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Employment Projections

Physical strength and stamina

Uses the body to complete work-related duties, such as standing for long periods of time to help customers, exerting muscular force to lift heavy objects, and coordinating the movement of multiple limbs to entertain a crowd through dance or athletics.

Other available formats: (XLSX)

Skills data by detailed occupation sorted by skills score, and 2024–34 employment projections (Employment in thousands)
2024 National Employment Matrix title 2024 National Employment Matrix code Skills score[1] Employment, 2024 Employment, 2034 Employment change, numeric, 2024–34 Employment change, percent, 2024–34

Dancers

27-2031 4.1 12.3 12.9 0.6 4.5

Choreographers

27-2032 3.8 4.6 4.9 0.3 6.1

Structural iron and steel workers

47-2221 3.8 65.7 68.6 2.9 4.4

Manufactured building and mobile home installers

49-9095 3.8 3.1 3.3 0.2 5.9

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers

47-2171 3.6 19.4 20.3 0.9 4.6

Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse

45-2092 3.6 504.8 488.1 -16.8 -3.3

Brickmasons and blockmasons

47-2021 3.6 74.1 76.4 2.4 3.2

Derrick operators, oil and gas

47-5011 3.6 11.3 11.3 0.1 0.5

Fallers

45-4021 3.6 5.6 5.2 -0.4 -7.3

Roof bolters, mining

47-5043 3.5 2.3 1.5 -0.8 -34.2

Tree trimmers and pruners

37-3013 3.5 60.1 62.1 2.0 3.3

Stonemasons

47-2022 3.5 12.1 11.8 -0.4 -3.0

Roofers

47-2181 3.5 166.7 176.5 9.8 5.9

Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors

39-9031 3.5 370.1 414.2 44.1 11.9

Cement masons and concrete finishers

47-2051 3.5 206.7 210.4 3.8 1.8

Athletes and sports competitors

27-2021 3.5 19.1 20.2 1.0 5.5

Millwrights

49-9044 3.4 41.3 41.3 0.0 0.0

Orderlies

31-1132 3.4 54.0 55.8 1.8 3.3

Firefighters

33-2011 3.4 344.9 356.7 11.8 3.4

Floor sanders and finishers

47-2043 3.4 5.6 5.8 0.1 2.6

Helpers--extraction workers

47-5081 3.4 7.0 6.9 -0.1 -1.7

Lighting technicians[2]

27-4015 3.4 12.1 11.5 -0.6 -4.6

Electricians

47-2111 3.4 818.7 896.1 77.4 9.5

Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters

47-3011 3.4 16.1 14.4 -1.7 -10.5

Drywall and ceiling tile installers

47-2081 3.4 103.1 107.4 4.3 4.2

Fence erectors

47-4031 3.4 26.4 27.6 1.2 4.6

Wind turbine service technicians

49-9081 3.4 13.6 20.5 6.8 49.9

Rail car repairers

49-3043 3.3 17.9 18.4 0.5 2.8

Helpers--roofers

47-3016 3.3 5.2 5.5 0.3 5.7

Plasterers and stucco masons

47-2161 3.3 24.2 25.2 1.0 4.1

Carpet installers

47-2041 3.3 20.3 18.3 -1.9 -9.6

Commercial divers

49-9092 3.3 4.2 4.5 0.4 8.5

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators

47-4061 3.3 15.0 15.3 0.2 1.6

Agricultural workers, all other[2]

45-2099 3.3 10.1 10.3 0.2 2.3

Sailors and marine oilers

53-5011 3.3 32.1 32.8 0.7 2.3

Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons

49-9045 3.3 1.1 0.9 -0.2 -16.9

Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons

47-3014 3.3 7.4 7.6 0.2 2.3

Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall

47-2131 3.3 40.2 41.7 1.5 3.8

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders

53-7121 3.3 12.0 12.5 0.5 4.3

Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines

49-3042 3.3 188.7 199.6 10.9 5.8

Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders

51-9191 3.3 12.2 12.3 0.1 1.0

Terrazzo workers and finishers

47-2053 3.3 1.5 1.3 -0.2 -11.1

Roustabouts, oil and gas

47-5071 3.3 46.0 47.1 1.1 2.5

Insulation workers, mechanical

47-2132 3.3 27.2 28.5 1.3 4.7

Tire repairers and changers

49-3093 3.3 113.4 119.9 6.5 5.7

Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians

49-3041 3.3 39.0 43.3 4.3 11.0

Tire builders

51-9197 3.2 20.9 21.4 0.5 2.3

Boilermakers

47-2011 3.2 10.4 10.1 -0.2 -2.4

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists

49-3031 3.2 319.9 327.7 7.8 2.4

Painters, construction and maintenance

47-2141 3.2 342.2 355.2 13.0 3.8

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

47-2152 3.2 504.5 527.2 22.7 4.5

Highway maintenance workers

47-4051 3.2 159.1 163.9 4.8 3.0

Riggers

49-9096 3.2 24.6 25.4 0.8 3.2

Service unit operators, oil and gas

47-5013 3.2 45.2 45.4 0.2 0.4

Helpers--electricians

47-3013 3.2 66.6 66.7 0.1 0.2

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4191 3.2 14.8 12.9 -1.9 -12.8

Mechanical door repairers

49-9011 3.2 28.4 31.7 3.2 11.4

Helpers, construction trades, all other[2]

47-3019 3.2 26.3 27.4 1.2 4.4

Electrical power-line installers and repairers

49-9051 3.2 127.4 135.8 8.4 6.6

Rock splitters, quarry

47-5051 3.2 3.2 3.4 0.1 4.4

Paperhangers

47-2142 3.2 2.3 2.5 0.1 5.3

Maids and housekeeping cleaners

37-2012 3.2 1,356.8 1,362.8 6.0 0.4

Fiberglass laminators and fabricators

51-2051 3.2 18.6 19.4 0.8 4.2

Tile and stone setters

47-2044 3.2 52.6 58.0 5.3 10.1

Pipelayers

47-2151 3.2 34.4 32.9 -1.4 -4.1

Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4021 3.2 66.0 66.8 0.8 1.2

Merchandise displayers and window trimmers

27-1026 3.2 193.0 199.3 6.2 3.2

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers

49-9098 3.2 98.7 101.0 2.2 2.3

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters

51-7011 3.2 86.0 84.7 -1.4 -1.6

Grounds maintenance workers, all other[2]

37-3019 3.2 14.1 14.5 0.3 2.4

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers

37-3011 3.2 1,192.5 1,235.0 42.4 3.6

Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

47-3015 3.2 45.3 47.5 2.2 4.9

Carpenters

47-2031 3.1 959.0 1,002.1 43.1 4.5

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand

53-7062 3.1 2,988.9 3,033.1 44.3 1.5

Maintenance and repair workers, general

49-9071 3.1 1,629.7 1,692.1 62.4 3.8

Glaziers

47-2121 3.1 60.5 62.5 2.0 3.3

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners

47-4071 3.1 30.4 32.7 2.3 7.6

Helpers--carpenters

47-3012 3.1 25.2 26.4 1.1 4.5

Elevator and escalator installers and repairers

47-4021 3.1 24.2 25.4 1.2 5.0

Construction laborers

47-2061 3.1 1,457.0 1,563.4 106.5 7.3

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers

35-9011 3.1 527.4 560.6 33.1 6.3

Baggage porters and bellhops

39-6011 3.1 32.5 32.0 -0.5 -1.6

Upholsterers

51-6093 3.1 22.7 22.3 -0.4 -1.8

Solar photovoltaic installers

47-2231 3.1 28.6 40.6 12.0 42.1

Foundry mold and coremakers

51-4071 3.1 12.7 9.4 -3.3 -25.9

Telecommunications line installers and repairers

49-9052 3.1 99.9 96.8 -3.1 -3.1

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-6064 3.1 21.7 19.8 -1.9 -9.0

Flight attendants

53-2031 3.1 130.8 142.9 12.1 9.2

Sheet metal workers

47-2211 3.1 127.0 130.1 3.1 2.4

Building cleaning workers, all other[2]

37-2019 3.1 18.1 18.5 0.5 2.5

Extraction workers, all other[2]

47-5099 3.1 6.3 6.4 0.1 1.4

Furniture finishers

51-7021 3.1 20.5 19.8 -0.7 -3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other[2]

49-9099 3.1 221.2 226.5 5.4 2.4

Massage therapists

31-9011 3.1 168.0 193.9 25.9 15.4

First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers

33-1021 3.1 97.2 100.5 3.4 3.4

Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9032 3.1 49.0 47.9 -1.1 -2.3

Nursing assistants

31-1131 3.1 1,441.5 1,474.0 32.6 2.3

Light truck drivers

53-3033 3.1 1,079.8 1,158.6 78.9 7.3

Automotive and watercraft service attendants

53-6031 3.1 100.0 99.0 -1.0 -1.0

Woodworkers, all other[2]

