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Employment Projections
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Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity
Other available formats: (XLSX)
| Group | Participation rate, 2005 | Participation rate, 2015 | Participation rate, 2025 | Participation rate, 2035 | Participation rate change, 2005–15 | Participation rate change, 2015–25 | Participation rate change, 2025–35 | Compound annual rate of change, 2005–15 | Compound annual rate of change, 2015–25 | Compound annual rate of change, 2025–35 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total, 16 years and older |
66.0 | 62.7 | 62.4 | 61.1 | -3.4 | -0.2 | -1.3 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -0.2 |
|
16 to 24 |
60.8 | 55.0 | 55.6 | 53.7 | -5.8 | 0.6 | -1.9 | -1.0 | 0.1 | -0.3 |
|
16 to 19 |
43.7 | 34.3 | 36.2 | 33.9 | -9.4 | 1.9 | -2.2 | -2.4 | 0.5 | -0.6 |
|
20 to 24 |
74.6 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 69.2 | -4.0 | 0.7 | -2.1 | -0.5 | 0.1 | -0.3 |
|
25 to 54 |
82.8 | 80.9 | 83.6 | 82.9 | -1.9 | 2.7 | -0.7 | -0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
|
25 to 34 |
82.8 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 82.9 | -1.8 | 2.6 | -0.7 | -0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
|
35 to 44 |
83.8 | 82.1 | 84.4 | 83.7 | -1.7 | 2.3 | -0.7 | -0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
|
45 to 54 |
81.7 | 79.5 | 82.5 | 82.0 | -2.2 | 3.0 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 0.4 | -0.1 |
|
55 and older |
37.2 | 39.9 | 38.1 | 36.7 | 2.7 | -1.8 | -1.4 | 0.7 | -0.5 | -0.4 |
|
55 to 64 |
62.9 | 63.9 | 66.6 | 69.5 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
|
65 to 74 |
22.9 | 26.5 | 26.7 | 29.1 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
|
75 and older |
6.4 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
|
Men, 16 years and older |
73.3 | 69.0 | 67.8 | 65.9 | -4.3 | -1.2 | -1.9 | -0.6 | -0.2 | -0.3 |
|
16 to 24 |
62.9 | 56.2 | 56.3 | 53.4 | -6.8 | 0.1 | -2.9 | -1.1 | 0.0 | -0.5 |
|
16 to 19 |
43.2 | 34.2 | 35.7 | 33.7 | -8.9 | 1.5 | -2.0 | -2.3 | 0.4 | -0.6 |
|
20 to 24 |
79.1 | 73.0 | 73.2 | 69.0 | -6.1 | 0.2 | -4.2 | -0.8 | 0.0 | -0.6 |
|
25 to 54 |
90.5 | 88.3 | 89.4 | 88.0 | -2.2 | 1.1 | -1.4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.2 |
|
25 to 34 |
91.7 | 88.8 | 89.4 | 87.1 | -2.9 | 0.6 | -2.3 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -0.3 |
|
35 to 44 |
92.1 | 90.3 | 90.7 | 89.5 | -1.8 | 0.4 | -1.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
|
45 to 54 |
87.7 | 85.9 | 87.9 | 87.3 | -1.8 | 2.0 | -0.6 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
|
55 and older |
44.2 | 45.9 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 1.8 | -2.4 | -2.0 | 0.4 | -0.5 | -0.5 |
|
55 to 64 |
69.3 | 69.8 | 72.0 | 74.5 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
|
65 to 74 |
27.9 | 31.0 | 31.1 | 33.0 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
|
75 and older |
9.4 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 1.2 |
|
Women, 16 years and older |
59.3 | 56.7 | 57.3 | 56.6 | -2.6 | 0.6 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
|
16 to 24 |
58.6 | 53.8 | 54.9 | 54.1 | -4.8 | 1.1 | -0.8 | -0.8 | 0.2 | -0.2 |
|
16 to 19 |
44.2 | 34.4 | 36.6 | 34.2 | -9.9 | 2.3 | -2.4 | -2.5 | 0.6 | -0.7 |
|
20 to 24 |
70.1 | 68.3 | 69.5 | 69.5 | -1.8 | 1.2 | 0.0 | -0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
|
25 to 54 |
75.3 | 73.7 | 77.8 | 77.9 | -1.6 | 4.1 | 0.1 | -0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
|
25 to 34 |
73.9 | 73.4 | 77.9 | 78.8 | -0.5 | 4.5 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
|
35 to 44 |
75.7 | 74.3 | 78.2 | 77.9 | -1.5 | 3.9 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
|
45 to 54 |
76.0 | 73.4 | 77.3 | 76.8 | -2.5 | 3.9 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 0.5 | -0.1 |
|
55 and older |
31.4 | 34.7 | 33.3 | 32.5 | 3.3 | -1.4 | -0.8 | 1.0 | -0.4 | -0.3 |
|
55 to 64 |
57.0 | 58.5 | 61.4 | 64.7 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
|
65 to 74 |
18.7 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 25.6 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 1.2 |
|
75 and older |
4.5 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 2.2 |
|
White, 16 years and older |
66.3 | 62.8 | 62.0 | 60.3 | -3.5 | -0.8 | -1.7 | -0.5 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
|
Men |
74.1 | 69.7 | 67.6 | 65.2 | -4.4 | -2.1 | -2.4 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.4 |
|
Women |
58.9 | 56.2 | 56.5 | 55.5 | -2.7 | 0.3 | -1.0 | -0.5 | 0.1 | -0.2 |
|
Black, 16 years and older |
64.2 | 61.5 | 62.5 | 61.8 | -2.6 | 0.9 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
|
Men |
67.3 | 63.8 | 65.8 | 64.5 | -3.6 | 2.1 | -1.4 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.2 |
|
Women |
61.6 | 59.7 | 59.6 | 59.5 | -1.9 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|
All other groups, 16 years and older |
66.2 | 63.0 | 65.4 | 65.5 | -3.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
|
Men |
73.8 | 70.2 | 71.7 | 71.8 | -3.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
|
Women |
59.3 | 56.5 | 59.5 | 59.7 | -2.8 | 3.0 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
|
Hispanic origin, 16 years and older |
68.0 | 65.9 | 67.1 | 66.4 | -2.1 | 1.2 | -0.7 | -0.3 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
|
Men |
80.1 | 76.2 | 74.7 | 72.7 | -3.9 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -0.3 |
|
Women |
55.3 | 55.7 | 59.5 | 60.2 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
|
Other than Hispanic origin, 16 years and older |
65.8 | 62.0 | 61.3 | 59.7 | -3.7 | -0.7 | -1.6 | -0.6 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
|
Men |
72.2 | 67.7 | 66.2 | 64.0 | -4.6 | -1.5 | -2.2 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.3 |
|
Women |
59.8 | 56.9 | 56.8 | 55.7 | -3.0 | -0.1 | -1.1 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -0.2 |
|
Age of baby boomers |
41 to 59 | 51 to 69 | 61 to 79 | 71 to 89 | ||||||
|
Note: The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the racial categories of (2a) Asian, (2b) American Indian and Alaska Native, and (2c) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Subcategories do not necessarily average to higher categories since estimates are weighted by differences in population and labor force. Historical data may not match Current Population Survey data due to rounding at different aggregate levels. Baby-boomer generation is defined as individuals born between 1946 and 1964. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
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Last modified date: August 27, 2026