Kingdom	81.8	82.4	83.0	82.5	82.7	83.7	84.6	85.0	85.7	85.6	85.4	85.3	85.2	85.2	85.2	84.6	84.4
Trade-Weighted Measures
All Foreign Countries (1)	NA	77.7	77.9	78.2	# 78.2	78.0	77.9	77.9	78.0	78.1	77.9	78.0	77.9	77.5	77.7	77.7	77.6
OECD (1)	NA	77.6	77.7	77.9	# 78.0	77.7	77.6	77.5	77.6	77.8	77.5	77.7	77.6	77.2	77.4	77.4	77.3
Europe (1)	NA	76.7	77.1	77.3	# 77.2	77.4	77.5	77.4	77.4	77.5	77.5	77.8	77.8	77.6	77.7	77.8	77.6
Euro Area (1)	NA	74.7	75.1	75.4	# 75.2	75.3	75.3	75.1	75.0	75.3	75.2	75.7	75.7	75.3	75.5	75.7	75.5
Eastern Europe (1)	NA	70.1	70.2	76.6	# 76.3	76.5	76.4	76.4	76.7	77.2	77.5	77.6	77.8	77.7	79.0	79.2	79.2
East Asia ex-Japan	NA	80.9	79.8	79.8	# 80.5	80.9	82.0	83.2	84.3	85.2	84.9	84.3	83.8	83.4	83.1	82.9	82.6
Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions, industrial classifications, and trade-weighted measures, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	8.9	8.6	8.5	8.3	8.4	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.6	8.9	8.9	8.9	8.9	8.6	8.5	8.9	9.0
Argentina	12.3	12.5	12.7	13.4	13.2	13.3	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0
Australia	9.8	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.6	9.4	9.4	9.3	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.6
Austria	20.9	20.8	20.7	20.7	20.6	20.9	21.0	21.0	21.1	21.2	21.3	21.4	21.5	21.5	21.5	21.5	21.5
Belgium	19.8	19.8	19.8	19.8	19.4	19.9	19.9	20.0	20.0	20.1	20.1	20.2	20.2	20.2	20.2	20.2	20.2
Brazil	13.8	13.9	13.8	14.1	14.1	14.1	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.2	14.1	14.1
Canada	10.4	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.5	10.3	10.2	10.1	10.1	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9
Czech Republic	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.0	14.0	13.3	13.3	13.1	13.1	13.0	13.2	13.0	13.5	13.2	12.9	12.9
Denmark	NA	13.3	13.3	13.7	13.7	13.6	13.5	13.4	13.3	13.5	13.8	14.0	14.3	14.0	14.7	14.6	15.0
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	8.6	9.1	8.5	8.7	8.9	9.0	8.9	9.1	9.3	9.5	9.3	9.4	9.1
Finland	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	17.5	18.3	19.2	20.0	19.8	19.5	19.2	18.9	18.9	18.9	18.9	18.9
France	17.2	17.0	16.9	16.7	16.5	16.6	16.7	16.8	16.9	17.3	17.7	18.1	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5
Germany	19.5	19.5	19.0	18.8	19.5	20.1	20.2	20.3	19.1	19.6	20.0	20.8	20.8	20.3	19.3	20.0	21.0
Greece	18.2	18.4	18.7	19.0	19.3	19.5	19.7	19.9	20.1	19.8	19.4	19.1	18.7	18.7	18.7	18.7	18.7
Hungary	14.0	14.7	15.4	16.1	16.8	17.1	17.3	17.5	17.7	18.0	18.5	18.7	18.9	19.1	19.7	19.8	19.8
Ireland	12.6	13.2	13.7	14.3	14.8	14.1	13.5	12.7	12.0	12.7	13.4	14.1	14.8	14.5	14.9	15.2	15.0
Israel	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.1	6.9	7.6	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.2	7.3	6.9	7.9	8.0	7.1	6.8	7.2
Italy	15.7	15.7	16.1	16.0	15.8	15.5	15.2	14.9	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6
Japan	28.7	28.7	28.0	26.9	26.9	26.6	25.5	25.5	25.7	26.0	26.2	26.0	26.0	24.6	24.7	25.4	25.0
Korea, Republic of	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mexico	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Netherlands	NA	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.2	19.3	19.2	19.3	19.9	20.4	21.0	21.3	21.3	21.3	21.3	21.2
