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Productivity
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Articles and Research
- Artificial Intelligence and Productivity
- Remote Work and Productivity
- Dispersion Statistics on Productivity
- Retail Transformation Through Experimental Measures
- Experimental Labor Composition for Detailed Industries
- BEA-BLS Integrated Industry-level Production Accounts (KLEMS)
- Productivity Research Program
- Previous Research
Most Viewed Productivity Publications
The rise in remote work since the pandemic and its impact on productivity
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about dramatic changes in the work environment. Although 6.5 percent of workers in the private business sector worked primarily from home in 2019, the pandemic was the start of a massive experiment in full-time remote work for most workers and firms. People often ask: are workers more productive or less productive when working from home? read more »
GDP, GDI, and GDO: an evaluation of output measures for productivity analysis
This article compares the relative attributes of the three output measures, GDP, GDI, and GDO, with respect to their usage for labor productivity analysis and provides a methodology for how alternative measures of labor productivity can be computed by using GDI and GDO. read more »
A “tail” of productivity in pet care services: new technology enables rapid growth
This Beyond the Numbers article uses new labor productivity and related data series from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics productivity program to examine how pet ownership trends are changing. Productivity data for the pet care services industry show trends such as increased pet ownership; younger pet owners choosing to pay more for individualized, quality pet care; and “pet tech” bringing the gig economy to pet owners and integrating technology into how they care for their pets. read more »
The U.S. productivity slowdown: an economy-wide and industry-level analysis
Labor productivity rates have remained below average since 2005. read more »
Estimating the U.S. labor share
This article reviews the BLS labor share methodology, discusses the uses and limitations of the BLS labor share measure, and suggests ways that BLS might improve the measure. read more »
Date last modified: July 8, 2026
Articles
Labor Productivity
Articles analyzing changes in output per hours worked—a measure of economic performance and efficiency—in broad sectors of the U.S. economy and detailed industries, over business cycles and longer-term periods.
Total Factor Productivity
Articles analyzing changes in output per combined input of labor and capital—a measure of economic performance and efficiency—in broad sectors of the U.S. economy and detailed industries, over business cycles and longer-term periods.
Wage Gap and Labor Share
Articles analyzing the gap between labor compensation growth and labor productivity growth and the related labor share measure.
Concepts and Measurement
Articles detailing the BLS methodology for the estimation of productivity and related measures and the history of the BLS productivity program.
Research
Artificial Intelligence and Productivity
The Artificial Intelligence and Productivity homepage details the research and data used to explore AI, productivity, and related measures.
Remote Work and Productivity Growth
The Remote Work and Productivity Growth homepage details the BLS research and data used to explore the relationship between remote work and productivity growth.
Dispersion Statistics on Productivity
The Dispersion Statistics on Productivity homepage details the BLS research and data on the phenomenon of productivity dispersion, which is pervasive and exhibits substantial variation across countries, industries, and time.
Retail Transformation Through Experimental Measures
The Retail Transformation Through Experimental Measures homepage introduces three experimental measures for retail trade industries in response to the recommendations of the 2021 report on A Satellite Account to Measure the Retail Transformation from the Committee on National Statistics (CNStat). These new measures include gross margin productivity, monthly output, and an expanded retail sector.
Experimental Labor Composition for Detailed Industries
The Experimental Labor Composition for Detailed Industries homepage introduces experimental measures of labor composition at the detailed industry level. By accounting for the varying degrees of skill in the workforce, these experimental measures incorporate the demographic characteristics of workers and their wages into estimates of labor input and total factor productivity.
BEA-BLS Integrated Industry-level Production Accounts (KLEMS)
Two of the most important statistical tools for analysis of macroeconomics and growth are the national accounts (encompassing gross domestic product, or GDP) and the total factor productivity (TFP) statistics, which measure output per unit of combined inputs. Although they share a common accounting framework, in the United States these statistics are compiled by separate agencies—the national accounts by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the productivity statistics by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This project focuses on integrating the national accounts.
BLS Productivity Research Program
The Division of Productivity Research and Program Development (DPRPD) is part of the Productivity Program at BLS and is tasked with strengthening and improving Bureau productivity measures and on understanding the sources and effects of productivity and technical change.
Previous Research
View previous research that is no longer being updated by the Productivity program.