51-7099 3.1 17.6 16.8 -0.8 -4.4

Automotive body and related repairers

49-3021 3.0 172.6 175.4 2.8 1.6

Meter readers, utilities

43-5041 3.0 20.1 17.7 -2.4 -12.0

Animal trainers

39-2011 3.0 47.3 49.8 2.4 5.1

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing

51-7042 3.0 63.1 61.9 -1.1 -1.8

Fishing and hunting workers

45-3031 3.0 21.9 20.9 -1.0 -4.6

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment

53-7061 3.0 410.1 426.2 16.0 3.9

Material moving workers, all other[2]

53-7199 3.0 27.7 28.9 1.2 4.3

Pest control workers

37-2021 3.0 102.4 107.5 5.1 4.9

Forest and conservation workers

45-4011 3.0 10.8 10.3 -0.5 -4.7

Recreational vehicle service technicians

49-3092 3.0 19.5 21.7 2.2 11.5

Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners

37-2011 3.0 2,447.7 2,495.5 47.8 2.0

Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4072 3.0 154.6 148.8 -5.8 -3.8

Helpers--production workers

51-9198 3.0 168.5 153.5 -15.0 -8.9

Industrial truck and tractor operators

53-7051 3.0 792.5 801.6 9.1 1.1

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters

47-5032 3.0 5.8 5.8 -0.1 -0.9

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4023 3.0 22.5 20.6 -1.9 -8.3

Motorcycle mechanics

49-3052 3.0 14.9 15.7 0.8 5.3

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers

49-9021 3.0 425.2 459.7 34.5 8.1

Underground mining machine operators, all other[2]

47-5049 3.0 3.6 3.4 -0.2 -6.1

Waiters and waitresses

35-3031 3.0 2,329.7 2,313.5 -16.3 -0.7

Industrial machinery mechanics

49-9041 3.0 439.6 510.3 70.7 16.1

Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals

45-2093 3.0 224.6 213.4 -11.1 -5.0

Transit and railroad police

33-3052 3.0 3.1 3.2 0.1 3.0

Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers

49-2022 3.0 156.9 150.4 -6.6 -4.2

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators

47-2071 3.0 47.0 48.6 1.5 3.2

Police and sheriff's patrol officers

33-3051 3.0 698.8 720.8 22.0 3.1

Forest and conservation technicians

19-4071 3.0 33.8 32.7 -1.1 -3.2

Physical therapist assistants

31-2021 3.0 111.5 136.0 24.5 22.0

Continuous mining machine operators

47-5041 3.0 14.9 15.0 0.1 0.6

Stockers and order fillers

53-7065 3.0 2,764.8 2,999.8 235.0 8.5

Rotary drill operators, oil and gas

47-5012 3.0 13.3 13.4 0.0 0.2

Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders

51-4051 3.0 20.8 20.3 -0.5 -2.3

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9041 3.0 57.3 58.4 1.1 2.0

Refuse and recyclable material collectors

53-7081 3.0 147.9 149.2 1.3 0.9

Tapers

47-2082 3.0 15.6 15.6 0.0 0.1

Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9124 3.0 165.5 166.7 1.2 0.7

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic

51-9195 3.0 41.7 44.3 2.6 6.2

Driver/sales workers

53-3031 3.0 451.5 491.3 39.8 8.8

Aircraft cargo handling supervisors

53-1041 2.9 10.3 10.8 0.5 5.2

Hazardous materials removal workers

47-4041 2.9 51.3 51.8 0.5 1.0

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

29-2061 2.9 651.4 668.5 17.1 2.6

Pile driver operators

47-2072 2.9 3.2 3.3 0.1 4.3

Hoist and winch operators

53-7041 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0 -1.1

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders

51-9192 2.9 14.6 15.2 0.5 3.6

Surgical assistants

29-9093 2.9 25.3 26.6 1.3 5.1

Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9021 2.9 28.7 27.9 -0.7 -2.5

Automotive service technicians and mechanics

49-3023 2.9 805.6 839.2 33.6 4.2

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers

31-9096 2.9 117.8 128.1 10.3 8.7

Physical therapist aides

31-2022 2.9 45.6 46.9 1.3 2.8

Signal and track switch repairers

49-9097 2.9 8.7 8.8 0.1 1.7

Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9012 2.9 54.4 52.0 -2.3 -4.3

Occupational therapy assistants

31-2011 2.9 49.2 58.7 9.5 19.2

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4031 2.9 174.7 153.6 -21.1 -12.1

Correctional officers and jailers

33-3012 2.9 387.5 357.4 -30.1 -7.8

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators

43-5053 2.9 106.4 97.5 -8.9 -8.4

First-line supervisors of correctional officers

33-1011 2.9 57.1 55.5 -1.6 -2.8

Engine and other machine assemblers

51-2031 2.9 38.4 30.3 -8.1 -21.1

Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9023 2.9 101.1 94.3 -6.8 -6.8

Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining

47-5044 2.9 6.4 5.0 -1.4 -22.3

Medical equipment preparers

31-9093 2.9 76.5 84.2 7.6 10.0

Emergency medical technicians[2]

29-2042 2.9 181.0 190.2 9.2 5.1

Veterinary technologists and technicians

29-2056 2.9 134.2 146.4 12.2 9.1

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians

53-3011 2.9 12.3 12.1 -0.2 -1.3

Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels

53-5021 2.9 40.7 40.9 0.2 0.5

Physical therapists

29-1123 2.9 267.2 296.4 29.3 10.9

Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers

53-7072 2.9 13.1 13.5 0.3 2.6

Food servers, nonrestaurant

35-3041 2.9 277.2 285.3 8.2 3.0

Transportation security screeners

33-9093 2.9 50.1 47.1 -3.0 -6.0

Miscellaneous construction and related workers[2]

47-4090 2.9 35.0 36.2 1.2 3.5

Motorboat mechanics and service technicians

49-3051 2.9 26.2 27.8 1.6 6.0

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood

51-7041 2.9 45.0 44.7 -0.3 -0.6

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-6063 2.9 15.3 13.6 -1.7 -11.2

Occupational therapy aides

31-2012 2.9 5.2 5.3 0.1 2.5

Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles

49-2096 2.9 10.3 8.9 -1.4 -13.6

Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers

53-4013 2.9 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.3

Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4035 2.9 13.8 11.8 -2.0 -14.4

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers

53-4022 2.9 11.0 11.1 0.1 1.0

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

51-9111 2.9 381.2 398.2 17.0 4.5

Registered nurses

29-1141 2.8 3,391.0 3,557.1 166.1 4.9

Paramedics[2]

29-2043 2.8 101.9 107.0 5.1 5.0

Postal service mail carriers

43-5052 2.8 319.4 308.1 -11.3 -3.5

Home health and personal care aides

31-1120 2.8 4,347.7 5,087.5 739.8 17.0

Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles

47-2042 2.8 33.7 36.9 3.2 9.5

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers

51-2011 2.8 33.6 28.7 -4.9 -14.5

Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers

33-9092 2.8 149.7 158.4 8.7 5.8

Animal caretakers

39-2021 2.8 392.1 439.6 47.6 12.1

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders

51-9193 2.8 7.1 7.6 0.5 7.2

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-6062 2.8 9.3 8.2 -1.1 -11.7

Maintenance workers, machinery

49-9043 2.8 57.5 55.9 -1.6 -2.8

Print binding and finishing workers

51-5113 2.8 35.8 30.0 -5.8 -16.1

Home appliance repairers

49-9031 2.8 37.3 38.3 1.0 2.6

Automotive glass installers and repairers

49-3022 2.8 20.4 21.1 0.7 3.6

Animal breeders

45-2021 2.8 7.9 8.1 0.2 2.4

Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment

49-2093 2.8 7.0 7.4 0.4 6.1

First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers

37-1012 2.8 224.7 230.0 5.2 2.3

Chefs and head cooks

35-1011 2.8 197.3 211.3 14.0 7.1

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials

51-6021 2.8 28.4 24.6 -3.8 -13.5

Layout workers, metal and plastic

51-4192 2.8 5.7 5.4 -0.3 -5.4

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders

51-9051 2.8 16.5 17.0 0.5 3.0

Pourers and casters, metal

51-4052 2.8 5.9 5.7 -0.3 -4.7

Packers and packagers, hand

53-7064 2.8 591.8 559.7 -32.2 -5.4

Grinding and polishing workers, hand

51-9022 2.8 11.8 9.3 -2.5 -21.2

Dishwashers

35-9021 2.8 477.7 478.6 0.9 0.2

Chemical equipment operators and tenders

51-9011 2.8 128.9 133.1 4.3 3.3

Agricultural equipment operators

45-2091 2.8 65.2 70.3 5.0 7.7

Butchers and meat cutters

51-3021 2.8 143.1 144.5 1.4 1.0

Wellhead pumpers

53-7073 2.8 18.8 17.9 -0.9 -4.7

Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining

47-5022 2.8 35.8 35.6 -0.1 -0.4

Parking attendants

53-6021 2.8 135.7 139.8 4.0 3.0

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders

51-6061 2.8 6.2 5.5 -0.6 -10.1

Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers

51-3022 2.8 146.8 154.9 8.1 5.5

Printing press operators

51-5112 2.8 150.2 138.0 -12.2 -8.1

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers

49-2092 2.8 17.1 17.7 0.6 3.4

Psychiatric aides

31-1133 2.8 38.5 38.3 -0.1 -0.4

Food preparation and serving related workers, all other[2]

