Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Civilian labor force participation rate by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

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**Table 3.3 Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1998, 2008, 2018, and projected 2028 (in percent)**
Group	Participation rate	Percentage-point change	Annual growth rate
Total, 16 years and older	67.1	66.0	62.9	61.2	-1.1	-3.1	-1.7	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
16 to 24	65.9	58.8	55.2	51.7	-7.1	-3.6	-3.5	-1.1	-0.6	-0.7
16 to 19	52.8	40.2	35.1	30.9	-12.6	-5.1	-4.2	-2.7	-1.3	-1.3
20 to 24	77.5	74.4	71.1	67.8	-3.1	-3.3	-3.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5
25 to 54	84.1	83.1	82.1	81.7	-1.0	-1.0	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
25 to 34	84.6	83.3	82.5	81.6	-1.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
35 to 44	84.7	84.1	82.9	82.3	-0.7	-1.2	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
45 to 54	82.5	81.9	80.8	81.0	-0.6	-1.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
55 and older	31.3	39.4	40.0	39.6	8.1	0.6	-0.4	2.3	0.2	-0.1
55 to 64	59.3	64.5	65.0	67.9	5.3	0.4	3.0	0.9	0.1	0.4
65 to 74	17.7	25.1	27.0	32.5	7.4	2.0	5.4	3.5	0.8	1.8
75 and older	4.7	7.3	8.7	12.1	2.6	1.4	3.3	4.5	1.8	3.3

Men, 16 years and older	74.9	73.0	69.1	66.1	-1.9	-3.9	-3.0	-0.3	-0.5	-0.4
16 to 24	68.4	61.0	55.9	50.7	-7.3	-5.1	-5.2	-1.1	-0.9	-1.0
16 to 19	53.3	40.1	34.2	29.0	-13.2	-5.8	-5.3	-2.8	-1.6	-1.7
20 to 24	82.0	78.7	73.2	67.8	-3.3	-5.5	-5.4	-0.4	-0.7	-0.8
25 to 54	91.8	90.5	89.0	87.3	-1.3	-1.5	-1.7	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
25 to 34	93.2	91.5	89.1	86.8	-1.7	-2.4	-2.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
35 to 44	92.6	92.2	90.9	89.5	-0.4	-1.3	-1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
45 to 54	89.2	88.0	87.0	85.3	-1.2	-1.0	-1.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
55 and older	39.1	46.0	46.2	44.3	6.9	0.2	-1.9	1.6	0.0	-0.4
55 to 64	68.1	70.4	71.2	71.8	2.3	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1
65 to 74	22.6	29.7	31.6	36.5	7.1	1.8	4.9	2.8	0.6	1.5
75 and older	7.5	10.4	11.9	15.4	2.9	1.6	3.4	3.4	1.4	2.6

Women, 16 years and older	59.8	59.5	57.1	56.6	-0.4	-2.4	-0.5	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1
16 to 24	63.3	56.5	54.5	52.7	-6.8	-2.0	-1.8	-1.1	-0.4	-0.3
16 to 19	52.3	40.2	36.0	32.9	-12.0	-4.2	-3.1	-2.6	-1.1	-0.9
20 to 24	73.0	70.0	69.0	67.7	-3.0	-1.0	-1.3	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2
25 to 54	76.5	75.8	75.3	76.1	-0.7	-0.5	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
25 to 34	76.3	75.2	75.9	76.5	-1.1	0.7	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.1
35 to 44	77.1	76.1	75.1	75.1	-0.9	-1.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
45 to 54	76.2	76.1	74.9	76.7	-0.1	-1.2	1.9	0.0	-0.2	0.2
55 and older	25.0	33.9	34.8	35.5	8.9	0.9	0.7	3.1	0.2	0.2
55 to 64	51.2	59.1	59.1	64.3	7.9	0.0	5.2	1.5	0.0	0.8
65 to 74	13.7	21.1	23.1	28.9	7.4	2.0	5.8	4.4	0.9	2.3
75 and older	2.9	5.2	6.4	9.6	2.3	1.1	3.2	6.0	2.0	4.1

White	67.3	66.3	62.8	61.0	-1.0	-3.4	-1.9	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Men	75.6	73.7	69.5	66.4	-1.9	-4.2	-3.1	-0.3	-0.6	-0.5
Women	59.4	59.2	56.4	55.7	-0.3	-2.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.5	-0.1