New Zealand	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.4	11.1	11.1	11.5	12.3	12.5	11.9	11.6	11.5	11.5
Norway	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Philippines	16.1	16.1	16.1	16.6	17.1	17.7	18.3	18.1	17.8	17.7	17.5	17.3	17.3	17.3	17.3	17.3	17.3
Poland	NA	24.3	23.2	27.2	25.9	25.6	25.3	25.0	24.8	25.0	25.1	25.2	25.3	25.3	25.7	25.7	25.7
Portugal	18.1	18.8	19.5	20.2	20.9	20.1	19.2	18.4	17.6	18.0	18.4	18.8	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3	19.3
Singapore	16.1	16.0	15.5	17.1	17.0	16.9	17.0	17.0	17.4	17.7	18.2	18.6	18.1	17.5	18.6	18.6	18.3
Slovakia	19.1	19.1	20.8	20.6	21.3	21.8	19.9	19.0	20.2	20.3	20.2	20.2	19.9	19.3	18.6	18.7	18.7
Spain	18.7	18.8	19.0	19.1	19.2	19.4	19.6	19.8	19.9	19.8	19.6	19.5	19.5	19.3	19.4	19.6	19.4
Sweden	9.9	9.9	10.0	10.0	10.1	10.2	10.3	10.3	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.3	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4
Switzerland	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	18.4	18.9	18.5	18.2	19.1	19.9	20.0	20.1	19.4	18.6	18.6	18.6
Taiwan	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
United Kingdom	14.9	15.3	15.6	15.7	16.0	15.2	14.3	13.3	12.4	12.6	12.8	13.0	13.3	13.3	13.3	13.2	13.1
Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Argentina	0.9997	0.9995	0.9995	0.9995	0.9995	0.9995	3.0633	2.9006	2.9233	2.9037	3.0543	3.0956	3.1442	3.7101	3.8963	4.1101	4.5369
Australia	1.2775	1.3446	1.5896	1.5494	1.7197	1.9346	1.8392	1.5328	1.3578	1.3111	1.3271	1.1918	1.1714	1.2615	1.0870	0.9679	0.9653
Austria	10.5890	12.2060	12.3790	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Belgium	30.9700	35.8100	36.3100	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Brazil	1.0051	1.0779	1.1605	1.8207	1.8301	2.3527	2.9213	3.0750	2.9262	2.4352	2.1738	1.9461	1.8326	1.9976	1.7600	1.6723	1.9535
Canada	1.3638	1.3849	1.4836	1.4858	1.4855	1.5487	1.5704	1.4008	1.3017	1.2115	1.1340	1.0734	1.0660	1.1412	1.0298	0.9887	0.9995
Czech Republic	27.1450	31.6980	32.2810	34.5690	38.5980	38.0350	32.7390	28.2090	25.7000	23.9574	22.5956	20.2937	17.0717	19.0630	19.0983	17.6959	19.5775
Denmark	5.8003	6.6092	6.7030	6.9900	8.0953	8.3323	7.8862	6.5774	5.9891	5.9953	5.9422	5.4413	5.0885	5.3574	5.6265	5.3535	5.7922
Estonia	-	-	-	-	16.9690	17.4780	16.6120	13.8560	12.5960	12.5838	12.4655	11.4339	10.6944	11.2574	11.8068	0.7178	0.7777
Finland	4.5936	5.1914	5.3441	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
France	5.1158	5.8393	5.8995	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Germany	1.5049	1.7348	1.7597	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Greece	240.7000	273.1000	295.5000	306.7000	365.4000	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Hungary	152.6470	186.7890	214.4020	237.1460	282.1790	286.4900	257.8870	224.3070	202.7500	199.5825	210.3900	183.6258	172.1133	202.3417	207.9442	201.0550	225.1042
Ireland	0.6248	0.6588	0.7014	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Israel	3.1920	3.4490	3.8000	4.1400	4.0770	4.2060	4.7380	4.5540	4.4820	4.4877	4.4558	4.1081	3.5880	3.9323	3.7390	3.5781	3.8559
Italy	1542.7600	1703.8100	1736.8500	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Japan	108.7800	121.0581	130.9892	113.7342	107.8040	121.5680	125.2204	115.9387	108.1508	110.1069	116.3121	117.7623	103.3906	93.6827	87.7817	79.6967	79.8180
