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Occupational projections and worker characteristics

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Table 1.7 Occupational projections, 2022-2032, and worker characteristics, 2022 (Numbers in thousands)
2022 National Employment Matrix title	2022 National Employment Matrix code	Occupation type	Employment, 2022	Employment, 2032	Employment change, numeric, 2022–32	Employment change, percent, 2022–32	Percent self employed, 2022	Occupational openings, 2022–32 annual average	Median annual wage, dollars, 2023^[1]	Typical education needed for entry	Work experience in a related occupation	Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the occupation
Total, all occupations	00-0000	Summary	164,482.6	169,148.1	4,665.5	2.8	6.0	18,566.5	48,060	—	—	—
Management occupations	11-0000	Summary	12,574.7	13,257.7	683.0	5.4	15.8	1,053.1	116,880	—	—	—
Top executives	11-1000	Summary	3,832.2	3,958.0	125.8	3.3	1.8	315.0	103,460	—	—	—
Chief executives	11-1011	Line item	280.0	257.0	-23.0	-8.2	21.2	15.3	206,680	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
General and operations managers	11-1021	Line item	3,507.8	3,655.1	147.3	4.2	0.3	296.3	101,280	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Legislators	11-1031	Line item	44.4	46.0	1.5	3.4	—	3.4	47,290	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers	11-2000	Summary	1,049.4	1,102.2	52.8	5.0	3.5	85.0	139,850	—	—	—
Advertising and promotions managers	11-2011	Line item	30.9	31.4	0.6	1.9	27.0	2.8	131,870	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Marketing and sales managers	11-2020	Summary	912.9	959.1	46.2	5.1	2.9	74.4	141,780	—	—	—
Marketing managers	11-2021	Line item	358.2	381.9	23.7	6.6	5.3	31.2	157,620	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Sales managers	11-2022	Line item	554.7	577.2	22.5	4.0	1.3	43.2	135,160	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Public relations and fundraising managers	11-2030	Summary	105.7	111.7	6.0	5.7	2.3	7.8	130,480	—	—	—
Public relations managers	11-2032	Line item	72.0	76.3	4.3	5.9	2.3	5.4	134,760	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Fundraising managers	11-2033	Line item	33.7	35.4	1.7	5.1	2.1	2.5	119,200	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Operations specialties managers	11-3000	Summary	2,455.5	2,722.6	267.1	10.9	1.6	205.5	136,170	—	—	—
Administrative services and facilities managers	11-3010	Summary	377.8	397.7	19.9	5.3	0.4	31.4	104,900	—	—	—
Administrative services managers	11-3012	Line item	250.8	264.9	14.0	5.6	—	21.1	106,470	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Facilities managers	11-3013	Line item	127.0	132.8	5.8	4.6	1.2	10.3	102,340	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Computer and information systems managers	11-3021	Line item	557.4	643.3	86.0	15.4	1.2	46.9	169,510	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Financial managers	11-3031	Line item	792.6	919.2	126.6	16.0	2.5	69.6	156,100	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Industrial production managers	11-3051	Line item	222.1	225.7	3.6	1.6	2.3	15.3	116,970	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Purchasing managers	11-3061	Line item	77.5	80.9	3.4	4.4	1.7	6.1	136,380	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	11-3071	Line item	177.7	192.3	14.6	8.2	1.9	15.9	99,200	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	None
Compensation and benefits managers	11-3111	Line item	17.5	17.8	0.4	2.2	—	1.1	136,380	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Human resources managers	11-3121	Line item	191.6	201.6	10.0	5.2	1.4	15.5	136,350	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Training and development managers	11-3131	Line item	41.3	44.0	2.7	6.5	—	3.5	125,040	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Other management occupations	11-9000	Summary	5,237.5	5,474.9	237.4	4.5	35.1	447.6	102,510	—	—	—
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers	11-9013	Line item	922.9	880.6	-42.3	-4.6	67.2	88.8	83,770	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	None
Construction managers	11-9021	Line item	505.8	528.7	22.9	4.5	39.3	38.7	104,900	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Education and childcare administrators	11-9030	Summary	651.0	661.4	10.3	1.6	2.9	44.1	99,940	—	—	—
