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Bureau of Labor Statistics > Employment Projections > Data

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Labor supply and factors affecting productivity

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Table 4.1 Labor supply and factors affecting productivity, 2005, 2015, 2025, and projected 2035 (Numbers in millions, unless otherwise noted)
Category	2005	2015	2025	2035	Compound annual rate of change, 2005–15	Compound annual rate of change, 2015–25	Compound annual rate of change, 2025–35
Labor supply:
Total population	295.9	322.1	341.8	350.9	0.9	0.6	0.3
Civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and older	226.1	250.8	273.7	288.3	1.0	0.9	0.5
Civilian labor force	149.3	157.1	170.9	176.3	0.5	0.8	0.3
Civilian labor force participation rate (percent)	66.0	62.7	62.4	61.1	-0.5	0.0	-0.2
Civilian household employment	141.7	148.8	163.6	169.0	0.5	0.9	0.3
Nonfarm payroll employment	134.0	141.8	158.4	164.2	0.6	1.1	0.4

Unemployment rate (percent)	5.1	5.3	4.3	4.1	0.4	-2.1	-0.4

Productivity:
Private nonfarm business output per hour (chained 2017 dollars)	59.1	68.5	82.3	100.7	1.5	1.8	2.0
Note: Due to differences in methodology, the civilian labor force and unemployment rate that are calculated and used within the projection model may differ slightly from what is published by the Current Population Survey program. Historical data are from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Last modified date: August 27, 2026