Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics

May 2020 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing


These national industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates are calculated with data collected from employers of all sizes, in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in every state and the District of Columbia, in NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing.

Additional information, including the hourly and annual 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentile wages, is available in the downloadable XLS files.

NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing is part of: Sectors 31, 32, and 33 - Manufacturing.

Industries within NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing

Links to OEWS estimates for other industries

SOC Major Groups in NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing:

To sort this table by a different column, click on the column header


NAICS 315000 - Apparel Manufacturing

Occupation code Occupation title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) Level Employment Employment RSE Percent of total employment Median hourly wage Mean hourly wage Annual mean wage Mean wage RSE
00-0000 All Occupations total 91,890 1.8% 100.00% $14.83 $20.31 $42,240 1.8%
11-0000 Management Occupations major 4,480 7.6% 4.88% $49.67 $61.48 $127,890 3.9%
11-1000 Top Executives minor 2,450 12.3% 2.67% $39.67 $57.32 $119,220 6.8%
11-1011 Chief Executives detail 130 15.6% 0.14% (5) $124.84 $259,660 7.7%
11-1021 General and Operations Managers detail 2,320 12.9% 2.52% $37.92 $53.44 $111,160 7.2%
11-2000 Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers minor 530 8.9% 0.58% $66.29 $74.37 $154,690 4.1%
11-2020 Marketing and Sales Managers broad 510 9.1% 0.56% $66.29 $73.92 $153,740 4.2%
11-2021 Marketing Managers detail 160 12.8% 0.17% $64.55 $73.59 $153,070 9.2%
11-2022 Sales Managers detail 350 10.0% 0.38% $67.15 $74.06 $154,050 4.1%
11-3000 Operations Specialties Managers minor 1,410 5.7% 1.54% $56.94 $63.62 $132,320 2.9%
11-3010 Administrative Services and Facilities Managers broad 60 15.8% 0.07% $53.07 $61.65 $128,220 12.4%
11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers detail 110 9.8% 0.12% $71.10 $75.31 $156,650 5.4%
11-3031 Financial Managers detail 270 11.7% 0.29% $75.04 $83.80 $174,300 6.0%
11-3051 Industrial Production Managers detail 630 5.9% 0.68% $48.53 $52.26 $108,700 2.5%
11-3061 Purchasing Managers detail 110 12.8% 0.12% (8) (8) (8) (8)
11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers detail 130 17.3% 0.14% $50.24 $54.27 $112,890 3.9%
11-3121 Human Resources Managers detail 100 9.7% 0.11% $56.11 $62.56 $130,130 6.2%
11-9000 Other Management Occupations minor 90 13.5% 0.09% $57.87 $65.19 $135,600 5.4%
11-9198 Personal Service Managers, All Other; Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling; and Managers, All Other detail 70 15.8% 0.08% $57.13 $65.35 $135,920 6.1%
13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations major 2,740 6.3% 2.99% $32.73 $34.34 $71,420 1.9%
13-1000 Business Operations Specialists minor 2,210 6.5% 2.41% $31.37 $33.14 $68,920 2.2%
13-1020 Buyers and Purchasing Agents broad 530 10.5% 0.57% $31.51 $33.78 $70,260 3.6%
13-1041 Compliance Officers detail 140 17.8% 0.16% $28.81 $30.90 $64,270 5.9%
13-1051 Cost Estimators detail 50 26.7% 0.05% $29.02 $30.07 $62,540 9.2%
13-1070 Human Resources Workers broad 290 9.9% 0.31% $30.73 $31.21 $64,920 2.7%
13-1071 Human Resources Specialists detail 280 9.7% 0.31% $30.60 $31.13 $64,740 2.6%
13-1081 Logisticians detail 140 12.5% 0.16% $37.47 $38.04 $79,120 2.5%
13-1111 Management Analysts detail 60 23.5% 0.06% $43.59 $44.32 $92,190 4.1%
13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners detail (8) (8) (8) $20.35 $21.72 $45,170 7.5%