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare	11-9031	Line item	74.8	72.6	-2.2	-3.0	6.8	4.6	54,290	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary	11-9032	Line item	300.4	303.7	3.3	1.1	1.5	20.2	103,460	Master's degree	5 years or more	None
Education administrators, postsecondary	11-9033	Line item	218.2	225.9	7.7	3.5	2.9	15.3	102,610	Master's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Education administrators, all other	11-9039	Line item	57.6	59.2	1.6	2.8	4.8	4.0	88,460	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Architectural and engineering managers	11-9041	Line item	201.5	209.7	8.2	4.1	0.2	13.6	165,370	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Food service managers	11-9051	Line item	357.5	359.2	1.6	0.5	33.4	39.6	63,060	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Short-term on-the-job training
Entertainment and recreation managers	11-9070	Summary	31.7	34.1	2.3	7.3	7.4	3.7	75,210	—	—	—
Gambling managers	11-9071	Line item	5.3	5.4	0.1	2.6	6.5	0.6	82,380	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling	11-9072	Line item	26.4	28.6	2.2	8.3	7.6	3.1	73,460	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Lodging managers	11-9081	Line item	50.8	54.2	3.4	6.7	17.1	5.4	65,360	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Medical and health services managers	11-9111	Line item	509.5	654.2	144.7	28.4	3.5	54.7	110,680	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Natural sciences managers	11-9121	Line item	86.3	90.5	4.2	4.8	—	6.5	157,740	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Postmasters and mail superintendents	11-9131	Line item	13.0	12.1	-0.9	-6.7	—	0.8	88,670	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Property, real estate, and community association managers	11-9141	Line item	429.6	453.0	23.4	5.4	37.5	35.9	62,850	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Short-term on-the-job training
Social and community service managers	11-9151	Line item	178.4	194.6	16.2	9.1	4.7	16.0	77,030	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Emergency management directors	11-9161	Line item	11.8	12.2	0.4	3.3	—	0.9	83,960	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Personal service managers	11-9170	Summary	59.4	61.2	1.8	3.0	60.1	4.5	64,520	—	—	—
Funeral home managers	11-9171	Line item	36.4	37.2	0.8	2.2	60.9	2.7	75,660	Associate's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Personal service managers, all other	11-9179	Line item	23.1	24.1	1.0	4.3	58.7	1.8	57,570	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Managers, all other	11-9199	Line item	1,228.3	1,269.4	41.0	3.3	52.5	94.4	133,560	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Business and financial operations occupations	13-0000	Summary	10,591.1	11,179.7	588.6	5.6	4.2	911.4	79,050	—	—	—
Business operations specialists	13-1000	Summary	7,267.5	7,683.5	415.9	5.7	3.7	648.2	78,500	—	—	—
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	13-1011	Line item	19.9	21.5	1.6	8.2	33.1	2.1	84,900	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Buyers and purchasing agents	13-1020	Line item	494.4	456.3	-38.0	-7.7	3.4	39.0	71,950	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	13-1030	Summary	342.6	331.9	-10.7	-3.1	1.2	21.5	75,020	—	—	—
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators	13-1031	Line item	329.0	318.7	-10.3	-3.1	1.2	20.6	75,050	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Insurance appraisers, auto damage	13-1032	Line item	13.6	13.3	-0.4	-2.6	1.4	0.9	74,520	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Compliance officers	13-1041	Line item	377.5	394.7	17.2	4.6	0.0	31.0	75,670	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cost estimators	13-1051	Line item	231.4	224.9	-6.5	-2.8	1.2	18.0	74,740	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Human resources workers	13-1070	Summary	940.7	991.6	51.0	5.4	1.3	84.1	69,520	—	—	—
Human resources specialists	13-1071	Line item	874.5	925.9	51.4	5.9	1.3	78.7	67,650	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Farm labor contractors	13-1074	Line item	1.6	1.7	0.1	7.4	—	0.2	45,730	No formal educational credential	Less than 5 years	Short-term on-the-job training