Black	65.6	63.7	62.3	60.6	-1.9	-1.4	-1.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Men	69.0	66.7	64.8	61.8	-2.3	-1.9	-3.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5
Women	62.8	61.3	60.2	59.6	-1.5	-1.0	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1

Asian	67.0	67.0	63.5	63.2	0.0	-3.5	-0.3	0.0	-0.5	0.0
Men	75.5	75.3	71.6	70.8	-0.2	-3.7	-0.8	0.0	-0.5	-0.1
Women	59.2	59.4	56.4	56.6	0.2	-3.0	0.2	0.0	-0.5	0.0

All other groups 1	—	65.6	64.5	63.7	—	-1.1	-0.8	—	-0.2	-0.1
Men	—	71.4	69.0	66.4	—	-2.4	-2.6	—	-0.3	-0.4
Women	—	60.1	60.3	61.2	—	0.2	0.9	—	0.0	0.1

Hispanic origin	67.9	68.5	66.3	65.8	0.6	-2.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Men	79.8	80.2	75.7	73.6	0.4	-4.5	-2.1	0.0	-0.6	-0.3
Women	55.6	56.2	57.0	58.0	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.2

Other than Hispanic origin	67.0	65.6	62.2	60.1	-1.4	-3.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Men	74.3	71.7	67.7	64.2	-2.6	-4.0	-3.5	-0.4	-0.6	-0.5
Women	60.3	60.0	57.1	56.2	-0.3	-2.9	-0.9	-0.1	-0.5	-0.2

White non-Hispanic	67.2	65.9	62.1	59.6	-1.3	-3.8	-2.5	-0.2	-0.6	-0.4
Men	75.0	72.4	68.0	64.1	-2.6	-4.4	-3.8	-0.4	-0.6	-0.6
Women	59.9	59.8	56.4	55.2	-0.2	-3.3	-1.2	0.0	-0.6	-0.2
Age of baby boomers	34 to 52	44 to 62	54 to 72	64 to 82
Footnotes: 1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding. Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 3.3 Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1998, 2008, 2018, and projected 2028 (in percent)