Korea, Republic of	804.9968	953.1904	1400.4036	1189.8361	1130.8975	1292.0149	1250.3140	1192.0817	1145.2364	1023.7492	954.3210	928.9717	1098.7061	1274.6252	1155.7389	1106.9400	1126.1621
Mexico	7.6004	7.9177	9.1521	9.5533	9.4586	9.3366	9.6633	10.7925	11.2897	10.8938	10.9056	10.9281	11.1425	13.4979	12.6237	12.4270	13.1539
Netherlands	1.6863	1.9525	1.9837	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
New Zealand	1.4541	1.5094	1.8653	1.8896	2.1891	2.3798	2.1529	1.7176	1.5053	1.4186	1.5404	1.3578	1.3984	1.5728	1.3858	1.2626	1.2338
Norway	6.4594	7.0857	7.5521	7.8071	8.8131	8.9964	7.9839	7.0803	6.7399	6.4412	6.4095	5.8557	5.6365	6.2908	6.0451	5.6022	5.8181
Philippines	26.1260	29.4710	40.8930	39.0890	44.1920	50.9930	51.6040	54.2030	56.0400	55.0855	51.3143	46.1484	44.3233	47.6797	45.1097	43.3131	42.2288
Poland	-	3.2800	3.4800	3.9700	4.3500	4.0939	4.0800	3.8891	3.6576	3.2355	3.1032	2.7679	2.4092	3.1201	3.0153	2.9628	3.2565
Portugal	154.2800	175.4400	180.2500	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Singapore	1.4100	1.4857	1.6722	1.6951	1.7250	1.7930	1.7908	1.7429	1.6902	1.6639	1.5882	1.5065	1.4140	1.4543	1.3629	1.2565	1.2492
Slovakia	30.6540	33.6160	35.2330	41.3630	46.0350	48.3550	45.3270	36.7730	32.2570	31.0183	29.6973	24.6943	21.3614	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Spain	126.6800	146.5300	149.4100	0.9387	1.0832	1.1171	1.0578	0.8833	0.8040	0.8033	0.7960	0.7293	0.6791	0.7176	0.7541	0.7178	0.7777
Sweden	6.7082	7.6447	7.9522	8.2740	9.1735	10.3425	9.7233	8.0787	7.3480	7.4710	7.3718	6.7550	6.5846	7.6539	7.2053	6.4878	6.7721
Switzerland	1.2361	1.4514	1.4506	1.5045	1.6904	1.6891	1.5567	1.3450	1.2428	1.2459	1.2532	1.1999	1.0816	1.0860	1.0432	0.8862	0.9377
Taiwan	27.4680	28.7751	33.5473	32.3222	31.2599	33.8243	34.5363	34.4047	33.3719	32.1312	32.5065	32.8547	31.5205	33.0200	31.4974	29.3822	29.5581
United Kingdom	0.6407	0.6106	0.6034	0.6184	0.6598	0.6946	0.6656	0.6117	0.5456	0.5493	0.5425	0.4995	0.5392	0.6385	0.6472	0.6233	0.6308
Note: National currency units are United States, dollar; Argentina, peso; Australia, dollar; Austria, schilling (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013 Belgium, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Estonia, kroon (1996-2010), euro (2011-2012); Finland, markka (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); France, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Germany, mark (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Greece, drachma (1996-2000), euro (2001-2012); Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Israel, new shekel; Italy, lira (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Japan, yen; Korea, Republic of, won; Mexico, peso; Netherlands, guilder (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); New Zealand, dollar; Norway, kroner; Philippines, peso; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Singapore, dollar; Slovakia, koruna (1996-2008), euro (2009-2012); Spain, peseta (1996-1998), euro (1999-2012); Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Taiwan, dollar; United Kingdom, pound. 'NA' means data not available.