Labor relations specialists	13-1075	Line item	64.6	64.0	-0.5	-0.8	1.4	5.2	89,980	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Logisticians and project management specialists	13-1080	Summary	1,090.0	1,182.9	93.0	8.5	0.7	89.9	94,630	—	—	—
Logisticians	13-1081	Line item	208.7	246.9	38.3	18.3	0.6	21.8	79,400	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Project management specialists	13-1082	Line item	881.3	936.0	54.7	6.2	0.8	68.1	98,580	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Management analysts	13-1111	Line item	987.6	1,083.3	95.7	9.7	14.3	92.9	99,410	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Meeting, convention, and event planners	13-1121	Line item	132.0	141.9	9.9	7.5	3.5	15.2	56,920	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Fundraisers	13-1131	Line item	124.0	130.5	6.5	5.2	2.1	9.9	64,160	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists	13-1141	Line item	98.2	105.1	6.9	7.0	—	7.7	74,530	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Training and development specialists	13-1151	Line item	385.8	409.9	24.2	6.3	0.8	35.4	64,340	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Market research analysts and marketing specialists	13-1161	Line item	868.6	985.2	116.6	13.4	4.6	94.6	74,680	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Business operations specialists, all other	13-1199	Line item	1,174.8	1,223.6	48.7	4.1	2.3	107.0	79,590	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Financial specialists	13-2000	Summary	3,323.6	3,496.2	172.7	5.2	5.2	263.2	80,090	—	—	—
Accountants and auditors	13-2011	Line item	1,538.4	1,605.8	67.4	4.4	4.2	126.5	79,880	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Property appraisers and assessors	13-2020	Line item	77.6	81.1	3.6	4.6	20.0	6.9	61,630	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Budget analysts	13-2031	Line item	51.6	53.3	1.7	3.3	—	3.6	84,940	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Credit analysts	13-2041	Line item	73.0	69.9	-3.2	-4.3	0.4	4.6	79,420	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Financial analysts and advisors	13-2050	Summary	829.1	897.1	68.0	8.2	7.4	61.3	97,450	—	—	—
Financial and investment analysts	13-2051	Line item	317.2	341.4	24.2	7.6	5.6	23.0	99,010	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Personal financial advisors	13-2052	Line item	327.6	369.6	42.0	12.8	12.2	25.6	99,580	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Insurance underwriters	13-2053	Line item	125.5	122.4	-3.0	-2.4	1.6	8.2	77,860	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Financial risk specialists	13-2054	Line item	58.9	63.7	4.8	8.2	2.2	4.4	106,090	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Financial examiners	13-2061	Line item	65.6	78.5	12.8	19.5	—	6.3	84,300	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Credit counselors and loan officers	13-2070	Summary	387.7	399.8	12.2	3.1	1.5	27.7	65,280	—	—	—
Credit counselors	13-2071	Line item	32.8	34.6	1.8	5.4	1.1	2.4	48,570	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Loan officers	13-2072	Line item	354.8	365.3	10.4	2.9	1.6	25.3	69,990	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents	13-2080	Summary	164.6	166.5	1.9	1.2	14.5	16.5	54,080	—	—	—
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents	13-2081	Line item	55.0	55.4	0.3	0.6	2.0	4.1	58,530	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tax preparers	13-2082	Line item	109.5	111.1	1.6	1.5	20.8	12.4	49,010	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Financial specialists, all other	13-2099	Line item	136.0	144.2	8.3	6.1	1.6	9.9	78,310	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Computer and mathematical occupations	15-0000	Summary	5,277.6	6,081.4	803.8	15.2	2.1	411.0	104,200	—	—	—
Computer occupations	15-1200	Summary	4,929.1	5,631.0	701.9	14.2	2.2	377.5	104,420	—	—	—
Computer and information analysts	15-1210	Summary	700.3	804.7	104.4	14.9	1.8	54.3	105,830	—	—	—
Computer systems analysts	15-1211	Line item	531.4	582.6	51.1	9.6	2.2	37.6	103,800	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Information security analysts	15-1212	Line item	168.9	222.2	53.2	31.5	0.5	16.8	120,360	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Computer and information research scientists	15-1221	Line item	36.5	44.8	8.3	22.7	—	3.4	145,080	Master's degree	None	None