35-9099 2.8 90.5 96.3 5.8 6.4

Transportation workers, all other[2]

53-6099 2.8 11.5 11.9 0.4 3.8

Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers

49-2021 2.8 11.7 12.7 1.0 8.6

Bartenders

35-3011 2.8 756.7 801.5 44.8 5.9

Chiropractors

29-1011 2.8 57.2 62.6 5.4 9.5

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers

45-1011 2.8 65.4 67.0 1.6 2.5

Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers

51-8093 2.8 34.9 34.0 -1.0 -2.8

Ship engineers

53-5031 2.8 8.8 9.0 0.1 1.6

Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers

53-3032 2.7 2,235.1 2,324.4 89.3 4.0

Slaughterers and meat packers

51-3023 2.7 69.6 71.2 1.5 2.2

Cooks, restaurant

35-2014 2.7 1,460.2 1,677.2 217.0 14.9

Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-4122 2.7 38.9 35.4 -3.5 -9.0

Motor vehicle operators, all other[2]

53-3099 2.7 79.3 84.0 4.7 6.0

Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics

49-3053 2.7 36.9 37.8 0.9 2.5

Locksmiths and safe repairers

49-9094 2.7 18.8 17.2 -1.6 -8.3

Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation

37-3012 2.7 29.6 30.7 1.1 3.8

Metal workers and plastic workers, all other[2]

51-4199 2.7 20.4 18.5 -1.9 -9.5

Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door

49-9012 2.7 47.7 48.3 0.6 1.3

Respiratory therapists

29-1126 2.7 139.6 156.4 16.8 12.1

Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4193 2.7 31.7 27.4 -4.3 -13.6

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers

51-6011 2.7 202.6 213.5 10.9 5.4

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4033 2.7 70.1 61.7 -8.4 -12.0

Production workers, all other[2]

51-9199 2.7 292.8 294.3 1.5 0.5

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners

51-4194 2.7 5.8 5.4 -0.5 -7.8

Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists

33-2022 2.7 2.9 3.3 0.4 14.6

Surgical technologists

29-2055 2.7 115.6 120.8 5.2 4.5

Cooks, institution and cafeteria

35-2012 2.7 466.1 475.4 9.3 2.0

Machine feeders and offbearers

53-7063 2.7 46.5 40.4 -6.0 -13.0

Logging workers, all other[2]

45-4029 2.7 3.1 3.0 -0.1 -4.7

Personal care and service workers, all other[2]

39-9099 2.7 94.4 100.4 6.0 6.4

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4081 2.7 131.0 130.3 -0.7 -0.5

Radiologic technologists and technicians

29-2034 2.7 228.0 237.8 9.8 4.3

Crane and tower operators

53-7021 2.7 42.3 43.5 1.3 3.0

Security and fire alarm systems installers

49-2098 2.7 85.9 94.9 8.9 10.4

Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators

47-2073 2.7 489.3 507.1 17.8 3.6

Fish and game wardens

33-3031 2.7 7.0 6.6 -0.4 -6.0

Structural metal fabricators and fitters

51-2041 2.7 53.8 45.0 -8.8 -16.3

Athletic trainers

29-9091 2.7 33.9 37.6 3.8 11.1

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians

49-3011 2.7 139.4 145.0 5.6 4.0

Aircraft service attendants[2]

53-6032 2.7 28.0 29.5 1.4 5.1

Radiation therapists

29-1124 2.7 19.2 19.6 0.4 1.9

First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers

37-1011 2.7 269.8 276.4 6.7 2.5

Computer numerically controlled tool operators

51-9161 2.7 177.1 158.1 -19.0 -10.7

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders

51-3091 2.7 20.7 20.8 0.1 0.6

Conveyor operators and tenders

53-7011 2.7 29.1 28.1 -1.0 -3.4

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers

51-6091 2.7 15.2 15.0 -0.2 -1.1

Railroad conductors and yardmasters

53-4031 2.7 36.8 37.2 0.4 1.1

Earth drillers, except oil and gas

47-5023 2.7 18.3 18.8 0.5 2.9

Couriers and messengers

43-5021 2.7 247.2 267.6 20.4 8.2

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders

51-9196 2.7 97.5 91.4 -6.1 -6.3

Diagnostic medical sonographers

29-2032 2.7 90.0 101.7 11.7 13.0

Postal service clerks

43-5051 2.7 74.2 71.6 -2.6 -3.5

Patternmakers, wood

51-7032 2.7 0.5 0.4 0.0 -5.0

First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers

35-1012 2.7 1,215.0 1,288.0 73.0 6.0

Rail transportation workers, all other[2]

53-4099 2.7 1.6 1.6 0.1 3.9

Motorboat operators

53-5022 2.6 2.7 2.8 0.0 1.4

Machinists

51-4041 2.6 299.5 299.6 0.0 0.0

Parking enforcement workers

33-3041 2.6 8.4 8.2 -0.1 -1.5

Animal control workers

33-9011 2.6 12.2 12.7 0.5 3.9

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators[2]

51-2090 2.6 1,467.1 1,465.9 -1.3 -0.1

Chemical plant and system operators

51-8091 2.6 18.1 17.0 -1.1 -6.1

Bicycle repairers

49-3091 2.6 13.2 12.9 -0.3 -2.3

Food processing workers, all other[2]

51-3099 2.6 58.7 61.8 3.1 5.3

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4034 2.6 18.9 16.4 -2.6 -13.6

Agricultural technicians

19-4012 2.6 18.6 19.4 0.8 4.3

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4022 2.6 8.8 7.2 -1.7 -18.9

Food cooking machine operators and tenders

51-3093 2.6 29.7 29.9 0.2 0.6

Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks

43-5071 2.6 862.2 795.8 -66.3 -7.7

Model makers, wood

51-7031 2.6 0.9 0.9 0.0 -4.5

Stationary engineers and boiler operators

51-8021 2.6 33.3 34.0 0.7 2.2

Cooks, all other[2]

35-2019 2.6 24.0 25.3 1.3 5.5

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other[2]

51-6099 2.6 14.7 13.3 -1.4 -9.4

Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay

49-2095 2.6 23.4 24.7 1.3 5.5

Medical appliance technicians

51-9082 2.6 12.0 12.4 0.4 3.7

Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators

53-7071 2.6 5.4 5.3 -0.1 -1.3

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service

43-9051 2.6 67.4 62.9 -4.4 -6.6

Exercise physiologists

29-1128 2.6 23.9 26.1 2.3 9.5

Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers

49-9091 2.6 32.5 31.6 -0.9 -2.9

Cooks, short order

35-2015 2.6 151.1 142.7 -8.4 -5.6

Food batchmakers

51-3092 2.6 173.5 185.4 11.9 6.9

Semiconductor processing technicians

51-9141 2.6 31.9 35.4 3.5 10.9

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists

39-5012 2.6 575.2 607.4 32.2 5.6

Logging equipment operators

45-4022 2.6 30.9 30.5 -0.4 -1.4

Subway and streetcar operators

53-4041 2.6 9.6 9.9 0.3 3.4

Dental assistants

31-9091 2.6 381.9 406.3 24.4 6.4

Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers

51-4121 2.6 457.3 467.2 9.9 2.2

Umpires, referees, and other sports officials

27-2023 2.6 19.3 20.4 1.1 5.7

Coaches and scouts

27-2022 2.6 306.5 326.0 19.5 6.4

Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling[2]

11-9072 2.6 43.2 46.5 3.3 7.7

Recreation workers

39-9032 2.6 327.7 341.1 13.4 4.1

Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers

49-2097 2.6 24.6 26.3 1.6 6.6

Recreational therapists

29-1125 2.6 16.1 16.6 0.5 3.3

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

51-4032 2.6 5.3 4.3 -1.0 -19.6

Phlebotomists

31-9097 2.5 139.7 147.5 7.9 5.6

Embalmers

39-4011 2.5 3.6 3.7 0.0 1.3

Models

41-9012 2.5 6.7 6.7 0.0 -0.5

Dredge operators

53-7031 2.5 1.1 1.2 0.0 1.2

Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers

11-9013 2.5 836.1 825.0 -11.1 -1.3

Cutters and trimmers, hand

51-9031 2.5 7.0 5.7 -1.3 -18.1

Shoe machine operators and tenders

51-6042 2.5 4.1 3.9 -0.2 -3.7

Log graders and scalers

45-4023 2.5 4.6 4.6 0.0 -0.7

Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment

49-2094 2.5 61.1 60.7 -0.5 -0.8

Locomotive engineers

53-4011 2.5 27.0 27.2 0.2 0.7

First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other[2]