Table 1.4 Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	22.47	23.04	23.49	24.02	24.96	26.22	27.36	28.57	29.31	30.14	30.48	32.07	32.78	34.19	34.81	35.51	35.67
Argentina	7.43	7.55	8.00	8.08	8.16	8.26	9.21	10.59	13.19	15.99	20.25	24.89	31.55	37.95	49.76	65.69	85.62
Australia	24.49	25.45	27.26	28.10	28.29	29.06	32.05	34.72	36.33	37.44	38.72	39.77	42.06	42.16	43.13	44.98	46.02
Austria	297.75	304.01	311.94	# 23.33	23.80	24.24	24.74	25.07	25.07	26.00	26.77	27.81	29.10	30.58	30.15	31.03	32.30
Belgium	1012.99	1035.53	1063.88	# 26.98	28.31	28.80	29.36	30.93	32.12	32.94	33.82	34.62	36.59	37.51	38.25	39.31	40.58
Brazil	7.14	7.62	7.83	7.66	7.96	8.54	9.01	9.92	11.17	12.21	13.01	13.82	15.46	16.24	17.62	19.52	21.89
Canada	25.40	25.61	26.30	26.51	27.23	27.58	28.35	29.53	30.81	31.82	32.41	33.57	34.18	33.56	35.39	35.93	36.58
Czech Republic	91.83	102.87	114.46	120.86	131.15	142.51	150.89	159.34	168.89	174.93	184.33	199.18	208.75	217.78	218.05	224.99	233.95
Denmark	NA	156.67	162.00	174.35	179.76	191.68	200.70	208.52	213.67	222.12	227.17	241.77	252.90	260.36	269.68	276.61	280.75
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	43.33	46.75	51.61	56.90	61.20	69.39	81.38	98.86	112.91	112.89	111.85	# 7.48	8.09
Finland	114.88	116.07	119.68	# 20.73	21.52	22.81	23.79	24.84	26.10	27.09	28.01	28.64	29.78	31.75	31.25	32.34	33.13
France	142.32	145.17	147.33	# 22.79	23.15	23.80	24.47	25.14	25.84	26.24	26.94	27.68	28.36	28.97	29.50	30.23	30.96
Germany	49.99	50.59	50.89	# 25.88	27.53	28.28	29.23	30.03	30.33	30.55	31.34	31.73	32.28	32.84	33.06	34.04	35.61
Greece	3035.82	3169.63	3313.04	3467.14	3633.20	# 10.08	11.78	12.12	12.78	12.25	13.22	14.41	15.71	16.31	16.86	16.28	15.10
Hungary	475.33	570.26	661.48	732.37	834.65	965.19	1079.06	1163.88	1250.99	1339.23	1441.81	1590.78	1682.02	1744.66	1745.28	1843.11	2014.20
Ireland	10.54	10.99	11.69	# 15.85	17.07	19.00	19.97	20.88	21.85	23.01	24.21	25.82	27.53	29.57	29.09	28.52	29.68
Israel	34.80	40.08	44.36	47.13	49.94	54.71	55.85	56.81	57.40	59.55	61.74	64.59	66.53	69.01	71.85	75.63	77.66
Italy	32395.51	33665.92	33350.10	# 17.58	18.03	18.81	19.69	20.69	21.80	22.26	22.71	23.20	23.84	24.63	25.31	25.95	26.58
Japan	2574.31	2661.95	2696.63	2682.89	2697.41	2727.04	2690.19	2714.45	2732.94	2780.60	2794.96	2793.10	2840.73	2812.92	2787.43	2846.02	2820.54
Korea, Republic of	7682.03	8786.38	9269.48	10221.16	10879.69	11622.44	12811.76	13501.28	14468.53	15182.83	16573.22	18054.50	18509.06	19192.54	20674.30	21305.97	23329.16
Mexico	23.14	27.49	32.71	38.40	44.41	50.53	54.03	57.29	59.34	61.15	64.09	67.43	72.13	76.93	77.52	80.66	83.72
Netherlands	NA	43.83	46.13	# 21.85	22.79	24.11	25.10	26.20	26.54	26.74	27.36	27.94	29.26	29.70	29.82	30.34	30.81
New Zealand	17.61	18.20	18.70	19.17	19.70	20.30	21.03	21.67	22.24	23.07	24.26	25.58	26.78	27.48	28.29	29.52	30.56
Norway	NA	183.03	196.90	207.39	215.90	228.04	241.73	252.01	265.14	270.82	285.68	305.31	323.25	335.87	348.57	362.77	368.62
Philippines	35.50	37.77	40.17	41.61	44.39	49.72	52.65	55.60	61.39	65.99	69.12	73.62	77.66	81.55	85.20	87.68	88.74
Poland	NA	10.33	12.04	13.50	14.81	16.02	16.63	17.13	17.52	18.11	19.17	21.12	23.12	24.09	24.61	25.72	26.87
Portugal	1099.25	1133.11	1203.40	# 6.20	6.43	6.76	7.09	7.23	7.43	7.66	7.93	8.18	8.56	8.86	9.00	9.44	9.41