13-1151 Training and Development Specialists detail 80 11.6% 0.09% $18.85 $23.15 $48,140 5.0%
13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists detail 470 8.8% 0.52% $28.03 $29.40 $61,160 2.7%
13-1198 Project Management Specialists and Business Operations Specialists, All Other detail 420 16.4% 0.46% $36.66 $38.57 $80,220 4.3%
13-2000 Financial Specialists minor 530 8.3% 0.58% $36.98 $39.37 $81,880 2.8%
13-2011 Accountants and Auditors detail 490 8.7% 0.54% $36.95 $39.48 $82,110 3.0%
15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations major 740 7.5% 0.81% $37.29 $39.94 $83,070 3.5%
15-1200 Computer Occupations minor 730 7.6% 0.80% $37.68 $40.17 $83,550 3.5%
15-1210 Computer and Information Analysts broad 60 14.9% 0.06% $39.77 $41.35 $86,000 7.3%
15-1211 Computer Systems Analysts detail 60 15.1% 0.06% $38.36 $40.42 $84,080 7.2%
15-1230 Computer Support Specialists broad 180 10.8% 0.19% $26.72 $27.59 $57,390 3.8%
15-1232 Computer User Support Specialists detail 160 10.6% 0.18% $26.27 $26.70 $55,540 3.3%
15-1240 Database and Network Administrators and Architects broad 230 9.4% 0.25% $44.68 $44.76 $93,110 3.4%
15-1244 Network and Computer Systems Administrators detail 160 12.2% 0.18% $44.38 $43.85 $91,220 4.0%
15-1245 Database Administrators and Architects detail 50 20.9% 0.05% $45.84 $47.65 $99,100 5.4%
15-1250 Software and Web Developers, Programmers, and Testers broad 250 13.4% 0.27% $42.37 $44.76 $93,090 6.9%
15-1251 Computer Programmers detail 70 25.8% 0.07% (8) (8) (8) (8)
15-1256 Software Developers and Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers detail 70 14.6% 0.07% $49.67 $49.59 $103,140 4.4%
15-1257 Web Developers and Digital Interface Designers detail 120 20.0% 0.13% $36.19 $35.43 $73,690 3.9%
17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations major 230 10.9% 0.25% $33.29 $37.76 $78,550 3.8%
17-2000 Engineers minor 160 11.8% 0.17% $39.14 $42.87 $89,170 4.1%
17-2110 Industrial Engineers, Including Health and Safety broad 100 9.0% 0.11% $37.25 $38.91 $80,920 2.8%
17-2112 Industrial Engineers detail 100 9.0% 0.11% $37.25 $38.91 $80,920 2.8%
17-2199 Engineers, All Other detail 40 26.9% 0.05% (8) (8) (8) (8)
17-3000 Drafters, Engineering Technicians, and Mapping Technicians minor 70 18.3% 0.08% $26.11 $26.34 $54,790 5.3%
17-3010 Drafters broad 50 23.1% 0.06% $26.39 $26.37 $54,840 6.3%
17-3019 Drafters, All Other detail 30 33.8% 0.04% $26.20 $24.74 $51,450 9.0%
19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations major 50 28.9% 0.05% $23.67 $30.39 $63,210 13.2%
27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations major 3,360 8.2% 3.65% $32.09 $38.51 $80,100 3.5%
27-1000 Art and Design Workers minor 3,240 8.1% 3.52% $32.16 $38.62 $80,330 3.7%
27-1010 Artists and Related Workers broad 160 14.0% 0.17% $62.08 $70.21 $146,040 6.2%
27-1011 Art Directors detail 160 14.1% 0.17% $62.38 $70.59 $146,820 6.2%
27-1020 Designers broad 3,080 8.3% 3.35% $31.18 $36.98 $76,910 3.9%
27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers detail 130 28.3% 0.14% $34.46 $35.88 $74,630 5.4%
27-1022 Fashion Designers detail 1,760 9.3% 1.91% $36.12 $43.42 $90,300 4.9%
27-1024 Graphic Designers detail 950 10.0% 1.03% $24.65 $27.94 $58,110 3.2%
27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers detail 210 26.6% 0.23% $21.27 $25.64 $53,330 12.2%
27-1029 Designers, All Other detail 30 45.1% 0.04% $25.29 $31.55 $65,620 20.0%
27-3000 Media and Communication Workers minor 100 27.4% 0.11% $30.70 $36.00 $74,880 10.8%
27-3031 Public Relations Specialists detail 60 38.4% 0.07% $30.83 $37.65 $78,320 16.2%
33-0000 Protective Service Occupations major 70 24.2% 0.08% $15.03 $16.35 $34,010 3.8%
33-9000 Other Protective Service Workers minor 70 24.6% 0.08% $14.97 $16.12 $33,540 3.9%
