Employment Projections > Data > Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

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**Table 3.3 Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1998, 2008, 2018, and projected 2028 (in percent)**
Group	Participation rate				Percentage-point change			Annual growth rate
Group	1998	2008	2018	2028	1998–08	2008–18	2018–28	1998–08	2008–18	2018–28
Total, 16 years and older	67.1	66.0	62.9	61.2	-1.1	-3.1	-1.7	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
16 to 24	65.9	58.8	55.2	51.7	-7.1	-3.6	-3.5	-1.1	-0.6	-0.7
16 to 19	52.8	40.2	35.1	30.9	-12.6	-5.1	-4.2	-2.7	-1.3	-1.3
20 to 24	77.5	74.4	71.1	67.8	-3.1	-3.3	-3.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5
25 to 54	84.1	83.1	82.1	81.7	-1.0	-1.0	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
25 to 34	84.6	83.3	82.5	81.6	-1.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
35 to 44	84.7	84.1	82.9	82.3	-0.7	-1.2	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
45 to 54	82.5	81.9	80.8	81.0	-0.6	-1.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
55 and older	31.3	39.4	40.0	39.6	8.1	0.6	-0.4	2.3	0.2	-0.1
55 to 64	59.3	64.5	65.0	67.9	5.3	0.4	3.0	0.9	0.1	0.4
65 to 74	17.7	25.1	27.0	32.5	7.4	2.0	5.4	3.5	0.8	1.8
75 and older	4.7	7.3	8.7	12.1	2.6	1.4	3.3	4.5	1.8	3.3

Men, 16 years and older	74.9	73.0	69.1	66.1	-1.9	-3.9	-3.0	-0.3	-0.5	-0.4
16 to 24	68.4	61.0	55.9	50.7	-7.3	-5.1	-5.2	-1.1	-0.9	-1.0
16 to 19	53.3	40.1	34.2	29.0	-13.2	-5.8	-5.3	-2.8	-1.6	-1.7
20 to 24	82.0	78.7	73.2	67.8	-3.3	-5.5	-5.4	-0.4	-0.7	-0.8
25 to 54	91.8	90.5	89.0	87.3	-1.3	-1.5	-1.7	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
25 to 34	93.2	91.5	89.1	86.8	-1.7	-2.4	-2.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
35 to 44	92.6	92.2	90.9	89.5	-0.4	-1.3	-1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
45 to 54	89.2	88.0	87.0	85.3	-1.2	-1.0	-1.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
55 and older	39.1	46.0	46.2	44.3	6.9	0.2	-1.9	1.6	0.0	-0.4
55 to 64	68.1	70.4	71.2	71.8	2.3	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1
65 to 74	22.6	29.7	31.6	36.5	7.1	1.8	4.9	2.8	0.6	1.5
75 and older	7.5	10.4	11.9	15.4	2.9	1.6	3.4	3.4	1.4	2.6

Women, 16 years and older	59.8	59.5	57.1	56.6	-0.4	-2.4	-0.5	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1
16 to 24	63.3	56.5	54.5	52.7	-6.8	-2.0	-1.8	-1.1	-0.4	-0.3
16 to 19	52.3	40.2	36.0	32.9	-12.0	-4.2	-3.1	-2.6	-1.1	-0.9
20 to 24	73.0	70.0	69.0	67.7	-3.0	-1.0	-1.3	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2
25 to 54	76.5	75.8	75.3	76.1	-0.7	-0.5	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
25 to 34	76.3	75.2	75.9	76.5	-1.1	0.7	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.1
35 to 44	77.1	76.1	75.1	75.1	-0.9	-1.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
45 to 54	76.2	76.1	74.9	76.7	-0.1	-1.2	1.9	0.0	-0.2	0.2
55 and older	25.0	33.9	34.8	35.5	8.9	0.9	0.7	3.1	0.2	0.2
55 to 64	51.2	59.1	59.1	64.3	7.9	0.0	5.2	1.5	0.0	0.8
65 to 74	13.7	21.1	23.1	28.9	7.4	2.0	5.8	4.4	0.9	2.3
75 and older	2.9	5.2	6.4	9.6	2.3	1.1	3.2	6.0	2.0	4.1

White	67.3	66.3	62.8	61.0	-1.0	-3.4	-1.9	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Men	75.6	73.7	69.5	66.4	-1.9	-4.2	-3.1	-0.3	-0.6	-0.5
Women	59.4	59.2	56.4	55.7	-0.3	-2.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.5	-0.1

Black	65.6	63.7	62.3	60.6	-1.9	-1.4	-1.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Men	69.0	66.7	64.8	61.8	-2.3	-1.9	-3.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5
Women	62.8	61.3	60.2	59.6	-1.5	-1.0	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1

Asian	67.0	67.0	63.5	63.2	0.0	-3.5	-0.3	0.0	-0.5	0.0
Men	75.5	75.3	71.6	70.8	-0.2	-3.7	-0.8	0.0	-0.5	-0.1
Women	59.2	59.4	56.4	56.6	0.2	-3.0	0.2	0.0	-0.5	0.0

All other groups 1	—	65.6	64.5	63.7	—	-1.1	-0.8	—	-0.2	-0.1
Men	—	71.4	69.0	66.4	—	-2.4	-2.6	—	-0.3	-0.4
Women	—	60.1	60.3	61.2	—	0.2	0.9	—	0.0	0.1

Hispanic origin	67.9	68.5	66.3	65.8	0.6	-2.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Men	79.8	80.2	75.7	73.6	0.4	-4.5	-2.1	0.0	-0.6	-0.3
Women	55.6	56.2	57.0	58.0	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.2

Other than Hispanic origin	67.0	65.6	62.2	60.1	-1.4	-3.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Men	74.3	71.7	67.7	64.2	-2.6	-4.0	-3.5	-0.4	-0.6	-0.5
Women	60.3	60.0	57.1	56.2	-0.3	-2.9	-0.9	-0.1	-0.5	-0.2

White non-Hispanic	67.2	65.9	62.1	59.6	-1.3	-3.8	-2.5	-0.2	-0.6	-0.4
Men	75.0	72.4	68.0	64.1	-2.6	-4.4	-3.8	-0.4	-0.6	-0.6
Women	59.9	59.8	56.4	55.2	-0.2	-3.3	-1.2	0.0	-0.6	-0.2
Age of baby boomers	34 to 52	44 to 62	54 to 72	64 to 82
Footnotes: 1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding. Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: September 4, 2019

Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

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