33-1099 2.5 21.5 21.8 0.3 1.6

Model makers, metal and plastic

51-4061 2.5 3.2 2.6 -0.6 -18.2

Health technologists and technicians, all other[2]

29-2099 2.5 178.8 188.1 9.3 5.2

Graders and sorters, agricultural products

45-2041 2.5 38.9 36.8 -2.1 -5.4

Food preparation workers

35-2021 2.5 902.7 871.8 -30.9 -3.4

Medical equipment repairers

49-9062 2.5 68.0 76.8 8.8 12.9

Childcare workers

39-9011 2.5 991.6 962.4 -29.2 -2.9

Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other[2]

29-1299 2.5 41.3 42.2 0.8 2.0

Cardiovascular technologists and technicians

29-2031 2.5 64.7 66.6 1.9 3.0

Fire inspectors and investigators

33-2021 2.5 14.7 15.2 0.6 3.8

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

51-9061 2.5 598.0 598.1 0.1 0.0

Dental hygienists

29-1292 2.5 221.6 237.2 15.5 7.0

Protective service workers, all other[2]

33-9099 2.5 84.0 86.1 2.1 2.5

Occupational therapists

29-1122 2.5 160.0 182.1 22.1 13.8

First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers

49-1011 2.5 617.5 636.5 19.1 3.1

Teaching assistants, except postsecondary[2]

25-9045 2.5 1,422.8 1,401.7 -21.1 -1.5

Security guards

33-9032 2.5 1,262.1 1,267.1 5.1 0.4

Food service managers

11-9051 2.5 352.8 375.3 22.6 6.4

Foresters

19-1032 2.5 13.8 14.0 0.2 1.2

Bailiffs

33-3011 2.5 19.0 18.6 -0.4 -2.2

Crossing guards and flaggers

33-9091 2.5 91.4 94.7 3.3 3.6

Healthcare support workers, all other[2]

31-9099 2.5 109.7 113.5 3.8 3.5

First-line supervisors of police and detectives

33-1012 2.5 160.8 165.4 4.6 2.9

Patternmakers, metal and plastic

51-4062 2.5 1.6 1.2 -0.4 -24.4

Parts salespersons

41-2022 2.5 272.1 280.6 8.5 3.1

Floral designers

27-1023 2.5 43.8 41.2 -2.6 -5.9

Nurse midwives

29-1161 2.5 8.6 9.5 0.9 11.1

Preschool teachers, except special education

25-2011 2.5 555.1 578.1 22.9 4.1

Craft artists

27-1012 2.5 11.6 11.9 0.2 2.1

Plant and system operators, all other[2]

51-8099 2.5 16.3 16.6 0.3 1.6

Cooks, private household

35-2013 2.5 34.2 36.0 1.7 5.1

Commercial pilots

53-2012 2.5 55.4 58.3 2.8 5.1

First-line supervisors of gambling services workers

39-1013 2.5 32.5 33.1 0.6 2.0

Shoe and leather workers and repairers

51-6041 2.5 9.5 9.1 -0.4 -3.8

First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers

47-1011 2.5 921.6 970.6 49.0 5.3

Photographic process workers and processing machine operators

51-9151 2.5 11.2 10.9 -0.3 -2.6

Surveyors

17-1022 2.5 56.1 58.6 2.5 4.4

Coil winders, tapers, and finishers

51-2021 2.5 12.2 11.5 -0.8 -6.3

Amusement and recreation attendants

39-3091 2.4 392.3 405.5 13.2 3.4

Nuclear technicians

19-4051 2.4 6.0 5.5 -0.5 -7.7

Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators

51-8031 2.4 132.4 123.8 -8.7 -6.5

Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other[2]

49-9069 2.4 10.8 11.0 0.2 2.0

Dietetic technicians

29-2051 2.4 30.9 31.7 0.8 2.5

Bakers

51-3011 2.4 249.1 263.2 14.0 5.6

Therapists, all other[2]

29-1129 2.4 56.1 62.5 6.4 11.5

Dentists, general

29-1021 2.4 129.8 135.2 5.4 4.1

Prosthodontists

29-1024 2.4 0.9 0.9 0.0 4.5

Detectives and criminal investigators

33-3021 2.4 117.9 117.1 -0.8 -0.7

Gas plant operators

51-8092 2.4 16.2 14.8 -1.4 -8.8

Acupuncturists

29-1291 2.4 15.3 16.4 1.0 6.8

Psychiatric technicians

29-2053 2.4 144.5 173.3 28.9 20.0

Veterinarians

29-1131 2.4 86.4 94.7 8.3 9.6

Transportation inspectors

53-6051 2.4 25.7 26.1 0.4 1.7

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons

29-1022 2.4 6.1 6.4 0.3 4.1

Nurse anesthetists

29-1151 2.4 53.8 58.5 4.6 8.6

Agricultural inspectors

45-2011 2.4 14.7 14.9 0.2 1.5

Dentists, all other specialists[2]

29-1029 2.4 6.6 6.6 0.0 0.3

Tool and die makers

51-4111 2.4 55.2 49.3 -6.0 -10.8

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping

43-5111 2.4 49.8 47.4 -2.4 -4.8

Barbers

39-5011 2.4 76.0 79.2 3.1 4.1

Pharmacy technicians

29-2052 2.4 490.4 521.8 31.5 6.4

Etchers and engravers

51-9194 2.4 8.6 8.6 -0.1 -0.7

Power plant operators

51-8013 2.4 31.6 28.0 -3.5 -11.2

Museum technicians and conservators

25-4013 2.4 15.7 16.5 0.8 5.4

Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians

17-3024 2.4 15.0 15.1 0.2 1.1

Forensic science technicians

19-4092 2.4 20.7 23.3 2.6 12.8

Avionics technicians

49-2091 2.4 21.4 23.1 1.7 8.2

Costume attendants

39-3092 2.4 6.7 7.1 0.4 5.9

Shampooers

39-5093 2.4 18.5 19.6 1.0 5.5

Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers

51-2028 2.4 261.4 273.3 11.9 4.6

First-line supervisors of production and operating workers

51-1011 2.4 698.6 706.9 8.3 1.2

Camera operators, television, video, and film

27-4031 2.4 36.4 36.9 0.4 1.2

Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other[2]

39-3099 2.4 8.5 8.8 0.3 3.6

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers

39-4031 2.4 27.5 28.4 0.8 3.1

Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians

17-3027 2.4 38.3 38.3 0.0 0.0

Conservation scientists

19-1031 2.4 28.5 29.5 1.0 3.4

Passenger attendants

53-6061 2.4 25.6 26.8 1.2 4.7

Makeup artists, theatrical and performance

39-5091 2.4 7.0 7.6 0.6 8.1

Actors

27-2011 2.3 57.0 57.1 0.2 0.3

Kindergarten teachers, except special education

25-2012 2.3 117.2 115.2 -1.9 -1.6

Nurse practitioners

29-1171 2.3 320.4 448.8 128.4 40.1

Magnetic resonance imaging technologists

29-2035 2.3 44.1 47.2 3.1 7.1

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop

35-9031 2.3 429.9 423.5 -6.4 -1.5

Demonstrators and product promoters

41-9011 2.3 79.2 79.1 -0.1 -0.1

Special education teachers, preschool

25-2051 2.3 29.3 29.7 0.4 1.4

Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants

39-3093 2.3 15.6 16.6 1.0 6.4

Sewing machine operators

51-6031 2.3 124.0 110.7 -13.3 -10.8

First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors[2]

53-1047 2.3 609.6 632.2 22.5 3.7

Surveying and mapping technicians

17-3031 2.3 59.4 62.1 2.7 4.5

Nuclear medicine technologists

29-2033 2.3 20.0 20.6 0.6 3.0

Painting, coating, and decorating workers

51-9123 2.3 8.8 8.9 0.1 1.4

Gambling cage workers

43-3041 2.3 14.1 13.4 -0.7 -5.0

Chemical technicians

19-4031 2.3 57.0 59.0 2.1 3.7

First-line supervisors of retail sales workers

41-1011 2.3 1,432.6 1,360.3 -72.3 -5.0

Obstetricians and gynecologists

29-1218 2.3 21.5 21.7 0.3 1.2

Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers

49-2011 2.3 79.1 78.4 -0.7 -0.9

Crematory operators[2]

39-4012 2.3 3.1 3.2 0.1 3.3

Funeral attendants

39-4021 2.3 32.5 33.5 1.0 3.1

Musical instrument repairers and tuners

49-9063 2.3 6.2 6.3 0.1 1.4

Gambling change persons and booth cashiers

41-2012 2.3 22.6 21.1 -1.5 -6.4

Orthotists and prosthetists

29-2091 2.3 10.1 11.5 1.3 13.3

School bus monitors[2]