33-9030 Security Guards and Gambling Surveillance Officers broad 70 24.6% 0.08% $14.97 $16.12 $33,540 3.9%
33-9032 Security Guards detail 70 24.6% 0.08% $14.97 $16.12 $33,540 3.9%
37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations major 360 8.9% 0.40% $13.51 $13.89 $28,890 2.0%
37-2000 Building Cleaning and Pest Control Workers minor 360 8.9% 0.39% $13.51 $13.88 $28,860 2.0%
37-2010 Building Cleaning Workers broad 360 8.9% 0.39% $13.51 $13.88 $28,860 2.0%
37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners detail 360 9.0% 0.39% $13.51 $13.88 $28,860 2.1%
41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations major 3,890 6.6% 4.23% $23.78 $29.98 $62,360 3.7%
41-1010 First-Line Supervisors of Sales Workers broad 200 14.1% 0.22% $30.74 $34.12 $70,970 5.0%
41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers detail 110 23.2% 0.12% $23.93 $26.11 $54,320 5.1%
41-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers detail 90 17.7% 0.10% $39.88 $44.40 $92,350 4.3%
41-2000 Retail Sales Workers minor 1,130 16.6% 1.23% $15.01 $16.42 $34,150 3.4%
41-2010 Cashiers broad 50 25.7% 0.05% $10.89 $11.95 $24,860 8.6%
41-2011 Cashiers detail 50 25.7% 0.05% $10.89 $11.95 $24,860 8.6%
41-2031 Retail Salespersons detail 1,080 17.2% 1.18% $15.13 $16.61 $34,550 3.3%
41-4010 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing broad 2,380 7.6% 2.59% $31.11 $36.30 $75,510 4.1%
41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products detail (8) (8) (8) $34.36 $35.84 $74,550 6.4%
41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products detail 2,340 7.6% 2.55% $30.92 $36.31 $75,530 4.1%
41-9000 Other Sales and Related Workers minor 180 36.4% 0.19% $25.03 $27.01 $56,180 8.6%
41-9090 Miscellaneous Sales and Related Workers broad 170 37.7% 0.19% $25.16 $27.04 $56,240 9.2%
41-9099 Sales and Related Workers, All Other detail 170 37.7% 0.19% $25.16 $27.04 $56,240 9.2%
43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations major 11,100 4.6% 12.08% $18.07 $19.98 $41,550 1.2%
43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers detail 750 8.4% 0.82% $31.19 $31.83 $66,210 2.0%
43-3000 Financial Clerks minor 1,880 14.7% 2.05% $19.73 $20.53 $42,710 3.1%
43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors detail 80 21.4% 0.09% $19.22 $20.36 $42,350 4.1%
43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks detail (8) (8) (8) $16.50 $18.40 $38,260 3.3%
43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks detail 1,120 15.1% 1.21% $20.77 $21.51 $44,750 3.8%
43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks detail 90 11.1% 0.10% $22.95 $22.83 $47,500 3.0%
43-3061 Procurement Clerks detail 120 24.0% 0.13% $16.87 $18.13 $37,700 3.8%
43-4000 Information and Record Clerks minor 2,680 8.0% 2.91% $17.96 $19.40 $40,360 2.3%
43-4051 Customer Service Representatives detail 2,030 9.1% 2.21% $18.25 $19.93 $41,460 2.7%
43-4151 Order Clerks detail (8) (8) (8) $17.09 $18.10 $37,650 4.8%
43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping detail 50 15.8% 0.05% $20.71 $21.29 $44,290 3.8%
43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks detail 180 16.1% 0.19% $15.26 $15.77 $32,790 3.1%
43-5000 Material Recording, Scheduling, Dispatching, and Distributing Workers minor 3,630 4.7% 3.95% $16.34 $18.01 $37,470 1.3%
43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks detail 1,060 6.5% 1.15% $22.05 $22.82 $47,470 2.0%
43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks detail 2,430 5.8% 2.65% $15.15 $16.04 $33,370 1.3%
43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping detail (8) (8) (8) $14.95 $16.13 $33,540 3.5%
43-6010 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants broad 770 14.8% 0.84% $21.79 $22.88 $47,580 4.2%
