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Employment Projections

Civilian labor force by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

Other available formats: (XLSX)

Table 3.1 Civilian labor force by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 2001, 2011, 2021, and projected 2031
(Numbers in thousands)

Group

Labor force, 2001

Labor force, 2011

Labor force, 2021

Labor force, 2031

Labor force change, 2001–11

Labor force change, 2011–21

Labor force change, 2021–31

Percent change, 2001–11

Percent change, 2011–21

Percent change, 2021–31

Percent distribution, 2001

Percent distribution, 2011

Percent distribution, 2021

Percent distribution, 2031

Compound annual rate of change, 2001–11

Compound annual rate of change, 2011–21

Compound annual rate of change, 2021–31

Total, 16 years and older

143,732

153,615

161,203

168,881

9,883

7,588

7,678

6.9

4.9

4.8

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.7

0.5

0.5

16 to 24

22,459

20,997

20,687

19,095

-1,462

-310

-1,592

-6.5

-1.5

-7.7

15.6

13.7

12.8

11.3

-0.7

-0.1

-0.8

16 to 19

7,902

5,727

5,961

4,876

-2,175

234

-1,085

-27.5

4.1

-18.2

5.5

3.7

3.7

2.9

-3.2

0.4

-2.0

20 to 24

14,557

15,270

14,726

14,219

713

-544

-507

4.9

-3.6

-3.4

10.1

9.9

9.1

8.4

0.5

-0.4

-0.3

25 to 54

101,789

101,743

102,868

108,292

-46

1,125

5,424

0.0

1.1

5.3

70.8

66.2

63.8

64.1

0.0

0.1

0.5

25 to 34

32,361

33,724

36,670

36,121

1,363

2,946

-549

4.2

8.7

-1.5

22.5

22.0

22.7

21.4

0.4

0.8

-0.2

35 to 44

37,403

32,659

34,320

38,169

-4,744

1,661

3,849

-12.7

5.1

11.2

26.0

21.3

21.3

22.6

-1.3

0.5

1.1

45 to 54

32,025

35,360

31,878

34,002

3,335

-3,482

2,124

10.4

-9.8

6.7

22.3

23.0

19.8

20.1

1.0

-1.0

0.6

55 and older

19,484

30,875

37,648

41,494

11,391

6,773

3,846

58.5

21.9

10.2

13.6

20.1

23.4

24.6

4.7

2.0

1.0

55 to 64

15,103

23,764

27,049

26,041

8,661

3,285

-1,008

57.3

13.8

-3.7

10.5

15.5

16.8

15.4

4.6

1.3

-0.4

65 to 74

3,572

5,778

8,643

11,678

2,206

2,865

3,035

61.8

49.6

35.1

2.5

3.8

5.4

6.9

4.9

4.1

3.1

75 and older

809

1,333

1,956

3,776

524

623

1,820

64.8

46.7

93.0

0.6

0.9

1.2

2.2

5.1

3.9

6.8

 

Men

76,884

81,974

85,504

88,529

5,090

3,530

3,025

6.6

4.3

3.5

53.5

53.4

53.0

52.4

0.6

0.4

0.3

16 to 24

11,709

10,996

10,565

9,521

-713

-431

-1,044

-6.1

-3.9

-9.9

8.1

7.2

6.6

5.6

-0.6

-0.4

-1.0

16 to 19

4,069

2,895

2,986

2,394

-1,174

91

-592

-28.9

3.1

-19.8

2.8

1.9

1.9

1.4

-3.3

0.3

-2.2

20 to 24

7,640

8,101

7,579

7,127

461

-522

-452

6.0

-6.4

-6.0

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.2

0.6

-0.7

-0.6

25 to 54

54,493

54,638

54,818

57,350

145

180

2,532

0.3

0.3

4.6

37.9

35.6

34.0

34.0

0.0

0.0

0.5

25 to 34

17,671

18,469

19,610

18,956

798

1,141

-654

4.5

6.2

-3.3

12.3

12.0

12.2

11.2

0.4

0.6

-0.3

35 to 44

20,018

17,686

18,491

20,741

-2,332

805

2,250

-11.6

4.6

12.2

13.9

11.5

11.5

12.3

-1.2

0.4

1.2

45 to 54

16,804

18,483

16,717

17,653

1,679

-1,766

936

10.0

-9.6

5.6

11.7

12.0

10.4

10.5

1.0

-1.0

0.5

55 and older

10,682

16,340

20,121

21,658

5,658

3,781

1,537

53.0

23.1

7.6

7.4

10.6

12.5

12.8

4.3

2.1

0.7

55 to 64

8,171

12,350

14,216

13,303

4,179

1,866

-913

51.1

15.1

-6.4

5.7

8.0

8.8

7.9

4.2

1.4

-0.7

65 to 74

2,020

3,229

4,787

6,289

1,209

1,558

1,502

59.9

48.3

31.4

1.4

2.1

3.0

3.7

4.8

4.0

2.8

75 and older

491

761

1,118

2,066

270

357

948

55.0

46.9

84.8

0.3

0.5

0.7

1.2

4.5

3.9

6.3

 