Computer support specialists	15-1230	Summary	914.1	963.3	49.2	5.4	2.0	66.5	60,810	—	—	—
Computer network support specialists	15-1231	Line item	177.9	190.4	12.5	7.0	1.9	13.3	71,530	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Computer user support specialists	15-1232	Line item	736.2	772.9	36.8	5.0	2.0	53.2	59,240	Some college, no degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Database and network administrators and architects	15-1240	Summary	669.4	696.4	27.0	4.0	0.4	40.2	105,720	—	—	—
Computer network architects	15-1241	Line item	180.2	186.6	6.3	3.5	1.4	10.2	129,840	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Database administrators	15-1242	Line item	85.2	91.2	6.0	7.0	—	5.7	101,510	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Database architects	15-1243	Line item	64.0	70.4	6.4	10.0	—	4.5	134,700	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Network and computer systems administrators	15-1244	Line item	339.9	348.2	8.3	2.5	—	19.8	95,360	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Software and web developers, programmers, and testers	15-1250	Summary	2,159.4	2,628.6	469.2	21.7	2.7	179.5	127,120	—	—	—
Computer programmers	15-1251	Line item	147.4	130.8	-16.6	-11.2	7.1	6.7	99,700	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Software developers	15-1252	Line item	1,594.5	2,004.9	410.4	25.7	1.6	136.3	132,270	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Software quality assurance analysts and testers	15-1253	Line item	200.8	241.6	40.8	20.3	—	17.5	101,800	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Web developers	15-1254	Line item	98.8	115.5	16.7	17.0	6.6	8.3	84,960	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Web and digital interface designers	15-1255	Line item	117.9	135.8	17.9	15.2	13.1	10.7	98,540	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Computer occupations, all other	15-1299	Line item	449.4	493.1	43.8	9.7	3.2	33.5	104,920	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Mathematical science occupations	15-2000	Summary	348.5	450.4	101.9	29.2	0.7	33.5	101,460	—	—	—
Actuaries	15-2011	Line item	30.0	36.9	7.0	23.2	—	2.3	120,000	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Mathematicians	15-2021	Line item	2.3	2.3	0.1	2.2	—	0.1	116,440	Master's degree	None	None
Operations research analysts	15-2031	Line item	109.9	134.7	24.7	22.5	0.3	9.8	83,640	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Statisticians	15-2041	Line item	33.3	43.9	10.5	31.6	0.8	3.3	104,110	Master's degree	None	None
Data scientists	15-2051	Line item	168.9	228.2	59.4	35.2	1.1	17.7	108,020	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Mathematical science occupations, all other	15-2099	Line item	4.1	4.4	0.3	6.2	—	0.3	70,620	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Architecture and engineering occupations	17-0000	Summary	2,611.8	2,746.8	134.9	5.2	2.8	188.0	91,420	—	—	—
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers	17-1000	Summary	212.2	221.3	9.2	4.3	11.1	14.5	80,850	—	—	—
Architects, except naval	17-1010	Summary	147.3	153.5	6.2	4.2	14.2	10.0	85,800	—	—	—
Architects, except landscape and naval	17-1011	Line item	123.7	129.7	6.0	4.8	12.6	8.2	93,310	Bachelor's degree	None	Internship/residency
Landscape architects	17-1012	Line item	23.6	23.8	0.2	0.7	23.0	1.8	79,320	Bachelor's degree	None	Internship/residency
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	17-1020	Summary	64.8	67.8	3.0	4.7	4.1	4.4	70,810	—	—	—
Cartographers and photogrammetrists	17-1021	Line item	14.0	14.7	0.7	5.0	2.8	1.0	76,210	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Surveyors	17-1022	Line item	50.8	53.1	2.3	4.6	4.5	3.5	68,540	Bachelor's degree	None	Internship/residency
Engineers	17-2000	Summary	1,736.1	1,856.6	120.5	6.9	2.0	111.4	102,660	—	—	—
