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Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software requirements. May design embedded systems software. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis.
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for this occupation:
| Employment (1) | Employment RSE (3) |
Mean hourly wage |
Mean annual wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 409,820 | 1.3 % | $53.17 | $110,590 | 0.7 % |
Percentile wage estimates for this occupation:
| Percentile | 10% | 25% | 50% (Median) |
75% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hourly Wage | $31.08 | $40.03 | $51.38 | $64.41 | $78.47 |
| Annual Wage (2) | $64,650 | $83,270 | $106,860 | $133,970 | $163,220 |
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for this occupation are provided. For a list of all industries with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in this occupation:
| Industry | Employment (1) | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 131,680 | 6.68 | $52.51 | $109,230 |
| Software Publishers | 23,400 | 6.86 | $52.07 | $108,310 |
| Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing | 23,020 | 13.68 | $63.28 | $131,630 |
| Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services | 17,720 | 1.27 | $55.81 | $116,080 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | 17,580 | 0.76 | $52.34 | $108,870 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in this occupation:
| Industry | Employment (1) | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing | 23,020 | 13.68 | $63.28 | $131,630 |
| Software Publishers | 23,400 | 6.86 | $52.07 | $108,310 |
| Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 131,680 | 6.68 | $52.51 | $109,230 |
| Communications Equipment Manufacturing | 5,460 | 6.25 | $53.84 | $111,990 |
| Securities and Commodity Exchanges | 220 | 4.93 | $62.01 | $128,970 |
Top paying industries for this occupation:
| Industry | Employment (1) | Percent of industry employment | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radio and Television Broadcasting | (8) | (8) | $65.23 | $135,680 |
| Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing | 23,020 | 13.68 | $63.28 | $131,630 |
| Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage | 2,110 | 0.47 | $62.57 | $130,150 |
| Securities and Commodity Exchanges | 220 | 4.93 | $62.01 | $128,970 |
| Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services | 670 | 0.14 | $58.59 | $121,860 |
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for this occupation are provided. For a list of all areas with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| State | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 90,290 | 5.65 | 1.94 | $61.92 | $128,800 |
| Texas | 30,850 | 2.63 | 0.90 | $51.10 | $106,280 |
| Massachusetts | 27,630 | 7.99 | 2.74 | $54.97 | $114,330 |
| Virginia | 24,950 | 6.63 | 2.27 | $56.41 | $117,330 |
| New York | 19,020 | 2.09 | 0.72 | $53.71 | $111,720 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| State | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | 27,630 | 7.99 | 2.74 | $54.97 | $114,330 |
| Virginia | 24,950 | 6.63 | 2.27 | $56.41 | $117,330 |
| Maryland | 15,640 | 5.92 | 2.03 | $56.78 | $118,090 |
| California | 90,290 | 5.65 | 1.94 | $61.92 | $128,800 |
| Colorado | 13,650 | 5.44 | 1.87 | $58.11 | $120,860 |
Top paying States for this occupation:
| State | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 90,290 | 5.65 | 1.94 | $61.92 | $128,800 |
| Colorado | 13,650 | 5.44 | 1.87 | $58.11 | $120,860 |
| Maryland | 15,640 | 5.92 | 2.03 | $56.78 | $118,090 |
| Virginia | 24,950 | 6.63 | 2.27 | $56.41 | $117,330 |
| Delaware | (8) | (8) | (8) | $56.13 | $116,750 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 28,670 | 27.42 | 9.39 | $70.50 | $146,630 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 22,850 | 9.17 | 3.14 | $57.78 | $120,190 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 18,450 | 10.23 | 3.51 | $55.23 | $114,870 |
| New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 16,980 | 2.58 | 0.88 | $55.89 | $116,260 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 13,580 | 3.22 | 1.10 | $56.36 | $117,230 |
| San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 12,200 | 11.43 | 3.92 | $65.38 | $135,990 |
| Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 12,170 | 7.66 | 2.62 | $56.25 | $117,000 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 11,830 | 4.63 | 1.59 | $47.25 | $98,290 |
| Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 10,190 | 4.19 | 1.44 | $49.94 | $103,870 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 9,930 | 2.73 | 0.94 | $49.82 | $103,620 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 28,670 | 27.42 | 9.39 | $70.50 | $146,630 |
| Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division | 3,260 | 21.53 | 7.38 | $60.52 | $125,880 |
| Framingham, MA NECTA Division | 3,760 | 21.53 | 7.38 | $52.74 | $109,700 |
| California-Lexington Park, MD | 540 | 12.36 | 4.23 | $48.75 | $101,410 |
| San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 12,200 | 11.43 | 3.92 | $65.38 | $135,990 |
| Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL | 2,230 | 11.12 | 3.81 | $53.37 | $111,010 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 18,450 | 10.23 | 3.51 | $55.23 | $114,870 |
| Huntsville, AL | 2,180 | 10.00 | 3.43 | $51.96 | $108,080 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 22,850 | 9.17 | 3.14 | $57.78 | $120,190 |
| Boulder, CO | 1,600 | 9.10 | 3.12 | $55.55 | $115,540 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for this occupation:
| Metropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 28,670 | 27.42 | 9.39 | $70.50 | $146,630 |
| San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX | 1,400 | 1.44 | 0.49 | $67.14 | $139,640 |
| San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 12,200 | 11.43 | 3.92 | $65.38 | $135,990 |
| Santa Rosa, CA | 350 | 1.79 | 0.61 | $62.35 | $129,680 |
| Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Division | 6,250 | 5.76 | 1.97 | $61.98 | $128,910 |
| Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division | 730 | 5.66 | 1.94 | $61.69 | $128,310 |
| San Rafael, CA Metropolitan Division | 370 | 3.29 | 1.13 | $61.48 | $127,890 |
| Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division | 3,260 | 21.53 | 7.38 | $60.52 | $125,880 |
| Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO | 8,680 | 6.13 | 2.10 | $60.25 | $125,310 |
| Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division | 3,330 | 2.87 | 0.98 | $60.21 | $125,240 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast Virginia nonmetropolitan area | 380 | 7.63 | 2.61 | $46.26 | $96,220 |
| Southeast Minnesota nonmetropolitan area | 340 | 2.13 | 0.73 | $42.54 | $88,490 |
| Northern West Virginia nonmetropolitan area | 170 | 1.20 | 0.41 | $39.53 | $82,210 |
| Northeastern Wisconsin nonmetropolitan area | 160 | 0.80 | 0.27 | $35.83 | $74,520 |
| Southern Vermont nonmetropolitan area | 150 | 1.41 | 0.48 | (8) | (8) |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast Virginia nonmetropolitan area | 380 | 7.63 | 2.61 | $46.26 | $96,220 |
| Southeast Minnesota nonmetropolitan area | 340 | 2.13 | 0.73 | $42.54 | $88,490 |
| South Central Idaho nonmetropolitan area | 120 | 1.59 | 0.54 | $41.15 | $85,590 |
| Upper Eastern Shore of Maryland nonmetropolitan area | 70 | 1.44 | 0.49 | (8) | (8) |
| Southern Vermont nonmetropolitan area | 150 | 1.41 | 0.48 | (8) | (8) |
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area | Employment (1) | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient (9) | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest Washington nonmetropolitan area | 40 | 0.73 | 0.25 | $52.32 | $108,830 |
| Southwest Minnesota nonmetropolitan area | 110 | 0.89 | 0.30 | $50.53 | $105,100 |
| Arizona nonmetropolitan area | 40 | 0.45 | 0.15 | $50.26 | $104,550 |
| Northwest Mississippi nonmetropolitan area | 30 | 0.30 | 0.10 | $48.82 | $101,550 |
| Northwest Illinois nonmetropolitan area | 40 | 0.29 | 0.10 | $48.12 | $100,080 |
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia. The top employment and wage figures are provided above. The complete list is available in the downloadable XLS files.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall. The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate--50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median. More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(8) Estimate not released.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OES estimates and related information:
May 2016 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2016 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2016 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2016 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
Last Modified Date: March 31, 2017