43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants detail 120 14.8% 0.13% $35.83 $34.89 $72,570 5.0%
43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive detail 650 17.1% 0.71% $20.34 $20.70 $43,050 5.4%
43-9000 Other Office and Administrative Support Workers minor 1,390 6.6% 1.51% $16.52 $17.45 $36,300 1.6%
43-9020 Data Entry and Information Processing Workers broad 100 19.0% 0.11% $18.62 $18.39 $38,250 3.3%
43-9021 Data Entry Keyers detail 100 19.0% 0.11% $18.62 $18.39 $38,250 3.3%
43-9061 Office Clerks, General detail 1,270 7.0% 1.38% $16.36 $17.37 $36,130 1.7%
49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations major 1,750 6.8% 1.90% $20.15 $21.57 $44,870 1.6%
49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers detail 80 12.0% 0.08% $35.67 $36.31 $75,520 2.2%
49-9000 Other Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations minor 1,660 6.9% 1.81% $19.66 $20.87 $43,400 1.6%
49-9040 Industrial Machinery Installation, Repair, and Maintenance Workers broad 1,040 9.2% 1.13% $20.25 $21.33 $44,360 2.0%
49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics detail 390 9.7% 0.42% $20.96 $21.94 $45,640 2.5%
49-9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery detail 650 12.9% 0.71% $19.89 $20.95 $43,590 2.8%
49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General detail 560 9.2% 0.61% $18.44 $19.73 $41,040 2.6%
49-9090 Miscellaneous Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers broad 50 23.1% 0.06% $20.04 $22.94 $47,720 10.6%
51-0000 Production Occupations major 55,690 2.7% 60.60% $13.59 $15.01 $31,230 1.0%
51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers detail 2,710 6.3% 2.95% $24.94 $25.83 $53,730 1.5%
51-2000 Assemblers and Fabricators minor 410 16.4% 0.45% $13.58 $14.70 $30,570 3.5%
51-2090 Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators broad 410 16.5% 0.45% $13.57 $14.70 $30,580 3.5%
51-4000 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers minor 40 41.7% 0.04% $19.53 $19.56 $40,680 17.1%
51-5110 Printing Workers broad 1,040 27.9% 1.14% $14.64 $16.16 $33,610 4.3%
51-5112 Printing Press Operators detail 1,030 28.2% 1.12% $14.66 $16.18 $33,660 4.4%
51-6000 Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers minor 44,650 2.9% 48.59% $13.28 $14.23 $29,610 1.0%
51-6011 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers detail 90 15.3% 0.10% $13.81 $13.65 $28,380 2.9%
51-6021 Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials detail 1,540 12.4% 1.68% $13.02 $12.93 $26,900 1.7%
51-6031 Sewing Machine Operators detail 33,080 3.4% 36.00% $13.02 $13.42 $27,910 0.9%
51-6040 Shoe and Leather Workers broad 130 31.2% 0.14% $15.17 $15.34 $31,910 3.1%
51-6041 Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers detail 130 31.2% 0.14% $15.17 $15.34 $31,910 3.1%
51-6050 Tailors, Dressmakers, and Sewers broad 1,920 14.8% 2.09% $15.38 $17.30 $35,990 5.9%
51-6051 Sewers, Hand detail 610 29.3% 0.66% $14.48 $14.75 $30,680 4.4%
51-6052 Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers detail 1,320 17.3% 1.44% $16.46 $18.48 $38,430 7.7%
51-6060 Textile Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders broad 4,440 5.6% 4.83% $13.83 $14.39 $29,930 1.4%
51-6061 Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders detail 320 15.1% 0.35% $13.85 $14.31 $29,760 2.1%
51-6062 Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders detail 2,260 7.9% 2.46% $14.19 $14.53 $30,230 1.4%
51-6063 Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders detail 1,730 9.6% 1.88% $13.20 $14.25 $29,640 2.5%
51-6064 Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders detail 130 24.5% 0.14% $13.84 $13.96 $29,030 6.0%
51-6090 Miscellaneous Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers broad 3,440 7.0% 3.75% $15.39 $20.70 $43,050 4.1%