Singapore	16.82	18.05	19.18	18.67	20.21	21.88	21.74	22.21	22.31	22.04	21.87	23.67	26.69	25.51	26.47	29.07	30.19
Slovakia	83.79	95.49	101.79	107.19	119.47	129.95	146.96	161.13	167.84	180.64	194.78	210.61	229.07	8.07	8.08	8.45	8.78
Spain	1960.69	2044.36	2113.50	# 13.06	13.44	13.95	14.65	15.39	15.94	16.66	17.35	18.08	18.84	19.99	20.11	20.41	20.87
Sweden	182.14	191.25	200.38	205.39	214.62	226.59	238.98	250.52	255.11	264.37	269.46	287.81	292.67	313.19	313.54	319.25	337.28
Switzerland	43.91	44.16	44.94	44.53	45.51	47.45	48.41	49.48	48.98	49.97	51.26	52.23	53.25	54.89	53.31	53.53	54.19
Taiwan	195.08	202.70	212.52	219.54	228.22	242.08	236.02	239.68	242.96	254.79	261.76	268.73	273.70	256.59	263.54	274.45	279.49
United Kingdom	11.39	11.79	12.48	13.16	13.64	14.37	14.70	15.39	15.55	16.33	16.94	17.60	18.44	18.82	18.84	19.18	19.70
Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Table 2.3 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	17.73	18.20	18.62	19.14	19.87	20.68	21.54	22.27	22.78	23.40	23.62	24.37	25.09	25.96	26.26	26.86	27.15
Argentina	5.95	6.13	6.51	6.66	6.78	6.91	7.61	8.75	10.89	13.20	16.73	20.55	26.06	31.34	41.09	54.25	70.71
Australia	20.15	20.79	22.22	22.80	22.99	23.41	25.42	27.38	28.53	29.46	30.66	31.59	33.41	33.60	34.51	36.09	36.96
Austria	217.34	221.83	227.45	# 17.02	17.40	17.94	18.37	18.69	18.76	19.44	19.98	20.72	21.64	22.74	22.42	23.07	24.01
Belgium	699.31	714.48	733.40	# 18.61	19.12	19.93	20.35	21.51	22.37	22.79	23.24	23.66	24.84	25.47	25.94	26.64	27.53
Brazil	4.72	5.06	5.17	5.15	5.37	5.75	6.09	6.66	7.59	8.21	8.80	9.38	10.44	11.02	11.99	13.12	14.71
Canada	21.44	21.67	22.39	22.60	23.27	23.34	23.62	24.36	25.22	25.95	26.20	27.25	27.63	26.85	28.30	28.74	29.28
Czech Republic	67.90	75.88	84.41	89.01	95.62	103.84	109.65	115.72	122.33	128.35	135.03	145.90	153.20	158.23	159.21	165.09	171.66
Denmark	NA	151.69	156.85	164.64	170.28	178.00	183.63	189.07	192.87	198.86	204.35	216.73	227.11	234.87	243.68	249.99	253.73
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	32.24	34.97	38.25	42.20	45.48	51.60	60.66	73.75	83.56	82.40	82.37	# 5.53	5.98
Finland	88.24	89.81	93.29	# 16.28	17.03	18.02	18.77	19.57	20.53	21.24	21.90	22.32	23.13	24.67	24.28	25.13	25.74
France	99.32	101.18	102.54	# 15.84	16.07	16.47	16.88	17.29	17.72	18.09	18.67	19.29	19.87	20.30	20.67	21.18	21.69
Germany	38.18	38.73	39.12	# 20.04	21.26	21.89	22.59	23.21	23.31	23.72	24.15	24.88	25.38	25.70	25.83	26.68	28.05
Greece	2325.15	2433.18	2549.08	2673.77	2808.27	# 7.82	9.16	9.45	10.00	9.54	10.25	11.13	12.08	12.54	12.97	12.52	11.61
Hungary	314.09	381.57	448.26	502.72	580.44	676.68	762.73	829.50	899.02	966.11	1055.16	1162.08	1228.65	1292.66	1329.15	1409.58	1540.43
Ireland	9.13	9.56	10.19	# 13.85	14.94	16.52	17.40	18.06	18.80	19.67	20.57	21.80	23.10	24.15	24.27	24.02	24.49
Israel	29.43	33.79	37.34	40.03	42.32	46.37	46.90	47.83	48.62	49.91	51.71	53.77	56.60	58.29	59.95	62.26	64.28
Italy	21523.83	22367.91	22952.23	# 12.10	12.32	12.87	13.55	14.24	15.00	15.42	15.94	16.39	16.94	17.50	17.99	18.44	18.89
Japan	2184.54	2247.96	2266.23	2245.53	2248.55	2264.10	2227.70	2241.96	2251.38	2284.71	2295.01	2292.00	2329.57	2305.26	2282.88	2330.87	2310.01