33-9094 2.3 71.4 69.5 -2.0 -2.7

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

43-4181 2.3 131.9 135.6 3.7 2.8

Bus drivers, school[2]

53-3051 2.3 387.3 388.2 0.9 0.2

Bus drivers, transit and intercity

53-3052 2.3 158.8 165.6 6.8 4.3

Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs[2]

53-3053 2.3 243.9 260.3 16.4 6.7

Taxi drivers[2]

53-3054 2.3 204.0 226.6 22.6 11.1

Retail salespersons

41-2031 2.3 3,936.7 3,917.1 -19.6 -0.5

Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other[2]

27-2099 2.3 35.8 38.0 2.1 6.0

Cooks, fast food

35-2011 2.3 669.5 579.2 -90.3 -13.5

Facilities managers

11-3013 2.3 151.4 157.1 5.7 3.8

Fast food and counter workers

35-3023 2.3 3,796.0 4,029.2 233.2 6.1

Cashiers

41-2011 2.3 3,157.2 2,843.6 -313.6 -9.9

Medical assistants

31-9092 2.3 811.0 912.2 101.2 12.5

Fabric and apparel patternmakers

51-6092 2.3 2.8 2.5 -0.3 -10.2

Physician assistants

29-1071 2.3 162.7 195.8 33.2 20.4

Construction and building inspectors

47-4011 2.3 147.6 146.5 -1.2 -0.8

Anesthesiologists

29-1211 2.3 45.3 46.7 1.4 3.2

Library technicians

25-4031 2.2 78.6 73.2 -5.4 -6.8

Library assistants, clerical

43-4121 2.2 84.5 78.9 -5.6 -6.7

Computer numerically controlled tool programmers

51-9162 2.2 28.3 31.9 3.6 12.8

Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators

27-1013 2.2 26.5 26.2 -0.3 -1.2

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers

39-3031 2.2 121.7 123.1 1.4 1.2

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians

29-2010 2.2 351.2 357.2 6.0 1.7

Office machine operators, except computer

43-9071 2.2 25.5 21.6 -3.9 -15.2

Environmental engineering technologists and technicians

17-3025 2.2 12.9 13.0 0.1 1.2

First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services[2]

39-1014 2.2 123.3 131.1 7.8 6.3

First-line supervisors of personal service workers

39-1022 2.2 149.1 159.1 10.0 6.7

Bridge and lock tenders

53-6011 2.2 2.9 2.8 -0.1 -3.3

Gambling dealers

39-3011 2.2 88.7 88.1 -0.6 -0.6

Airfield operations specialists

53-2022 2.2 16.9 17.6 0.7 4.2

Educational instruction and library workers, all other[2]

25-9099 2.2 132.0 134.0 2.0 1.5

Photographers

27-4021 2.2 151.2 154.0 2.8 1.8

Pharmacy aides

31-9095 2.2 41.1 41.1 -0.1 -0.1

Gambling service workers, all other[2]

39-3019 2.2 16.1 16.0 -0.1 -0.6

Skincare specialists

39-5094 2.2 97.4 103.9 6.6 6.7

Farm labor contractors

13-1074 2.2 3.9 4.2 0.2 6.0

Meeting, convention, and event planners

13-1121 2.2 155.8 163.3 7.5 4.8

Ophthalmic laboratory technicians

51-9083 2.2 19.6 20.0 0.5 2.3

Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary

25-1072 2.2 91.6 106.9 15.3 16.8

Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers

51-6052 2.2 38.8 37.1 -1.7 -4.5

Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other[2]

19-4099 2.2 83.2 86.2 2.9 3.5

Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers

53-2011 2.2 100.0 103.9 3.9 3.9

Occupational health and safety technicians

19-5012 2.2 31.9 34.6 2.7 8.5

Environmental science and protection technicians, including health

19-4042 2.2 40.4 42.1 1.6 4.0

Musicians and singers

27-2042 2.2 169.8 171.6 1.8 1.1

Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary

25-1194 2.2 122.2 123.0 0.8 0.7

Funeral home managers

11-9171 2.2 32.1 33.4 1.3 4.1

Personal service managers, all other[2]

11-9179 2.2 25.1 26.7 1.6 6.5

Community health workers

21-1094 2.2 65.1 72.5 7.4 11.3

Career/technical education teachers, secondary school

25-2032 2.2 103.4 101.5 -1.9 -1.8

Broadcast technicians

27-4012 2.2 24.8 24.2 -0.7 -2.8

Counter and rental clerks

41-2021 2.1 408.2 421.3 13.1 3.2

Audio and video technicians

27-4011 2.1 92.3 95.4 3.1 3.3

Soil and plant scientists

19-1013 2.1 20.7 21.8 1.1 5.4

Zoologists and wildlife biologists

19-1023 2.1 18.2 18.5 0.3 1.6

Biological technicians

19-4021 2.1 82.7 85.6 2.9 3.5

Media and communication equipment workers, all other[2]

27-4099 2.1 15.1 15.2 0.1 0.6

Industrial production managers

11-3051 2.1 241.9 246.5 4.6 1.9

Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians

19-4043 2.1 9.8 10.0 0.1 1.5

Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other[2]

29-9099 2.1 41.7 43.1 1.5 3.6

Residential advisors

39-9041 2.1 91.2 94.7 3.5 3.8

Lodging managers

11-9081 2.1 52.0 53.8 1.8 3.4

Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians

17-3021 2.1 9.3 10.1 0.8 8.1

Calibration technologists and technicians[2]

17-3028 2.1 15.8 16.5 0.7 4.7

Dermatologists

29-1213 2.1 10.9 11.6 0.7 6.4

Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians

17-3023 2.1 93.7 94.3 0.6 0.6

Music directors and composers

27-2041 2.0 47.3 47.2 -0.1 -0.3

File clerks

43-4071 2.0 84.3 70.9 -13.4 -15.9

Elementary school teachers, except special education

25-2021 2.0 1,422.7 1,394.8 -27.9 -2.0

Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists

21-1092 2.0 92.3 94.8 2.4 2.6

Motion picture projectionists

39-3021 2.0 2.0 2.0 -0.1 -3.7

Ophthalmic medical technicians

29-2057 2.0 78.8 94.4 15.6 19.8

Occupational health and safety specialists

19-5011 2.0 131.9 148.4 16.5 12.5

Career/technical education teachers, middle school

25-2023 2.0 14.0 13.8 -0.3 -2.0

Hydrologists

19-2043 2.0 6.3 6.3 0.0 -0.1

Hydrologic technicians[2]

19-4044 2.0 3.1 3.0 -0.1 -2.1

Food science technicians

19-4013 2.0 20.4 21.3 1.0 4.8

Pharmacists

29-1051 2.0 335.1 350.5 15.4 4.6

Podiatrists

29-1081 2.0 9.7 9.9 0.2 1.8

Compliance officers

13-1041 2.0 418.0 430.3 12.3 3.0

Social and human service assistants

21-1093 2.0 449.6 478.5 28.9 6.4

Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other[2]

17-3029 2.0 67.3 68.3 1.0 1.5

Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare

11-9031 2.0 90.2 87.9 -2.3 -2.5

Ophthalmologists, except pediatric

29-1241 2.0 12.5 13.1 0.5 4.3

Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric[2]

29-1242 2.0 14.7 15.3 0.6 4.1

Pediatric surgeons[2]

29-1243 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 1.5

Surgeons, all other[2]

29-1249 2.0 25.1 26.0 1.0 3.9

Industrial engineering technologists and technicians

17-3026 2.0 74.6 75.9 1.3 1.7

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers

51-9071 2.0 35.1 33.2 -1.9 -5.5

Gambling and sports book writers and runners

39-3012 2.0 8.2 7.7 -0.5 -6.1

Archivists

25-4011 1.9 9.3 9.7 0.4 3.8

Gambling managers

11-9071 1.9 5.1 5.2 0.1 1.2

Designers, all other[2]

27-1029 1.9 28.6 29.2 0.6 2.0

Tour and travel guides

39-7010 1.9 55.8 60.3 4.5 8.1

Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers

19-2042 1.9 25.1 26.0 0.8 3.2

Tellers

43-3071 1.9 347.4 302.5 -44.9 -12.9

Postmasters and mail superintendents

11-9131 1.9 13.1 12.7 -0.5 -3.5

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products

41-4012 1.9 1,310.5 1,314.9 4.4 0.3

Traffic technicians

53-6041 1.9 7.9 8.2 0.3 3.7

Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school[2]

25-2052 1.9 230.2 226.1 -4.1 -1.8

Special education teachers, secondary school

25-2058 1.9 164.2 161.5 -2.6 -1.6

Curators

25-4012 1.9 15.1 16.2 1.1 7.0

Construction managers

11-9021 1.9 550.3 598.4 48.1 8.7

Radiologists

29-1224 1.9 28.2 29.0 0.8 2.7

Special education teachers, all other[2]