Aerospace engineers	17-2011	Line item	63.8	67.7	3.9	6.1	—	3.8	130,720	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Agricultural engineers	17-2021	Line item	1.6	1.7	0.1	6.3	—	0.1	88,750	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers	17-2031	Line item	19.7	20.7	1.0	5.1	—	1.2	100,730	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Chemical engineers	17-2041	Line item	20.8	22.5	1.7	8.1	—	1.3	112,100	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Civil engineers	17-2051	Line item	326.3	342.5	16.2	5.0	3.5	21.2	95,890	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Computer hardware engineers	17-2061	Line item	78.1	81.6	3.6	4.6	1.9	4.6	138,080	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Electrical and electronics engineers	17-2070	Summary	299.7	315.5	15.8	5.3	1.7	17.8	109,010	—	—	—
Electrical engineers	17-2071	Line item	188.8	196.6	7.9	4.2	1.7	11.0	106,950	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Electronics engineers, except computer	17-2072	Line item	110.9	118.9	7.9	7.2	1.6	6.9	119,200	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Environmental engineers	17-2081	Line item	47.3	50.2	2.9	6.1	1.4	3.4	100,090	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Industrial engineers, including health and safety	17-2110	Summary	349.3	388.5	39.2	11.2	0.0	24.1	99,500	—	—	—
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors	17-2111	Line item	22.0	22.8	0.8	3.7	—	1.3	103,690	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Industrial engineers	17-2112	Line item	327.3	365.7	38.4	11.7	0.0	22.8	99,380	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Marine engineers and naval architects	17-2121	Line item	8.0	8.1	0.1	0.7	4.5	0.4	100,270	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Materials engineers	17-2131	Line item	22.3	23.5	1.1	5.1	1.2	1.5	104,100	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Mechanical engineers	17-2141	Line item	286.1	314.7	28.5	10.0	1.0	19.2	99,510	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	17-2151	Line item	7.5	7.6	0.0	0.3	—	0.4	100,640	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Nuclear engineers	17-2161	Line item	13.8	13.9	0.1	1.1	7.4	0.8	125,460	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Petroleum engineers	17-2171	Line item	21.4	21.9	0.5	2.5	—	1.2	135,690	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Engineers, all other	17-2199	Line item	170.3	176.0	5.7	3.3	7.0	10.4	111,970	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians	17-3000	Summary	663.6	668.8	5.2	0.8	2.2	62.1	63,100	—	—	—
Drafters	17-3010	Summary	197.3	193.0	-4.3	-2.2	1.5	16.6	62,530	—	—	—
Architectural and civil drafters	17-3011	Line item	107.1	107.7	0.6	0.6	0.2	10.0	61,820	Associate's degree	None	None
Electrical and electronics drafters	17-3012	Line item	21.8	22.0	0.2	0.9	2.9	1.8	69,260	Associate's degree	None	None
Mechanical drafters	17-3013	Line item	49.6	46.0	-3.6	-7.2	3.0	3.5	64,060	Associate's degree	None	None
Drafters, all other	17-3019	Line item	18.7	17.3	-1.5	-7.8	2.9	1.3	59,260	Associate's degree	None	None
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters	17-3020	Summary	402.1	409.5	7.3	1.8	1.4	37.8	64,840	—	—	—
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians	17-3021	Line item	10.2	11.0	0.8	8.3	1.7	1.0	77,830	Associate's degree	None	None
Civil engineering technologists and technicians	17-3022	Line item	64.8	65.4	0.6	0.9	1.0	5.9	60,700	Associate's degree	None	None
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians	17-3023	Line item	102.5	103.3	0.8	0.8	1.1	9.9	72,800	Associate's degree	None	None
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians	17-3024	Line item	15.2	14.8	-0.4	-2.7	1.7	1.3	65,080	Associate's degree	None	None
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians	17-3025	Line item	13.9	14.1	0.2	1.3	1.5	1.3	54,000	Associate's degree	None	None
Industrial engineering technologists and technicians	17-3026	Line item	69.1	71.3	2.2	3.2	1.7	6.5	62,610	Associate's degree	None	None
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians	17-3027	Line item	41.1	41.4	0.3	0.6	1.7	3.7	64,020	Associate's degree	None	None
Calibration technologists and technicians	17-3028	Line item	11.3	11.8	0.5	4.4	1.7	1.1	62,790	Associate's degree	None	None
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other	17-3029	Line item	74.1	76.4	2.3	3.1	1.3	7.0	73,500	Associate's degree	None	None
Surveying and mapping technicians	17-3031	Line item	64.2	66.3	2.1	3.3	10.1	7.8	48,940	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Life, physical, and social science occupations	19-0000	Summary	1,473.7	1,563.2	89.5	6.1	5.2	136.8	78,280	—	—	—
