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Productivity
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Productivity Home Page
The Office of Productivity and Technology (OPT) measures how efficiently the U.S. converts inputs into the outputs of goods and services. Measures of labor productivity compare the growth in output to the growth in hours worked and measures of total factor productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity (MFP), compare growth in output to the growth in a combination of inputs that include labor, capital, energy, materials, and purchased services.
Notices
- Updated Service-Providing Industries Highlights - 2024 Read More »
- Notice concerning the revision of total factor productivity measures for transportation industries occurring June 26th, 2025 Read More »
- Updated Productivity Highlights - Wholesale and Retail Trade, Urban Transit Systems, and Private Community Hospitals Read More »
Graphics
Click the graphic to enlarge chart: Long-term labor productivity in the nonfarm business sector since 1947.
Click the graphic to enlarge chart: Labor Productivity by State, Percent Change.
Click the graphic to enlarge chart: Contributions to Labor Productivity Growth, Private Nonfarm Business Sector, Selected Time Periods.
Click the graphic to enlarge chart: Labor Productivity and Real Hourly Compensation, Nonfarm Business Sector since 1973.
Click the graphic to enlarge chart: Detailed Industries Help Tell the Story, Indexes of Productivity Within Food and Beverage Stores.
Latest Numbers
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Labor productivity (output per hour)
-1.5%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Hourly compensation
+5.0%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Unit labor costs
+6.6%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Real value-added output
-0.2%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Hours worked
+1.3%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
MANUFACTURING SECTOR:
Labor productivity (output per hour)
+4.4%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Hourly compensation
+6.4%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Unit labor costs
+2.0%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Real sectoral output
+4.8%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Hours worked
+0.4%(r) in 1st Qtr of 2025
Historical Data
News Release
News Releases
Productivity decreases 1.5% in Q1 2025; unit labor costs increase 6.6% (annual rates)
06/05/2025
Productivity decreased 1.5 percent in the nonfarm business sector in the first quarter of 2025;
unit labor costs increased 6.6 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates). In manufacturing,
productivity increased 4.4 percent and unit labor costs increased 2.0 percent.
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Charts
Productivity decreases in 56 of 91 manufacturing and mining industries in 2024
04/24/2025
Labor productivity decreased in 52 of the 86 NAICS 4-digit manufacturing industries and in 4 of the 5 mining industries in 2024. Output fell in 72 of the 91 manufacturing and mining industries while hours worked rose in 38 industries. Eleven industries increased both output and hours worked.
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Productivity rises in 48 states and the District of Columbia in 2024
05/29/2025
Labor productivity increased in 48 states and the District of Columbia in 2024. Output increased in all 50
states and the District of Columbia and hours worked increased in 29 states and the District.
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Productivity increases in 20 of 31 selected service-providing industries in 2024
06/26/2025
Labor productivity rose in 20 of 31 selected service-providing industries in 2024. Output increased in 21 industries while hours worked rose in 13 industries. Unit labor costs went up in 25 of the 31 industries.
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Labor productivity increases in 32 of 46 wholesale and retail trade industries in 2024
05/29/2025
Wholesale trade productivity increased 1.8 percent in 2024, rebounding from a drop in 2023. Retail trade productivity increased 4.6 percent as output grew and hours worked fell. Unit labor costs grew 1.1 percent in wholesale trade and fell 1.8 percent in retail trade after 3 years of increases.
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Total factor productivity up in 78 of 86 4-digit NAICS manufacturing industries in 2021
08/31/2023
Total factor productivity rose in 78 of 86 4-digit NAICS manufacturing industries in 2021, up from 25 industries in 2020. Among the two measured transportation industries, total factor productivity increased in both air transportation and line-haul railroads.
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Total factor productivity increases in 12 out of 21 major industries in 2023
12/04/2024
In 2023, total factor productivity increased in 12 out of 21 major industries, led by the mining and retail trade industries.
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Total factor productivity increases 1.3% in 2024,
following a 1.4% increase in 2023
03/21/2025
Total factor productivity increased 1.3 percent in the private
nonfarm business sector in 2024 as output
increased 2.9 percent and combined inputs increased 1.6 percent.
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Next Releases
Productivity and Costs:
Second Quarter 2025, Preliminary
is scheduled to be released on
August 7, 2025
at 8:30 A.M. Eastern Time.
Publications
Beyond the Numbers
The rise in remote work since the pandemic and its impact on productivity
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about dramatic changes in the work environment. Although 6.5 percent of workers in the private business sector worked primarily from home in 2019, the pandemic was the start of a massive experiment in full-time remote work for most workers and firms. People often ask: are workers more productive or less productive when working from home? read more »
Monthly Labor Review
Sales versus margins: alternative measures of output and productivity for retail trade
This article compares sales- and margin-based measures of output and productivity for the retail trade sector. read more »
The Economics Daily
Labor productivity business cycle trends in selected service-providing industries
Labor productivity increased in 24 of 31 selected service-providing industries from 2019 to 2024. The highest annual productivity gains from 2019 to 2024 were in cable and other subscription programming (+8.8 percent per year) and travel arrangement and reservation services (+7.5 percent). The largest annual declines in productivity during this period occurred in warehousing and storage (−7.4 percent) and couriers and messengers (−5.8 percent). read more »
Spotlight on Statistics
A Look at a Thrilling Industry: Amusement and Theme Parks
This Spotlight on Statistics reviews historical establishment, employment, and wage trends for the amusement and theme parks industry. Additionally, productivity, consumer expenditures for entertainment fees and admissions, and producer prices for select amusement and theme parks products are reviewed. read more »