Korea, Republic of	6337.42	6750.37	6798.05	7195.16	7925.04	8585.92	9719.73	10568.26	11640.91	12548.57	13633.71	14714.47	14986.11	15428.48	16480.88	16864.61	18322.90
Mexico	15.07	18.09	21.68	25.82	29.89	33.66	36.46	38.91	40.72	42.36	44.24	46.75	49.77	53.02	54.24	56.38	58.47
Netherlands	NA	33.75	35.81	# 17.10	17.98	18.84	19.60	20.27	20.59	20.88	21.51	22.11	23.03	23.38	23.49	23.90	24.16
New Zealand	16.98	17.57	18.07	18.54	19.08	19.68	20.41	21.02	21.54	22.33	23.46	24.70	25.88	26.46	27.25	28.27	29.26
Norway	NA	155.50	167.29	176.20	183.43	192.09	201.89	208.70	217.71	222.39	234.59	250.72	265.46	275.82	286.25	297.91	302.72
Philippines	31.99	34.05	36.20	37.51	40.19	45.20	48.05	50.83	55.90	60.19	63.14	67.36	71.06	74.62	77.96	80.23	81.20
Poland	NA	7.23	8.38	11.51	12.55	13.53	14.01	14.39	14.75	15.33	16.31	18.05	19.85	20.69	21.50	22.47	23.48
Portugal	864.80	896.05	956.55	# 4.95	5.16	5.42	5.68	5.78	5.93	6.12	6.35	6.56	6.88	7.11	7.23	7.58	7.56
Singapore	13.08	14.12	15.24	15.91	17.08	18.35	18.24	18.65	18.93	18.90	18.68	20.15	22.56	21.40	22.19	24.26	25.15
Slovakia	57.73	65.79	70.86	75.88	84.39	93.39	104.54	113.28	121.85	131.49	141.09	152.22	165.05	5.76	5.86	6.16	6.40
Spain	1462.87	1527.13	1580.66	# 9.78	10.07	10.45	10.96	11.49	11.86	12.38	12.87	13.36	14.01	14.68	14.86	15.23	15.46
Sweden	126.93	132.73	138.76	141.45	146.89	154.13	162.36	167.89	170.66	176.56	182.29	190.76	198.23	209.26	210.00	214.10	224.82
Switzerland	37.16	37.37	38.03	37.68	38.51	40.10	40.87	41.81	41.42	42.24	43.32	44.15	45.02	46.45	45.15	45.34	45.90
Taiwan	168.24	175.43	183.99	189.64	195.84	208.31	204.99	210.14	213.31	221.71	226.34	230.48	233.38	218.36	224.44	234.93	238.97
United Kingdom	9.32	9.72	10.36	10.86	11.27	12.03	12.44	13.08	13.33	13.97	14.48	15.01	15.71	16.02	16.04	16.23	16.64
Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages and salaries) and directly-paid benefits. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. (1) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Table 3.3 Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2012
Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	15.74	16.22	16.63	17.15	17.77	18.44	19.16	19.77	20.25	20.73	20.91	21.50	22.16	23.04	23.31	23.69	23.93
Argentina	5.04	5.18	5.49	5.58	5.70	5.81	6.32	7.27	9.05	10.97	13.89	17.07	21.64	26.03	34.13	45.06	58.73
Australia	17.75	18.32	19.58	20.09	20.25	20.62	22.39	24.12	25.14	25.96	27.01	27.84	29.43	29.60	30.40	31.80	32.57
Austria	155.12	158.55	162.81	# 12.20	12.49	12.88	13.19	13.41	13.47	13.92	14.27	14.77	15.39	16.17	15.95	16.41	17.08
Belgium	498.46	509.28	522.76	# 13.27	13.63	14.20	14.50	15.33	15.95	16.19	16.45	16.67	17.44	17.89	18.22	18.71	19.33
Brazil	3.73	4.00	4.09	4.07	4.25	4.54	4.81	5.27	6.00	6.49	6.96	7.42	8.26	8.71	9.48	10.37	11.63
Canada	18.79	18.99	19.63	19.81	20.40	20.46	20.70	21.35	22.11	22.75	22.96	23.89	24.21	23.54	24.81	25.19	25.66
Czech Republic	55.47	61.99	68.95	72.71	78.52	83.91	89.58	94.49	100.16	105.36	111.11	119.63	126.16	128.91	130.50	136.14	141.56
Denmark	NA	130.81	135.27	140.77	145.72	151.93	156.60	161.09	164.46	168.90	172.98	182.96	190.90	198.42	204.03	209.61	211.65
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	28.50	30.71	33.84	37.26	40.02	45.33	53.39	64.75	73.09	71.62	71.98	# 4.83	5.25
Finland	69.15	70.53	73.42	# 12.84	13.46	14.04	14.41	14.80	15.30	15.89	16.44	16.82	17.50	18.66	18.36	19.00	19.47
