Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023
25-3031 Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
Teach students on a short-term basis as a temporary replacement for a regular classroom teacher, typically using the regular teacher’s lesson plan. Excludes long-term substitute teachers who perform all the duties of a regular teacher; these teachers are coded within the 25-1000 or 25-2000 minor groups.
National estimates for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
Industry profile for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
Geographic profile for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
National estimates for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 444,530 |
1.2 % |
$ 20.95 |
$ 43,570 |
1.3 % |
Percentile wage estimates for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$ 11.74 |
$ 14.36 |
$ 17.97 |
$ 23.36 |
$ 30.36 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$ 24,420 |
$ 29,880 |
$ 37,380 |
$ 48,590 |
$ 63,140 |
Industry profile for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Elementary and Secondary Schools |
376,340 |
4.38 |
$ 21.46 |
$ 44,650 |
| Employment Services |
41,800 |
1.11 |
$ 17.72 |
$ 36,870 |
| Child Care Services |
8,570 |
0.91 |
$ 16.26 |
$ 33,820 |
| Educational Support Services |
7,070 |
2.78 |
$ 17.49 |
$ 36,370 |
| Local Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
3,170 |
0.06 |
$ 19.06 |
$ 39,650 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
Top paying industries for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
Geographic profile for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| California |
72,710 |
4.05 |
1.38 |
$ 27.04 |
$ 56,240 |
| Texas |
54,240 |
4.00 |
1.37 |
$ 15.61 |
$ 32,460 |
| New York |
32,540 |
3.46 |
1.18 |
$ 22.92 |
$ 47,680 |
| Virginia |
20,390 |
5.12 |
1.75 |
$ 19.33 |
$ 40,200 |
| North Carolina |
17,970 |
3.75 |
1.28 |
$ 15.74 |
$ 32,740 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Wyoming |
2,280 |
8.35 |
2.85 |
$ 16.72 |
$ 34,770 |
| West Virginia |
4,670 |
6.78 |
2.32 |
$ 24.72 |
$ 51,420 |
| Kansas |
8,490 |
6.01 |
2.05 |
$ 16.57 |
$ 34,460 |
| Alaska |
1,860 |
5.98 |
2.04 |
(8) |
(8) |
| Vermont |
1,620 |
5.38 |
1.84 |
$ 18.19 |
$ 37,840 |
Top paying states for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Wisconsin |
9,000 |
3.12 |
1.07 |
$ 33.52 |
$ 69,730 |
| Connecticut |
4,410 |
2.66 |
0.91 |
$ 30.05 |
$ 62,510 |
| Oregon |
3,990 |
2.05 |
0.70 |
$ 28.48 |
$ 59,240 |
| California |
72,710 |
4.05 |
1.38 |
$ 27.04 |
$ 56,240 |
| North Dakota |
440 |
1.07 |
0.36 |
$ 25.09 |
$ 52,180 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
25,880 |
2.73 |
0.93 |
$ 23.07 |
$ 47,990 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
20,650 |
3.34 |
1.14 |
$ 27.04 |
$ 56,230 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX |
16,540 |
5.20 |
1.78 |
$ 15.89 |
$ 33,040 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
13,660 |
4.42 |
1.51 |
$ 21.25 |
$ 44,200 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
11,440 |
2.89 |
0.99 |
$ 17.31 |
$ 36,010 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
10,190 |
3.62 |
1.24 |
$ 17.82 |
$ 37,070 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA |
9,790 |
5.89 |
2.01 |
$ 26.33 |
$ 54,760 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
9,610 |
2.13 |
0.73 |
$ 21.18 |
$ 44,050 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
7,140 |
2.62 |
0.90 |
$ 24.62 |
$ 51,200 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
7,130 |
2.94 |
1.00 |
$ 31.67 |
$ 65,870 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Merced, CA |
1,240 |
15.86 |
5.42 |
$ 23.83 |
$ 49,570 |
| Madera, CA |
820 |
15.85 |
5.42 |
$ 25.28 |
$ 52,590 |
| Fresno, CA |
5,530 |
13.52 |
4.62 |
$ 21.43 |
$ 44,580 |
| Visalia-Porterville, CA |
1,770 |
10.49 |
3.58 |
$ 25.24 |
$ 52,510 |
| Manhattan, KS |
400 |
9.94 |
3.40 |
$ 15.76 |
$ 32,780 |
| Cape Girardeau, MO-IL |
430 |
9.71 |
3.32 |
$ 18.07 |
$ 37,580 |
| Charleston, WV |
970 |
9.38 |
3.21 |
$ 21.39 |
$ 44,480 |
| McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX |
2,530 |
8.87 |
3.03 |
$ 14.17 |
$ 29,470 |
| Parkersburg-Vienna, WV |
320 |
8.79 |
3.00 |
$ 23.55 |
$ 48,980 |
| Stockton-Lodi, CA |
2,440 |
8.79 |
3.00 |
$ 27.65 |
$ 57,510 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Appleton, WI |
200 |
1.65 |
0.56 |
$ 58.60 |
$ 121,890 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
7,130 |
2.94 |
1.00 |
$ 31.67 |
$ 65,870 |
| La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN |
200 |
2.65 |
0.91 |
$ 31.51 |
$ 65,550 |
| Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT |
1,240 |
3.09 |
1.06 |
$ 30.60 |
$ 63,650 |
| Yuba City, CA |
230 |
4.56 |
1.56 |
$ 30.21 |
$ 62,850 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
2,840 |
2.49 |
0.85 |
$ 30.06 |
$ 62,530 |
| St. Cloud, MN |
80 |
0.80 |
0.27 |
$ 29.18 |
$ 60,700 |
| Albany, OR |
80 |
1.72 |
0.59 |
$ 28.67 |
$ 59,630 |
| Vallejo-Fairfield, CA |
390 |
2.80 |
0.96 |
$ 28.67 |
$ 59,630 |
| Hanford-Corcoran, CA |
270 |
5.97 |
2.04 |
$ 28.03 |
$ 58,300 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Kansas nonmetropolitan area |
2,940 |
7.56 |
2.58 |
$ 15.99 |
$ 33,250 |
| Southeast Coastal North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
2,050 |
8.26 |
2.82 |
$ 14.11 |
$ 29,350 |
| North Texas Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area |
1,920 |
6.90 |
2.36 |
$ 12.04 |
$ 25,030 |
| Piedmont North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
1,570 |
6.13 |
2.09 |
$ 15.55 |
$ 32,340 |
| West Texas Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area |
1,240 |
6.29 |
2.15 |
$ 12.03 |
$ 25,020 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term:
About May 2023 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The top employment and wage figures are provided above. The complete list is available in the downloadable XLS files.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate—50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(7) The value is less than .005 percent of industry employment.
(8) Estimate not released.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OEWS estimates and related information:
May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: April 3, 2024
United States Department of Labor