25-2059 1.9 41.0 41.5 0.4 1.1

Chemists

19-2031 1.9 86.8 91.0 4.3 4.9

Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary

11-9032 1.9 333.3 328.1 -5.1 -1.5

Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary

25-1041 1.9 10.7 11.2 0.4 4.1

Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors

17-2111 1.9 23.8 24.9 1.1 4.4

Cardiologists[2]

29-1212 1.9 19.4 20.2 0.8 4.1

General internal medicine physicians

29-1216 1.9 73.2 75.6 2.4 3.3

Farm and home management educators

25-9021 1.9 12.4 12.1 -0.3 -2.5

Sewers, hand

51-6051 1.9 5.4 5.0 -0.4 -7.0

Managers, all other[2]

11-9199 1.9 1,333.7 1,393.5 59.8 4.5

Orthodontists

29-1023 1.8 5.9 6.2 0.3 4.4

Concierges

39-6012 1.8 45.6 46.7 1.1 2.3

Self-enrichment teachers

25-3021 1.8 417.5 433.0 15.5 3.7

Insurance appraisers, auto damage

13-1032 1.8 9.2 8.4 -0.8 -8.2

Cargo and freight agents

43-5011 1.8 100.6 109.2 8.6 8.5

Child, family, and school social workers

21-1021 1.8 399.9 413.3 13.4 3.4

Librarians and media collections specialists

25-4022 1.8 142.1 144.5 2.4 1.7

Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators

33-9031 1.8 10.3 10.3 0.0 0.3

Set and exhibit designers

27-1027 1.8 31.3 32.0 0.7 2.3

Agricultural engineers

17-2021 1.8 1.7 1.8 0.1 5.9

Administrative services managers

11-3012 1.8 271.2 283.8 12.6 4.6

Food scientists and technologists

19-1012 1.8 15.2 16.2 1.0 6.5

Interpreters and translators

27-3091 1.8 75.3 76.6 1.3 1.7

Computer user support specialists

15-1232 1.8 729.5 702.5 -27.0 -3.7

Animal scientists

19-1011 1.8 2.8 2.9 0.2 5.8

Microbiologists

19-1022 1.8 20.7 21.6 0.8 4.1

Opticians, dispensing

29-2081 1.8 79.9 82.2 2.3 2.9

Social workers, all other[2]

21-1029 1.8 81.0 84.1 3.1 3.9

Healthcare social workers

21-1022 1.8 193.2 208.1 14.8 7.7

Data entry keyers

43-9021 1.8 141.6 104.9 -36.7 -25.9

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks

43-4081 1.8 264.2 274.0 9.9 3.7

Dental laboratory technicians

51-9081 1.8 35.2 33.6 -1.6 -4.7

Health specialties teachers, postsecondary

25-1071 1.8 289.6 339.7 50.1 17.3

Biological scientists, all other[2]

19-1029 1.7 63.7 64.5 0.8 1.2

Sound engineering technicians

27-4014 1.7 16.9 16.6 -0.3 -1.7

Health education specialists

21-1091 1.7 71.8 75.0 3.2 4.5

Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary

25-1121 1.7 122.8 124.8 2.1 1.7

Emergency management directors

11-9161 1.7 13.2 13.6 0.4 3.0

Fashion designers

27-1022 1.7 25.7 26.2 0.5 2.0

Community and social service specialists, all other[2]

21-1099 1.7 119.2 124.7 5.5 4.6

Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary

25-1043 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.1 4.0

Physical scientists, all other[2]

19-2099 1.7 31.9 32.1 0.2 0.6

General and operations managers

11-1021 1.7 3,712.9 3,876.8 164.0 4.4

Special education teachers, middle school

25-2057 1.7 94.8 93.0 -1.8 -1.9

Physicians, all other[2]

29-1229 1.7 340.7 349.3 8.6 2.5

Private detectives and investigators

33-9021 1.7 43.6 46.2 2.6 6.0

Anthropologists and archeologists

19-3091 1.7 8.8 9.2 0.3 3.7

Education administrators, all other[2]

11-9039 1.7 60.2 61.7 1.5 2.5

Real estate sales agents

41-9022 1.7 420.9 433.7 12.8 3.1

Production, planning, and expediting clerks

43-5061 1.7 388.8 381.7 -7.1 -1.8

Natural sciences managers

11-9121 1.7 104.3 108.2 3.9 3.7

Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors

21-1018 1.7 483.5 564.6 81.0 16.8

Environmental scientists and specialists, including health

19-2041 1.7 90.3 94.3 4.0 4.4

Life scientists, all other[2]

19-1099 1.6 7.8 8.1 0.3 3.7

Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary

25-1193 1.6 15.4 15.7 0.4 2.4

Public safety telecommunicators

43-5031 1.6 105.2 108.9 3.6 3.5

Computer network support specialists

15-1231 1.6 152.7 155.5 2.8 1.8

Industrial engineers

17-2112 1.6 351.1 389.6 38.5 11.0

Pediatricians, general

29-1221 1.6 46.4 46.8 0.4 0.8

Mental health and substance abuse social workers

21-1023 1.6 136.8 150.1 13.3 9.7

First-line supervisors of security workers[2]

33-1091 1.6 71.9 73.8 1.9 2.7

First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers

43-1011 1.6 1,558.4 1,554.4 -3.9 -0.3

Optometrists

29-1041 1.6 47.8 51.6 3.8 8.0

Sales and related workers, all other[2]

41-9099 1.6 122.6 127.1 4.5 3.7

Camera and photographic equipment repairers

49-9061 1.6 2.3 1.9 -0.3 -15.1

Producers and directors

27-2012 1.6 167.0 175.2 8.3 4.9

Desktop publishers

43-9031 1.6 5.0 4.4 -0.6 -12.4

Disc jockeys, except radio[2]

27-2091 1.6 15.4 16.0 0.6 3.8

Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys

27-3011 1.6 24.1 22.8 -1.3 -5.5

Marine engineers and naval architects

17-2121 1.6 8.5 9.0 0.5 5.8

Watch and clock repairers

49-9064 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.0 -1.1

Power distributors and dispatchers

51-8012 1.6 9.3 9.0 -0.3 -3.2

Physicians, pathologists

29-1222 1.6 12.6 13.1 0.5 4.2

Manicurists and pedicurists

39-5092 1.6 210.1 224.8 14.7 7.0

New accounts clerks

43-4141 1.6 38.9 33.8 -5.2 -13.2

Order clerks

43-4151 1.6 89.5 74.1 -15.4 -17.2

Audiologists

29-1181 1.6 15.8 17.3 1.5 9.5

Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education

25-2022 1.6 633.7 621.3 -12.4 -2.0

Hearing aid specialists

29-2092 1.6 10.7 12.6 2.0 18.4

Rehabilitation counselors

21-1015 1.6 91.9 93.2 1.3 1.4

Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel[2]

41-3091 1.5 1,226.7 1,264.7 37.9 3.1

Customer service representatives

43-4051 1.5 2,814.0 2,660.3 -153.7 -5.5

Biochemists and biophysicists

19-1021 1.5 35.6 37.6 2.1 5.8

Historians

19-3093 1.5 3.4 3.5 0.1 2.2

Nuclear power reactor operators

51-8011 1.5 5.7 4.9 -0.9 -15.3

Information and record clerks, all other[2]

43-4199 1.5 153.3 153.0 -0.3 -0.2

Directors, religious activities and education

21-2021 1.5 138.9 141.8 2.9 2.1

Architectural and civil drafters

17-3011 1.5 110.5 115.1 4.6 4.1

Postsecondary teachers, all other[2]

25-1199 1.5 183.4 186.8 3.4 1.8

Transportation, storage, and distribution managers

11-3071 1.5 216.7 229.8 13.1 6.1

Timing device assemblers and adjusters

51-2061 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 -17.5

Psychiatrists

29-1223 1.5 27.1 28.8 1.7 6.1

Procurement clerks

43-3061 1.5 61.9 56.6 -5.4 -8.7

News analysts, reporters, and journalists

27-3023 1.5 49.3 47.4 -1.9 -3.9

Office and administrative support workers, all other[2]

43-9199 1.5 232.9 214.8 -18.1 -7.8

Counselors, all other[2]

21-1019 1.5 69.1 77.8 8.7 12.6

Civil engineering technologists and technicians

17-3022 1.5 64.9 66.2 1.4 2.1

Property appraisers and assessors[2]

13-2020 1.5 77.3 80.2 2.9 3.8

Social and community service managers

11-9151 1.5 219.8 233.9 14.1 6.4

Speech-language pathologists

29-1127 1.5 187.4 215.5 28.2 15.0

Network and computer systems administrators

15-1244 1.5 331.5 317.7 -13.8 -4.2

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers

41-1012 1.5 320.0 320.0 0.0 0.0

Electronics engineers, except computer

17-2072 1.5 95.9 101.8 6.0 6.2

Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education

25-2031 1.5 1,094.5 1,076.7 -17.8 -1.6

Computer network architects

15-1241 1.5 179.2 200.6 21.4 11.9

Office clerks, general

43-9061 1.5 2,646.0 2,468.2 -177.8 -6.7

Electrical engineers

17-2071 1.5 192.0 205.7 13.8 7.2

Drafters, all other[2]