France	74.90	76.48	77.71	# 12.03	12.24	12.51	12.79	13.07	13.36	13.55	13.91	14.28	14.61	14.93	15.20	15.58	15.95
Germany	28.44	28.88	29.46	# 15.17	15.90	16.20	16.68	17.13	17.50	17.74	17.88	18.27	18.65	19.05	19.45	19.88	20.57
Greece	1773.80	1848.82	1929.14	2015.37	2108.21	# 5.85	6.84	7.04	7.43	7.12	7.69	8.38	9.14	9.48	9.81	9.47	8.78
Hungary	247.47	297.77	346.46	384.78	439.92	512.05	576.24	625.69	677.06	724.82	788.62	865.21	911.25	958.73	985.79	1045.45	1142.49
Ireland	7.80	8.11	8.58	# 11.59	12.42	13.85	14.71	15.40	16.17	16.73	17.31	18.15	19.04	19.87	19.93	19.69	20.05
Israel	26.81	30.80	34.03	36.69	38.85	42.19	42.76	43.68	44.38	45.62	47.22	49.34	51.34	52.74	54.85	57.09	58.70
Italy	16450.58	17095.70	17580.79	# 9.29	9.48	9.97	10.55	11.16	11.82	12.17	12.61	13.00	13.47	13.91	14.30	14.66	15.02
Japan	1445.03	1484.39	1511.79	1524.50	1523.66	1539.74	1541.29	1548.85	1548.51	1561.06	1563.30	1566.68	1590.27	1612.61	1594.70	1608.95	1605.50
Korea, Republic of	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mexico	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Netherlands	NA	25.27	26.90	# 12.88	13.59	14.22	14.77	15.24	15.46	15.56	15.92	16.25	16.80	17.06	17.13	17.43	17.62
New Zealand	15.04	15.55	15.99	16.41	16.87	17.40	18.03	18.55	19.08	19.76	20.66	21.55	22.53	23.18	23.97	24.87	25.74
Norway	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Philippines	26.29	27.98	29.75	30.62	32.58	36.39	38.43	40.76	44.95	48.53	51.04	54.60	57.59	60.48	63.19	65.03	65.82
Poland	NA	4.72	5.59	7.83	8.71	9.43	9.80	10.11	10.40	10.81	11.50	12.73	14.01	14.60	15.17	15.85	16.57
Portugal	666.08	683.40	722.38	# 3.70	3.82	4.07	4.31	4.45	4.62	4.75	4.89	5.02	5.23	5.41	5.50	5.76	5.74
Singapore	10.38	11.23	12.27	12.71	13.65	14.65	14.55	14.87	15.06	15.00	14.71	15.75	17.74	16.94	17.28	18.85	19.62
Slovakia	41.69	47.51	49.65	53.78	58.98	65.11	75.31	82.73	87.99	94.82	101.81	109.61	119.58	4.20	4.36	4.58	4.76
Spain	1096.16	1142.16	1179.98	# 7.29	7.49	7.74	8.09	8.45	8.69	9.09	9.46	9.83	10.33	10.83	10.96	11.23	11.41
Sweden	108.92	113.72	118.70	120.82	125.27	131.13	137.79	142.14	144.14	149.12	153.95	161.09	167.39	176.70	177.32	180.79	189.84
Switzerland	29.31	29.47	30.00	29.72	30.38	31.38	31.74	32.63	32.50	32.71	33.12	33.70	34.32	35.82	35.23	35.38	35.82
Taiwan	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
United Kingdom	7.62	7.92	8.41	8.79	9.09	9.84	10.34	11.03	11.41	11.92	12.31	12.72	13.26	13.53	13.55	13.70	14.05
Note: Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

Table 6.2 Hourly pay for time worked as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2012
Country or Area	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
United States	70.1	70.4	70.8	71.4	71.2	70.3	70.0	69.2	69.1	68.8	68.6	67.0	67.6	67.4	67.0	66.7	67.1
Argentina	67.8	68.7	68.6	69.1	69.9	70.4	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6	68.6
Australia	72.5	72.0	71.8	71.5	71.6	71.0	69.9	69.5	69.2	69.3	69.8	70.0	70.0	70.2	70.5	70.7	70.8
Austria	52.1	52.2	52.2	52.3	52.5	53.1	53.3	53.5	53.7	53.5	53.3	53.1	52.9	52.9	52.9	52.9	52.9
Belgium	49.2	49.2	49.1	49.2	48.1	49.3	49.4	49.6	49.6	49.1	48.6	48.2	47.7	47.7	47.6	47.6	47.6
Brazil	52.2	52.6	52.2	53.2	53.4	53.2	53.4	53.1	53.7	53.2	53.5	53.6	53.4	53.7	53.8	53.1	53.1