Life scientists	19-1000	Summary	344.4	368.8	24.5	7.1	1.0	25.4	88,620	—	—	—
Agricultural and food scientists	19-1010	Summary	35.4	37.5	2.1	6.0	1.6	3.0	76,400	—	—	—
Animal scientists	19-1011	Line item	2.8	2.9	0.2	5.7	—	0.2	70,140	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Food scientists and technologists	19-1012	Line item	15.3	16.5	1.1	7.5	1.9	1.3	82,090	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Soil and plant scientists	19-1013	Line item	17.2	18.1	0.8	4.7	1.4	1.4	68,240	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Biological scientists	19-1020	Summary	135.0	141.3	6.3	4.7	1.2	10.6	91,790	—	—	—
Biochemists and biophysicists	19-1021	Line item	34.5	36.8	2.3	6.7	1.7	2.8	107,460	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Microbiologists	19-1022	Line item	20.9	22.0	1.1	5.2	1.3	1.7	85,470	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Zoologists and wildlife biologists	19-1023	Line item	19.1	19.7	0.6	3.0	0.5	1.5	70,600	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Biological scientists, all other	19-1029	Line item	60.4	62.7	2.3	3.9	1.0	4.7	91,100	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Conservation scientists and foresters	19-1030	Summary	36.0	37.3	1.3	3.5	0.7	3.0	68,300	—	—	—
Conservation scientists	19-1031	Line item	24.7	25.7	1.0	4.1	0.6	2.1	68,750	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Foresters	19-1032	Line item	11.3	11.6	0.3	2.4	0.9	0.9	67,330	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Medical scientists	19-1040	Summary	129.1	143.4	14.3	11.1	0.9	8.3	99,980	—	—	—
Epidemiologists	19-1041	Line item	10.0	12.7	2.7	26.7	—	0.8	81,390	Master's degree	None	None
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists	19-1042	Line item	119.0	130.7	11.6	9.8	0.9	7.5	100,890	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Life scientists, all other	19-1099	Line item	9.0	9.4	0.5	5.2	0.8	0.5	86,950	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Physical scientists	19-2000	Summary	267.8	282.1	14.2	5.3	1.9	21.0	89,350	—	—	—
Astronomers and physicists	19-2010	Summary	23.6	24.7	1.1	4.7	5.1	1.5	149,530	—	—	—
Astronomers	19-2011	Line item	2.4	2.6	0.1	4.6	4.2	0.2	127,930	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Physicists	19-2012	Line item	21.1	22.1	1.0	4.7	5.2	1.4	155,680	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Atmospheric and space scientists	19-2021	Line item	10.5	11.0	0.5	4.4	—	0.9	92,860	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Chemists and materials scientists	19-2030	Summary	95.0	100.8	5.8	6.1	—	7.2	87,180	—	—	—
Chemists	19-2031	Line item	87.1	92.5	5.4	6.2	—	6.6	84,680	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Materials scientists	19-2032	Line item	7.9	8.3	0.4	5.1	—	0.6	106,160	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Environmental scientists and geoscientists	19-2040	Summary	113.3	119.6	6.3	5.6	0.1	9.6	81,360	—	—	—
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health	19-2041	Line item	80.5	85.3	4.9	6.1	—	6.9	78,980	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers	19-2042	Line item	26.3	27.6	1.3	5.1	0.3	2.2	92,580	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Hydrologists	19-2043	Line item	6.6	6.7	0.1	1.5	—	0.5	88,770	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Physical scientists, all other	19-2099	Line item	25.4	25.9	0.5	2.1	15.3	1.7	112,280	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Social scientists and related workers	19-3000	Summary	326.1	342.1	16.0	4.9	18.4	23.3	89,440	—	—	—
Economists	19-3011	Line item	17.6	18.7	1.1	6.3	1.4	1.2	115,730	Master's degree	None	None
Survey researchers	19-3022	Line item	8.8	8.4	-0.3	-3.8	2.3	0.7	60,960	Master's degree	None	None
Psychologists	19-3030	Summary	196.0	208.0	12.0	6.1	28.3	12.8	92,740	—	—	—
Industrial-organizational psychologists	19-3032	Line item	10.1	10.6	0.6	5.9	86.3	0.7	147,420	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Clinical and counseling psychologists	19-3033	Line item	67.5	75.2	7.7	11.4	5.6	4.1	96,100	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
School psychologists	19-3034	Line item	62.2	63.0	0.8	1.3	2.7	4.1	84,940	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Psychologists, all other	19-3039	Line item	56.3	59.1	2.9	5.1	73.6	3.9	117,750	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Sociologists	19-3041	Line item	3.3	3.4	0.1	4.5	1.7	0.3	101,770	Master's degree	None	None
