Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023
19-3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
All social scientists and related workers not listed separately.
National estimates for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
Industry profile for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
Geographic profile for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
National estimates for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 35,210 |
1.5 % |
$ 49.14 |
$ 102,210 |
0.8 % |
Percentile wage estimates for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$ 28.37 |
$ 36.25 |
$ 46.10 |
$ 59.23 |
$ 76.04 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$ 59,010 |
$ 75,400 |
$ 95,890 |
$ 123,200 |
$ 158,160 |
Industry profile for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) |
19,730 |
0.92 |
$ 49.10 |
$ 102,130 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
4,080 |
0.13 |
$ 43.19 |
$ 89,840 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
2,920 |
0.32 |
$ 52.44 |
$ 109,070 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises |
1,920 |
0.07 |
$ 81.91 |
$ 170,380 |
| State Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
1,690 |
0.08 |
$ 39.43 |
$ 82,020 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) |
19,730 |
0.92 |
$ 49.10 |
$ 102,130 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
2,920 |
0.32 |
$ 52.44 |
$ 109,070 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
4,080 |
0.13 |
$ 43.19 |
$ 89,840 |
| State Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
1,690 |
0.08 |
$ 39.43 |
$ 82,020 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises |
1,920 |
0.07 |
$ 81.91 |
$ 170,380 |
Top paying industries for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
Geographic profile for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Virginia |
4,680 |
1.18 |
5.07 |
$ 68.90 |
$ 143,300 |
| California |
3,060 |
0.17 |
0.73 |
$ 49.85 |
$ 103,680 |
| District of Columbia |
2,600 |
3.71 |
15.99 |
$ 55.74 |
$ 115,940 |
| Texas |
2,250 |
0.17 |
0.72 |
$ 45.28 |
$ 94,190 |
| Maryland |
2,170 |
0.81 |
3.50 |
$ 56.70 |
$ 117,930 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| District of Columbia |
2,600 |
3.71 |
15.99 |
$ 55.74 |
$ 115,940 |
| Virginia |
4,680 |
1.18 |
5.07 |
$ 68.90 |
$ 143,300 |
| Maryland |
2,170 |
0.81 |
3.50 |
$ 56.70 |
$ 117,930 |
| Alaska |
220 |
0.69 |
3.00 |
$ 40.28 |
$ 83,780 |
| Hawaii |
340 |
0.54 |
2.34 |
(8) |
(8) |
Top paying states for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Virginia |
4,680 |
1.18 |
5.07 |
$ 68.90 |
$ 143,300 |
| Maryland |
2,170 |
0.81 |
3.50 |
$ 56.70 |
$ 117,930 |
| District of Columbia |
2,600 |
3.71 |
15.99 |
$ 55.74 |
$ 115,940 |
| Oregon |
390 |
0.20 |
0.86 |
$ 53.93 |
$ 112,180 |
| Connecticut |
160 |
0.10 |
0.42 |
$ 53.29 |
$ 110,850 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
6,960 |
2.25 |
9.71 |
$ 64.30 |
$ 133,730 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
1,540 |
0.16 |
0.70 |
$ 48.07 |
$ 99,980 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
1,300 |
0.46 |
1.99 |
$ 45.58 |
$ 94,810 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
860 |
0.66 |
2.86 |
$ 56.81 |
$ 118,170 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
790 |
0.13 |
0.55 |
$ 52.67 |
$ 109,550 |
| Dayton, OH |
680 |
1.85 |
7.97 |
$ 50.48 |
$ 104,990 |
| Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC |
590 |
0.80 |
3.43 |
$ 55.61 |
$ 115,670 |
| Columbus, OH |
580 |
0.55 |
2.35 |
$ 39.52 |
$ 82,190 |
| San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX |
540 |
0.50 |
2.15 |
$ 46.53 |
$ 96,790 |
| Durham-Chapel Hill, NC |
510 |
1.53 |
6.59 |
$ 39.37 |
$ 81,890 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Charlottesville, VA |
380 |
3.34 |
14.43 |
$ 54.49 |
$ 113,340 |
| Fayetteville, NC |
300 |
2.30 |
9.90 |
$ 47.68 |
$ 99,170 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
6,960 |
2.25 |
9.71 |
$ 64.30 |
$ 133,730 |
| Fairbanks, AK |
70 |
1.89 |
8.14 |
$ 33.16 |
$ 68,970 |
| Dayton, OH |
680 |
1.85 |
7.97 |
$ 50.48 |
$ 104,990 |
| Durham-Chapel Hill, NC |
510 |
1.53 |
6.59 |
$ 39.37 |
$ 81,890 |
| Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC |
280 |
1.21 |
5.20 |
$ 52.22 |
$ 108,620 |
| Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL |
140 |
1.14 |
4.93 |
$ 41.72 |
$ 86,780 |
| Yuba City, CA |
50 |
1.04 |
4.49 |
$ 45.16 |
$ 93,930 |
| Ann Arbor, MI |
210 |
0.98 |
4.24 |
$ 39.16 |
$ 81,440 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
6,960 |
2.25 |
9.71 |
$ 64.30 |
$ 133,730 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
90 |
0.08 |
0.33 |
$ 58.29 |
$ 121,230 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
860 |
0.66 |
2.86 |
$ 56.81 |
$ 118,170 |
| Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA |
110 |
0.34 |
1.48 |
$ 56.37 |
$ 117,250 |
| Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC |
590 |
0.80 |
3.43 |
$ 55.61 |
$ 115,670 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
470 |
0.19 |
0.84 |
$ 55.51 |
$ 115,460 |
| Raleigh, NC |
140 |
0.20 |
0.87 |
$ 55.35 |
$ 115,120 |
| Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA |
310 |
0.26 |
1.10 |
$ 55.13 |
$ 114,680 |
| Charlottesville, VA |
380 |
3.34 |
14.43 |
$ 54.49 |
$ 113,340 |
| Huntsville, AL |
140 |
0.56 |
2.41 |
$ 54.12 |
$ 112,570 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other:
About May 2023 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The top employment and wage figures are provided above. The complete list is available in the downloadable XLS files.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate—50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(8) Estimate not released.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OEWS estimates and related information:
May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: April 3, 2024
United States Department of Labor