Group

Participation rate

Percentage-point change

Annual growth rate

1998

2008

2018

2028

1998–08

2008–18

2018–28

1998–08

2008–18

2018–28

Total, 16 years and older

67.1

66.0

62.9

61.2

-1.1

-3.1

-1.7

-0.2

-0.5

-0.3

16 to 24

65.9

58.8

55.2

51.7

-7.1

-3.6

-3.5

-1.1

-0.6

-0.7

16 to 19

52.8

40.2

35.1

30.9

-12.6

-5.1

-4.2

-2.7

-1.3

20 to 24

77.5

74.4

71.1

67.8

-3.1

-3.3

-0.4

-0.5

25 to 54

84.1

83.1

82.1

81.7

-1.0

-0.4

-0.1

0.0

25 to 34

84.6

83.3

82.5

81.6

-1.3

-0.9

-0.8

-0.2

-0.1

35 to 44

84.7

84.1

82.9

82.3

-0.7

-1.2

-0.6

-0.1

45 to 54

82.5

81.9

80.8

81.0

-0.6

-1.1

0.2

-0.1

0.0

55 and older

31.3

39.4

40.0

39.6

8.1

0.6

-0.4

2.3

0.2

-0.1

55 to 64

59.3

64.5

65.0

67.9

5.3

0.4

3.0

0.9

0.1

0.4

65 to 74

17.7

25.1

27.0

32.5

7.4

2.0

5.4

3.5

0.8

1.8

75 and older

4.7

7.3

8.7

12.1

2.6

1.4

3.3

4.5

1.8

3.3

Men, 16 years and older

74.9

73.0

69.1

66.1

-1.9

-3.9

-3.0

-0.3

-0.5

-0.4

16 to 24

68.4

61.0

55.9

50.7

-7.3

-5.1

-5.2

-1.1

-0.9

-1.0

16 to 19

53.3

40.1

34.2

29.0

-13.2

-5.8

-5.3

-2.8

-1.6

-1.7

20 to 24

82.0

78.7

73.2

67.8

-3.3

-5.5

-5.4

-0.4

-0.7

-0.8

25 to 54

91.8

90.5

89.0

87.3

-1.3

-1.5

-1.7

-0.1

-0.2

25 to 34

93.2

91.5

89.1

86.8

-1.7

-2.4

-0.2

-0.3

35 to 44

92.6

92.2

90.9

89.5

-0.4

-1.3

-1.4

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

45 to 54

89.2

88.0

87.0

85.3

-1.2

-1.0

-1.6

-0.1

-0.2

55 and older

39.1

46.0

46.2

44.3

6.9

0.2

-1.9

1.6

0.0

-0.4

55 to 64

68.1

70.4

71.2

71.8

2.3

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.1

65 to 74

22.6

29.7

31.6

36.5

7.1

1.8

4.9

2.8

0.6

1.5

75 and older

7.5

10.4

11.9

15.4

2.9

1.6

3.4

1.4

2.6

Women, 16 years and older

59.8

59.5

57.1

56.6

-0.4

-2.4

-0.5

-0.1

-0.4

-0.1

16 to 24

63.3

56.5

54.5

52.7

-6.8

-2.0

-1.8

-1.1

-0.4

-0.3

16 to 19

52.3

40.2

36.0

32.9

-12.0

-4.2

-3.1

-2.6

-1.1

-0.9

20 to 24

73.0

70.0

69.0

67.7

-3.0

-1.0

-1.3

-0.4

-0.1

-0.2

25 to 54

76.5

75.8

75.3

76.1

-0.7

-0.5

0.8

-0.1

0.1

25 to 34

76.3

75.2

75.9

76.5

-1.1

0.7

0.6

-0.1

0.1

35 to 44

77.1

76.1

75.1

-0.9

-1.0

0.0

-0.1

0.0

45 to 54

76.2

76.1

74.9

76.7

-0.1

-1.2

1.9

0.0

-0.2

0.2

55 and older

25.0

33.9

34.8

35.5

8.9

0.9

0.7

3.1

0.2

55 to 64

51.2

59.1

64.3

7.9

0.0

5.2

1.5

0.0

0.8

65 to 74

13.7

21.1

23.1

28.9

7.4

2.0

5.8

4.4

0.9

2.3

75 and older

2.9

5.2

6.4

9.6

2.3

1.1

3.2

6.0

2.0

4.1

White

67.3

66.3

62.8

61.0

-1.0

-3.4

-1.9

-0.2

-0.5

-0.3

Men

75.6

73.7

69.5

66.4

-1.9

-4.2

-3.1

-0.3

-0.6

-0.5

Women

59.4

59.2

56.4

55.7

-0.3

-2.7

-0.7

0.0

-0.5

-0.1

Black

65.6

63.7

62.3

60.6

-1.9

-1.4

-1.7

-0.3

-0.2

-0.3

Men

69.0

66.7

64.8

61.8

-2.3

-1.9

-3.0

-0.3

-0.5

Women

62.8

61.3

60.2

59.6

-1.5

-1.0

-0.6

-0.2

-0.1

Asian

67.0

63.5

63.2

0.0

-3.5

-0.3

0.0

-0.5

0.0

Men

75.5

75.3

71.6

70.8

-0.2

-3.7

-0.8

0.0

-0.5

-0.1

Women

59.2

59.4

56.4

56.6

0.2

-3.0

0.2

0.0

-0.5

0.0

All other groups 1

—

65.6

64.5

63.7

—

-1.1

-0.8

—

-0.2

-0.1

Men

—

71.4

69.0

66.4

—

-2.4

-2.6

—

-0.3

-0.4

Women

—

60.1

60.3

61.2

—

0.2

0.9

—

0.0

0.1

Hispanic origin

67.9

68.5

66.3

65.8

0.6

-2.2

-0.5

0.1

-0.3

-0.1

Men

79.8

80.2

75.7

73.6

0.4

-4.5

-2.1

0.0

-0.6

-0.3

Women

55.6

56.2

57.0

58.0

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.1

0.2

Other than Hispanic origin

67.0

65.6

62.2

60.1

-1.4

-3.4

-2.1

-0.2

-0.5

-0.3

Men

74.3

71.7

67.7

64.2

-2.6

-4.0

-3.5

-0.4

-0.6

-0.5

Women

60.3

60.0

57.1

56.2

-0.3

-2.9

-0.9

-0.1

-0.5

-0.2

White non-Hispanic

67.2

65.9

62.1

59.6

-1.3

-3.8

-2.5

-0.2

-0.6

-0.4

Men

75.0

72.4

68.0

64.1

-2.6

-4.4

-3.8

-0.4

-0.6

Women

59.9

59.8

56.4

55.2

-0.2

-3.3

-1.2

0.0

-0.6

-0.2

Age of baby boomers

34 to 52

44 to 62

54 to 72

64 to 82

Footnotes:
1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: September 4, 2019