51-6092 Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers detail 1,440 13.6% 1.57% $25.16 $29.17 $60,670 4.3%
51-6099 Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All Other detail 1,990 7.9% 2.17% $13.72 $14.60 $30,370 1.8%
51-9000 Other Production Occupations minor 6,830 6.2% 7.44% $14.13 $15.62 $32,490 1.6%
51-9020 Crushing, Grinding, Polishing, Mixing, and Blending Workers broad 50 43.7% 0.05% $15.93 $16.75 $34,840 8.6%
51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders detail 50 43.7% 0.05% $15.93 $16.75 $34,840 8.6%
51-9030 Cutting Workers broad 1,570 14.7% 1.70% $13.86 $14.74 $30,650 2.7%
51-9031 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand detail 1,460 15.6% 1.59% $13.67 $14.65 $30,460 2.9%
51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders detail 100 30.2% 0.11% $16.15 $16.05 $33,380 3.9%
51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers detail 3,110 6.4% 3.38% $14.40 $16.49 $34,310 2.2%
51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders detail 590 22.1% 0.64% $14.10 $14.39 $29,920 3.3%
51-9190 Miscellaneous Production Workers broad 1,430 9.8% 1.56% $13.84 $14.91 $31,010 2.7%
51-9191 Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders detail 150 25.5% 0.16% $13.72 $15.91 $33,100 7.7%
51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers detail 720 13.8% 0.78% $13.94 $14.75 $30,680 3.4%
51-9199 Production Workers, All Other detail 560 17.9% 0.61% $13.72 $14.84 $30,860 4.1%
53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations major 7,370 6.0% 8.02% $14.00 $14.86 $30,900 1.6%
53-1040 First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material Moving Workers broad 370 9.1% 0.40% $26.03 $25.73 $53,520 2.9%
53-1047 First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material Moving Workers, Except Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors detail 370 9.1% 0.40% $26.03 $25.73 $53,520 2.9%
53-3000 Motor Vehicle Operators minor 170 13.5% 0.18% $16.34 $17.60 $36,610 4.5%
53-3030 Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers broad 170 13.8% 0.18% $16.46 $17.72 $36,850 4.5%
53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers detail 40 10.7% 0.04% $20.41 $19.78 $41,130 4.8%
53-3033 Light Truck Drivers detail 100 15.4% 0.11% $16.97 $18.64 $38,770 4.3%
53-7000 Material Moving Workers minor 6,840 6.1% 7.44% $13.80 $14.20 $29,540 1.5%
53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators detail 360 15.4% 0.39% $15.70 $16.18 $33,650 3.1%
53-7060 Laborers and Material Movers broad 6,400 6.0% 6.97% $13.70 $14.09 $29,310 1.5%
53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand detail 1,790 8.6% 1.95% $14.05 $14.33 $29,810 2.0%
53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers detail 100 13.3% 0.11% $13.02 $13.13 $27,320 6.2%
53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand detail 2,800 8.3% 3.05% $13.03 $13.62 $28,320 2.2%
53-7065 Stockers and Order Fillers detail 1,690 10.1% 1.84% $14.18 $14.69 $30,560 2.1%
53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other detail (8) (8) (8) $14.47 $14.34 $29,830 5.9%


About May 2020 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.

(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.

(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.

(5) This wage is equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour or $208,000 per year.

(8) Estimate not released.




Other OEWS estimates and related information:

May 2020 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)

May 2020 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)

May 2020 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)

May 2020 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

May 2020 Occupation Profiles

Technical notes

 

Last Modified Date: March 31, 2021