Women

66,848

71,641

75,699

80,351

4,793

4,058

4,652

7.2

5.7

6.1

46.5

46.6

47.0

47.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

16 to 24

10,750

10,001

10,122

9,574

-749

121

-548

-7.0

1.2

-5.4

7.5

6.5

6.3

5.7

-0.7

0.1

-0.6

16 to 19

3,833

2,832

2,975

2,482

-1,001

143

-493

-26.1

5.0

-16.6

2.7

1.8

1.8

1.5

-3.0

0.5

-1.8

20 to 24

6,917

7,169

7,147

7,092

252

-22

-55

3.6

-0.3

-0.8

4.8

4.7

4.4

4.2

0.4

0.0

-0.1

25 to 54

47,296

47,105

48,050

50,942

-191

945

2,892

-0.4

2.0

6.0

32.9

30.7

29.8

30.2

0.0

0.2

0.6

25 to 34

14,690

15,255

17,060

17,165

565

1,805

105

3.8

11.8

0.6

10.2

9.9

10.6

10.2

0.4

1.1

0.1

35 to 44

17,385

14,973

15,829

17,428

-2,412

856

1,599

-13.9

5.7

10.1

12.1

9.7

9.8

10.3

-1.5

0.6

1.0

45 to 54

15,221

16,877

15,161

16,349

1,656

-1,716

1,188

10.9

-10.2

7.8

10.6

11.0

9.4

9.7

1.0

-1.1

0.8

55 and older

8,802

14,535

17,527

19,836

5,733

2,992

2,309

65.1

20.6

13.2

6.1

9.5

10.9

11.7

5.1

1.9

1.2

55 to 64

6,932

11,414

12,833

12,738

4,482

1,419

-96

64.7

12.4

-0.7

4.8

7.4

8.0

7.5

5.1

1.2

-0.1

65 to 74

1,552

2,549

3,856

5,389

997

1,307

1,533

64.2

51.3

39.8

1.1

1.7

2.4

3.2

5.1

4.2

3.4

75 and older

318

572

838

1,710

254

266

872

79.9

46.5

104.0

0.2

0.4

0.5

1.0

6.0

3.9

7.4

 

White

119,400

124,581

124,145

126,140

5,181

-436

1,995

4.3

-0.3

1.6

83.1

81.1

77.0

74.7

0.4

0.0

0.2

Men

64,966

67,551

67,037

67,383

2,585

-514

346

4.0

-0.8

0.5

45.2

44.0

41.6

39.9

0.4

-0.1

0.1

Women

54,434

57,030

57,108

58,757

2,596

78

1,649

4.8

0.1

2.9

37.9

37.1

35.4

34.8

0.5

0.0

0.3

 

Black

16,422

17,884

20,484

22,166

1,462

2,600

1,682

8.9

14.5

8.2

11.4

11.6

12.7

13.1

0.9

1.4

0.8

Men

7,649

8,456

9,775

10,448

807

1,319

673

10.6

15.6

6.9

5.3

5.5

6.1

6.2

1.0

1.5

0.7

Women

8,773

9,428

10,709

11,719

655

1,281

1,010

7.5

13.6

9.4

6.1

6.1

6.6

6.9

0.7

1.3

0.9

 

All other groups(1)

7,910

11,150

16,574

20,575

3,240

5,424

4,001

41.0

48.6

24.1

5.5

7.3

10.3

12.2

3.5

4.0

2.2

Men

4,269

5,967

8,692

10,699

1,698

2,725

2,007

39.8

45.7

23.1

3.0

3.9

5.4

6.3

3.4

3.8

2.1

Women

3,641

5,183

7,882

9,876

1,542

2,699

1,994

42.4

52.1

25.3

2.5

3.4

4.9

5.8

3.6

4.3

2.3

 

Hispanic origin

17,327

22,898

29,424

36,375

5,571

6,526

6,952

32.2

28.5

23.6

12.1

14.9

18.3

21.5

2.8

2.5

2.1

Men

10,279

13,574

16,840

20,472

3,295

3,266

3,632

32.1

24.1

21.6

7.2

8.8

10.4

12.1

2.8

2.2

2.0

Women

7,048

9,324

12,584

15,903

2,276

3,260

3,319

32.3

35.0

26.4

4.9

6.1

7.8

9.4

2.8

3.0

2.4

 

Other than Hispanic origin

126,405

130,717

131,773

132,490

4,312

1,056

718

3.4

0.8

0.5

87.9

85.1

81.7

78.5

0.3

0.1

0.1

Men

66,605

68,400

68,674

68,040

1,795

274

-634

2.7

0.4

-0.9

46.3

44.5

42.6

40.3

0.3

0.0

-0.1

Women

59,800

62,317

63,099

64,450

2,517

782

1,351

4.2

1.3

2.1

41.6

40.6

39.1

38.2

0.4

0.1

0.2

 

Age of baby-boomers

37 to 55

47 to 65

57 to 75

67 to 85

Footnotes:
(1) The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the racial categories of (2a) Asian (2b) American Indian and Alaska Native and (2c) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding. Historic data may not match BLS' Current Populations Survey (CPS) due to rounding at different aggregate levels.
Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: September 8, 2022