Labor supply and factors affecting productivity

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Table 4.1 Labor supply and factors affecting productivity, 2004, 2014, 2024, and projected 2034 (Numbers in millions, unless otherwise noted)
Category	2004	2014	2024	2034	Compound annual rate of change, 2004–14	Compound annual rate of change, 2014–24	Compound annual rate of change, 2024–34
Labor supply:
Total population	293.1	319.3	340.3	349.8	0.9	0.6	0.3
Civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and older	223.4	247.9	268.6	283.9	1.0	0.8	0.6
Civilian labor force	147.4	155.9	168.1	173.5	0.6	0.8	0.3
Civilian labor force participation rate (percent)	66.0	62.9	62.6	61.1	-0.5	0.0	-0.2
Civilian household employment	139.2	146.3	161.3	166.3	0.5	1.0	0.3
Nonfarm payroll employment	131.8	138.9	158.0	162.9	0.5	1.3	0.3

Unemployment rate (percent)^[1]	5.5	6.2	4.0	4.1	1.1	-4.2	0.2

Productivity:
Private nonfarm business output per hour, chained 2017 dollars	57.9	67.6	80.0	95.1	1.6	1.7	1.7
Footnotes: ^[1] Unemployment rates calculated and used within the projection model are made with less precise rounded values than those made by the Current Population Survey (CPS). Consequently, they may on occasion differ slightly from what is published by the CPS. Source: Historical data: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Projected data: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: August 28, 2025