Canada	74.0	74.2	74.6	74.7	74.9	74.2	73.0	72.3	71.7	71.5	70.8	71.2	70.8	70.1	70.1	70.1	70.2
Czech Republic	60.4	60.3	60.2	60.2	59.9	58.9	59.4	59.3	59.3	60.2	60.3	60.1	60.4	59.2	59.8	60.5	60.5
Denmark	NA	83.5	83.5	80.7	81.1	79.3	78.0	77.3	77.0	76.0	76.1	75.7	75.5	76.2	75.7	75.8	75.4
Estonia	NA	NA	NA	NA	65.8	65.7	65.6	65.5	65.4	65.3	65.6	65.5	64.7	63.4	64.4	64.6	64.9
Finland	60.2	60.8	61.3	61.9	62.5	61.6	60.6	59.6	58.6	58.7	58.7	58.7	58.8	58.8	58.8	58.8	58.8
France	52.6	52.7	52.7	52.8	52.9	52.6	52.3	52.0	51.7	51.7	51.6	51.6	51.5	51.5	51.5	51.5	51.5
Germany	56.9	57.1	57.9	58.6	57.8	57.3	57.1	57.0	57.7	58.1	57.1	57.6	57.8	58.0	58.8	58.4	57.8
Greece	58.4	58.3	58.2	58.1	58.0	58.1	58.1	58.1	58.1	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2
Hungary	52.1	52.2	52.4	52.5	52.7	53.1	53.4	53.8	54.1	54.1	54.7	54.4	54.2	55.0	56.5	56.7	56.7
Ireland	74.0	73.8	73.4	73.1	72.8	72.9	73.6	73.8	74.0	72.7	71.5	70.3	69.2	67.2	68.5	69.0	67.5
Israel	77.0	76.8	76.7	77.9	77.8	77.1	76.6	76.9	77.3	76.6	76.5	76.4	77.2	76.4	76.3	75.5	75.6
Italy	50.8	50.8	52.7	52.8	52.6	53.0	53.6	53.9	54.2	54.7	55.5	56.0	56.5	56.5	56.5	56.5	56.5
Japan	56.1	55.8	56.1	56.8	56.5	56.5	57.3	57.1	56.7	56.1	55.9	56.1	56.0	57.3	57.2	56.5	56.9
Korea, Republic of	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mexico	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Netherlands	NA	57.7	58.3	58.9	59.6	59.0	58.8	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.2	57.4	57.4	57.5	57.5	57.2
New Zealand	85.4	85.4	85.5	85.6	85.7	85.7	85.7	85.6	85.8	85.7	85.2	84.3	84.1	84.3	84.7	84.2	84.2
Norway	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Philippines	74.1	74.1	74.1	73.6	73.4	73.2	73.0	73.3	73.2	73.5	73.8	74.2	74.2	74.2	74.2	74.2	74.2
Poland	NA	45.7	46.4	58.0	58.8	58.9	58.9	59.0	59.4	59.7	60.0	60.3	60.6	60.6	61.7	61.7	61.7
Portugal	60.6	60.3	60.0	59.7	59.5	60.1	60.8	61.5	62.2	61.9	61.7	61.4	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.1
Singapore	61.7	62.2	64.0	68.1	67.5	67.0	67.0	66.9	67.5	68.1	67.3	66.5	66.5	66.4	65.3	64.9	65.0
Slovakia	49.8	49.8	48.8	50.2	49.4	50.1	51.2	51.3	52.4	52.5	52.3	52.0	52.2	52.1	53.9	54.2	54.2
Spain	55.9	55.9	55.8	55.8	55.8	55.5	55.2	54.9	54.5	54.6	54.5	54.4	54.8	54.2	54.5	55.0	54.7
Sweden	59.8	59.5	59.2	58.8	58.4	57.9	57.7	56.7	56.5	56.4	57.1	56.0	57.2	56.4	56.6	56.6	56.3
Switzerland	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.1	65.6	65.9	66.3	65.5	64.6	64.5	64.4	65.3	66.1	66.1	66.1
Taiwan	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
United Kingdom	66.9	67.2	67.4	66.7	66.7	68.5	70.3	71.7	73.4	73.0	72.6	72.3	71.9	71.9	71.9	71.4	71.3
Note: Pay for time worked is primarily base wages and salaries, overtime pay, regular bonuses and premiums (paid each pay period), and cost of living adjustments. Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4. For complete information on definitions and industrial classifications, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf and country notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichccsources.pdf. 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Labor Comparisons, August 2013

International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing, 2012

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