17-3019 1.5 17.1 15.9 -1.2 -6.9

Computer occupations, all other[2]

15-1299 1.4 472.0 510.5 38.5 8.2

Prepress technicians and workers

51-5111 1.4 26.2 22.3 -3.8 -14.6

Medical and health services managers

11-9111 1.4 616.2 759.1 142.9 23.2

Medical records specialists[2]

29-2072 1.4 194.8 208.6 13.8 7.1

Medical transcriptionists

31-9094 1.4 43.9 41.8 -2.2 -4.9

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products

41-4011 1.4 303.2 308.9 5.7 1.9

Engineers, all other[2]

17-2199 1.4 158.8 162.1 3.3 2.1

Court, municipal, and license clerks

43-4031 1.4 180.4 185.9 5.5 3.0

Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants

43-6011 1.4 502.8 494.9 -7.9 -1.6

Software developers[2]

15-1252 1.4 1,693.8 1,961.4 267.7 15.8

Legal secretaries and administrative assistants

43-6012 1.4 156.3 147.3 -9.0 -5.8

Mechanical engineers

17-2141 1.4 293.1 319.6 26.5 9.1

Medical dosimetrists

29-2036 1.4 4.8 4.9 0.2 3.5

Teachers and instructors, all other[2]

25-3099 1.4 153.8 153.5 -0.2 -0.1

Materials engineers

17-2131 1.4 23.0 24.3 1.3 5.7

Electrical and electronics drafters

17-3012 1.4 21.6 20.4 -1.2 -5.6

Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers

17-2151 1.4 7.0 7.0 0.0 0.7

Telephone operators

43-2021 1.4 4.0 2.9 -1.1 -27.5

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers

41-9091 1.4 25.3 22.8 -2.5 -10.0

Word processors and typists

43-9022 1.4 40.0 25.6 -14.4 -36.1

Artists and related workers, all other[2]

27-1019 1.4 13.9 14.0 0.1 0.8

Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary

25-1051 1.4 14.0 14.4 0.4 2.6

Financial clerks, all other[2]

43-3099 1.4 38.9 39.4 0.5 1.4

Receptionists and information clerks

43-4171 1.4 1,007.2 1,007.6 0.3 0.0

Advertising sales agents

41-3011 1.4 103.7 97.1 -6.6 -6.4

Interior designers

27-1025 1.4 87.1 89.9 2.8 3.2

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

43-4041 1.4 12.0 11.3 -0.7 -6.2

Cartographers and photogrammetrists

17-1021 1.4 13.4 14.3 0.9 6.4

Buyers and purchasing agents

13-1020 1.4 522.2 552.3 30.1 5.8

Neurologists

29-1217 1.4 8.3 8.8 0.5 5.4

Communications equipment operators, all other[2]

43-2099 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.0 2.5

Computer systems analysts

15-1211 1.4 521.1 566.5 45.5 8.7

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan

43-4111 1.4 164.3 145.1 -19.1 -11.6

Switchboard operators, including answering service

43-2011 1.4 36.6 27.0 -9.6 -26.3

Architects, except landscape and naval

17-1011 1.4 123.6 128.4 4.8 3.9

Property, real estate, and community association managers

11-9141 1.4 466.1 483.1 17.0 3.6

Religious workers, all other[2]

21-2099 1.4 88.4 89.0 0.6 0.6

Bioengineers and biomedical engineers

17-2031 1.4 22.2 23.3 1.1 5.2

Commercial and industrial designers

27-1021 1.4 30.6 31.6 1.0 3.2

Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping

43-4161 1.4 95.2 88.4 -6.8 -7.1

Environmental engineers

17-2081 1.4 39.4 41.0 1.5 3.9

Instructional coordinators

25-9031 1.4 232.6 235.5 2.9 1.3

Billing and posting clerks

43-3021 1.3 429.8 427.9 -1.9 -0.4

Information security analysts

15-1212 1.3 182.8 234.9 52.1 28.5

Human resources specialists

13-1071 1.3 944.3 1,002.7 58.4 6.2

Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers

23-2093 1.3 57.4 58.5 1.1 2.0

Business operations specialists, all other[2]

13-1199 1.3 1,205.7 1,242.0 36.3 3.0

Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary

25-1061 1.3 6.5 6.7 0.2 2.7

Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators

13-1031 1.3 356.1 337.9 -18.2 -5.1

Mechanical drafters

17-3013 1.3 42.9 40.1 -2.8 -6.5

Medical scientists, except epidemiologists

19-1042 1.3 165.3 179.6 14.3 8.7

Emergency medicine physicians[2]

29-1214 1.3 36.1 37.1 1.0 2.7

Family medicine physicians

29-1215 1.3 116.0 119.1 3.1 2.7

Civil engineers

17-2051 1.3 368.9 387.5 18.5 5.0

Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary

25-1192 1.3 3.2 3.3 0.1 3.4

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks

43-9041 1.3 256.7 247.2 -9.5 -3.7

Computer and information systems managers

11-3021 1.3 667.1 768.7 101.6 15.2

Chief executives

11-1011 1.3 309.4 322.7 13.3 4.3

Legislators[2]

11-1031 1.3 27.7 28.6 0.9 3.4

Geographers

19-3092 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.0 -3.1

Media and communication workers, all other[2]

27-3099 1.3 34.3 35.3 0.9 2.7

Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive

43-6014 1.3 1,944.0 1,913.2 -30.8 -1.6

Landscape architects

17-1012 1.3 21.8 22.6 0.8 3.5

Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and english as a second language instructors

25-3011 1.3 40.9 35.3 -5.6 -13.7

Training and development specialists

13-1151 1.3 452.3 501.0 48.7 10.8

Correspondence clerks

43-4021 1.3 6.9 6.5 -0.4 -5.6

Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance

43-5032 1.3 218.7 216.7 -2.1 -0.9

Dietitians and nutritionists

29-1031 1.3 90.9 95.9 5.0 5.5

Environmental science teachers, postsecondary

25-1053 1.3 9.0 9.3 0.3 2.9

Logisticians

13-1081 1.3 241.0 281.3 40.3 16.7

Writers and authors

27-3043 1.3 135.4 140.3 4.9 3.6

Architecture teachers, postsecondary

25-1031 1.3 11.6 11.9 0.2 2.0

Teaching assistants, postsecondary

25-9044 1.3 193.6 199.6 6.0 3.1

Sales managers

11-2022 1.3 619.5 648.5 29.0 4.7

Film and video editors

27-4032 1.3 43.5 45.2 1.7 4.0

Physics teachers, postsecondary

25-1054 1.3 17.1 17.5 0.4 2.5

Marriage and family therapists

21-1013 1.3 77.8 87.7 9.8 12.6

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

43-3031 1.3 1,613.4 1,519.1 -94.3 -5.8

Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors

21-1012 1.3 376.3 389.6 13.3 3.5

Biological science teachers, postsecondary

25-1042 1.3 66.0 70.8 4.8 7.3

Medical secretaries and administrative assistants

43-6013 1.3 850.0 885.3 35.3 4.2

Real estate brokers

41-9021 1.3 111.3 115.0 3.7 3.3

Purchasing managers

11-3061 1.3 83.5 86.1 2.6 3.1

Budget analysts

13-2031 1.3 50.4 51.0 0.5 1.0

Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary

25-1111 1.3 16.2 16.5 0.3 2.0

Payroll and timekeeping clerks

43-3051 1.3 161.1 134.2 -27.0 -16.7

Architectural and engineering managers

11-9041 1.3 212.5 220.5 8.0 3.8

Materials scientists

19-2032 1.3 8.7 9.1 0.4 4.9

Clergy

21-2011 1.3 262.0 264.6 2.6 1.0

Chemistry teachers, postsecondary

25-1052 1.3 25.4 26.0 0.6 2.2

Accountants and auditors

13-2011 1.3 1,579.8 1,652.6 72.8 4.6

Database administrators

15-1242 1.3 78.0 77.5 -0.5 -0.7

Nuclear engineers

17-2161 1.3 15.4 15.3 -0.2 -1.1

Marketing managers

11-2021 1.3 407.0 433.7 26.7 6.6

Social work teachers, postsecondary

25-1113 1.3 17.1 17.5 0.4 2.3

Management analysts

13-1111 1.3 1,075.1 1,169.7 94.5 8.8

Court reporters and simultaneous captioners

27-3092 1.3 17.7 17.7 0.0 -0.3

Training and development managers

11-3131 1.3 46.4 49.2 2.7 5.8

Air traffic controllers

53-2021 1.3 24.1 24.4 0.3 1.2

Human resources managers

11-3121 1.3 221.9 233.0 11.1 5.0

Advertising and promotions managers

11-2011 1.3 27.0 26.4 -0.6 -2.2

Geography teachers, postsecondary

25-1064 1.3 4.0 4.2 0.1 3.3

Insurance sales agents

41-3021 1.3 568.8 589.8 21.1 3.7

Loan interviewers and clerks

43-4131 1.3 177.6 173.5 -4.1 -2.3

Education administrators, postsecondary

11-9033 1.3 226.6 230.5 4.0 1.7

Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents

13-2081 1.2 57.6 56.5 -1.0 -1.8

Project management specialists[2]

13-1082 1.2 1,046.3 1,105.0 58.7 5.6

Fundraising managers[2]

11-2033 1.2 45.7 47.6 1.9 4.2

Fundraisers

13-1131 1.2 134.4 140.2 5.8 4.3

Business teachers, postsecondary

25-1011 1.2 103.1 109.0 5.8 5.7

Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary

25-1022 1.2 58.9 60.2 1.3 2.3

Editors

27-3041 1.2 115.8 116.5 0.7 0.6

Financial managers

11-3031 1.2 868.6 997.4 128.8 14.8

Petroleum engineers

17-2171 1.2 19.6 19.8 0.2 1.3

Labor relations specialists

13-1075 1.2 65.4 65.4 -0.1 -0.1

Bill and account collectors

43-3011 1.2 166.9 149.4 -17.5 -10.5

Statistical assistants

43-9111 1.2 6.5 6.3 -0.2 -2.5

Eligibility interviewers, government programs

43-4061 1.2 166.8 168.5 1.7 1.0

Engineering teachers, postsecondary

25-1032 1.2 50.3 54.4 4.1 8.1

Communications teachers, postsecondary

25-1122 1.2 35.8 36.6 0.8 2.1

Public relations managers[2]

11-2032 1.2 83.2 87.3 4.1 5.0

Public relations specialists

27-3031 1.2 315.9 331.0 15.0 4.8

Computer science teachers, postsecondary

25-1021 1.2 44.8 47.2 2.4 5.3

Loan officers

13-2072 1.2 301.4 306.5 5.0 1.7

Atmospheric and space scientists

19-2021 1.2 9.4 9.5 0.1 0.7

Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents

41-3031 1.2 514.5 531.6 17.1 3.3

Chemical engineers

17-2041 1.2 21.6 22.1 0.6 2.6

Psychology teachers, postsecondary

25-1066 1.2 52.5 54.4 1.9 3.6

Graphic designers

27-1024 1.2 265.9 271.5 5.7 2.1

Travel agents

41-3041 1.2 65.7 67.2 1.4 2.2

Computer hardware engineers

17-2061 1.2 76.8 82.4 5.6 7.3

Aerospace engineers

17-2011 1.2 71.6 75.9 4.4 6.1

Computer programmers

15-1251 1.2 121.2 113.9 -7.2 -6.0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary

25-1062 1.2 14.5 14.8 0.3 2.4

Special effects artists and animators

27-1014 1.2 57.1 58.0 0.9 1.6

Financial specialists, all other[2]

13-2099 1.2 137.1 141.4 4.3 3.1

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists

13-1141 1.2 107.0 112.7 5.6 5.3

Astronomers

19-2011 1.2 1.8 1.8 0.0 2.2

School psychologists

19-3034 1.2 67.2 67.7 0.5 0.7

Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other[2]

25-1069 1.2 20.7 21.1 0.4 1.7

Education teachers, postsecondary

25-1081 1.2 74.9 76.5 1.6 2.1

Sales engineers

41-9031 1.2 56.8 59.9 3.1 5.5

English language and literature teachers, postsecondary

25-1123 1.2 72.2 72.2 0.0 0.0

Social scientists and related workers, all other[2]

19-3099 1.2 40.8 40.1 -0.7 -1.7

Art directors

27-1011 1.2 135.0 140.7 5.7 4.2

Computer and information research scientists

15-1221 1.2 40.3 48.3 7.9 19.7

Urban and regional planners

19-3051 1.2 44.7 46.2 1.5 3.4

Tax preparers

13-2082 1.2 90.6 94.7 4.1 4.5

Sociology teachers, postsecondary

25-1067 1.2 15.4 15.7 0.3 2.1

Web developers

15-1254 1.2 86.0 92.5 6.5 7.5

Web and digital interface designers[2]

15-1255 1.2 128.9 137.9 9.0 7.0

Psychologists, all other[2]

19-3039 1.2 55.3 57.7 2.4 4.3

Compensation and benefits managers

11-3111 1.2 20.9 20.9 0.0 0.2

History teachers, postsecondary

25-1125 1.2 24.6 24.6 -0.1 -0.2

Library science teachers, postsecondary

25-1082 1.2 5.1 5.3 0.2 3.0

Credit counselors

13-2071 1.2 31.8 32.9 1.1 3.3

Epidemiologists

19-1041 1.2 12.3 14.3 2.0 16.2

Clinical and counseling psychologists

19-3033 1.2 76.3 84.8 8.5 11.2

Software quality assurance analysts and testers

15-1253 1.2 201.7 221.9 20.2 10.0

Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary

25-1124 1.2 26.4 26.4 0.0 -0.2

Economics teachers, postsecondary

25-1063 1.2 15.8 16.1 0.3 2.1

Social science research assistants

19-4061 1.2 40.6 42.3 1.8 4.4

Legal support workers, all other[2]

23-2099 1.2 51.3 50.7 -0.6 -1.2

Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes

13-1011 1.2 21.4 23.2 1.9 8.7

Law teachers, postsecondary

25-1112 1.2 29.5 30.2 0.6 2.2

Sociologists

19-3041 1.2 3.4 3.6 0.1 3.6

Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary

25-1126 1.2 27.3 27.5 0.2 0.7

Health information technologists and medical registrars[2]

29-9021 1.2 41.9 48.1 6.2 14.7

Cost estimators

13-1051 1.2 221.4 212.1 -9.3 -4.2

Physicists

19-2012 1.2 24.6 25.6 1.0 4.0

Lawyers

23-1011 1.2 864.8 900.7 35.9 4.1

Proofreaders and copy markers

43-9081 1.2 12.0 11.9 -0.1 -0.6

Judicial law clerks

23-1012 1.2 14.5 14.9 0.4 2.5

Paralegals and legal assistants

23-2011 1.2 376.2 376.8 0.6 0.2

Database architects

15-1243 1.2 66.9 72.7 5.8 8.7

Political science teachers, postsecondary

25-1065 1.2 21.8 22.2 0.4 2.0

Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers

23-1021 1.2 17.5 17.4 -0.1 -0.7

Substitute teachers, short-term[2]

25-3031 1.2 510.1 518.5 8.4 1.6

Tutors

25-3041 1.2 215.5 216.8 1.3 0.6

Brokerage clerks

43-4011 1.2 40.8 36.9 -3.9 -9.5

Financial risk specialists[2]

13-2054 1.2 60.5 64.4 3.9 6.5

Financial examiners

13-2061 1.1 65.1 77.2 12.1 18.5

Insurance underwriters

13-2053 1.1 127.0 123.7 -3.3 -2.6

Operations research analysts

15-2031 1.1 112.1 136.2 24.1 21.5

Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators

23-1022 1.1 9.1 9.5 0.4 4.3

Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates

23-1023 1.1 27.3 28.0 0.7 2.5

Mathematical science occupations, all other[2]

15-2099 1.1 5.0 5.2 0.2 4.0

Statisticians

15-2041 1.1 32.2 34.9 2.7 8.5

Data scientists[2]

15-2051 1.1 245.9 328.3 82.5 33.5

Telemarketers

41-9041 1.1 67.4 52.5 -14.9 -22.1

Market research analysts and marketing specialists

13-1161 1.1 941.7 1,004.7 63.0 6.7

Actuaries

15-2011 1.1 33.6 40.9 7.3 21.8

Political scientists

19-3094 1.1 6.5 6.3 -0.2 -3.1

Credit analysts

13-2041 1.1 67.8 64.8 -3.0 -4.4

Industrial-organizational psychologists

19-3032 1.1 5.6 5.9 0.3 6.3

Genetic counselors

29-9092 1.1 4.0 4.3 0.4 9.3

Technical writers

27-3042 1.1 56.4 56.9 0.5 0.9

Mathematicians

15-2021 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.0 -0.7

Survey researchers

19-3022 1.1 8.8 8.3 -0.5 -5.2

Economists

19-3011 1.1 17.6 17.8 0.2 1.2

Financial and investment analysts[2]

13-2051 1.1 368.5 389.6 21.1 5.7

Personal financial advisors

13-2052 1.1 326.0 357.2 31.2 9.6

Footnotes:

[1] Skills scores range from 1.0 (Not important) to 5.0 (Extremely important). More information can be found on the EP definitions page: https://www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/definitions.htm.

[2] Skills information from similar O*NET-SOC occupation(s) imputed for this occupation. More information can be found in the following file: Crosswalk of O*NET-SOC occupations to National Employment Matrix occupations for skills mapping.xlsx.

Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: August 28, 2025