Urban and regional planners	19-3051	Line item	44.7	46.4	1.7	3.7	7.6	3.7	81,800	Master's degree	None	None
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	19-3090	Summary	55.7	57.2	1.5	2.7	0.8	4.7	91,210	—	—	—
Anthropologists and archeologists	19-3091	Line item	8.0	8.3	0.3	4.2	1.8	0.7	63,800	Master's degree	None	None
Geographers	19-3092	Line item	1.5	1.5	0.0	1.1	—	0.1	90,880	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Historians	19-3093	Line item	3.5	3.6	0.1	3.1	—	0.3	72,890	Master's degree	None	None
Political scientists	19-3094	Line item	6.2	6.6	0.4	6.6	—	0.6	132,350	Master's degree	None	None
Social scientists and related workers, all other	19-3099	Line item	36.5	37.2	0.6	1.7	0.6	3.0	95,890	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Life, physical, and social science technicians	19-4000	Summary	397.0	414.1	17.1	4.3	1.8	49.9	53,700	—	—	—
Agricultural and food science technicians	19-4010	Summary	38.8	40.7	1.9	4.9	3.1	5.5	47,010	—	—	—
Agricultural technicians	19-4012	Line item	17.6	18.4	0.8	4.5	2.8	2.5	43,180	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food science technicians	19-4013	Line item	21.2	22.3	1.1	5.2	3.3	3.0	49,090	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Biological technicians	19-4021	Line item	81.4	85.3	3.9	4.7	—	10.6	51,430	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Chemical technicians	19-4031	Line item	58.8	60.7	1.9	3.2	1.5	7.1	56,750	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Environmental science and geoscience technicians	19-4040	Summary	47.5	49.9	2.3	4.9	—	5.1	51,220	—	—	—
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health	19-4042	Line item	35.0	37.1	2.0	5.8	—	3.8	50,660	Associate's degree	None	None
Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians	19-4043	Line item	9.4	9.6	0.3	3.1	—	1.0	52,440	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Hydrologic technicians	19-4044	Line item	3.1	3.1	0.0	0.4	—	0.3	55,890	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Nuclear technicians	19-4051	Line item	5.9	5.8	-0.1	-1.3	—	0.6	101,740	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Social science research assistants	19-4061	Line item	34.4	36.0	1.6	4.8	3.2	4.4	56,400	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Forest and conservation technicians	19-4071	Line item	31.5	31.7	0.2	0.6	0.6	3.8	51,880	Associate's degree	None	None
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians	19-4090	Summary	98.6	103.9	5.4	5.5	3.8	12.8	59,800	—	—	—
Forensic science technicians	19-4092	Line item	18.5	20.8	2.3	12.6	0.8	2.6	64,940	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other	19-4099	Line item	80.0	83.1	3.0	3.8	4.5	10.2	58,350	Associate's degree	None	None
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians	19-5000	Summary	138.4	156.1	17.7	12.8	0.8	17.2	77,580	—	—	—
Occupational health and safety specialists	19-5011	Line item	113.8	128.9	15.2	13.3	0.8	14.2	81,140	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Occupational health and safety technicians	19-5012	Line item	24.7	27.2	2.5	10.1	0.9	3.0	57,920	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Community and social service occupations	21-0000	Summary	2,936.5	3,164.2	227.7	7.8	4.1	281.6	52,000	—	—	—
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists	21-1000	Summary	2,422.9	2,649.1	226.2	9.3	3.9	233.4	51,970	—	—	—
Counselors	21-1010	Summary	954.8	1,068.7	113.9	11.9	7.8	89.2	56,470	—	—	—
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors	21-1012	Line item	342.4	360.8	18.4	5.4	1.2	26.6	61,710	Master's degree	None	None
Marriage and family therapists	21-1013	Line item	71.2	81.8	10.6	14.9	10.7	5.9	58,510	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Rehabilitation counselors	21-1015	Line item	84.8	86.4	1.6	1.9	0.8	6.7	44,040	Master's degree	None	None
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors	21-1018	Line item	388.2	459.6	71.5	18.4	8.4	42.0	53,710	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Counselors, all other	21-1019	Line item	68.2	80.0	11.7	17.2	43.5	8.0	46,130	Master's degree	None	None
Social workers	21-1020	Summary	728.6	782.5	53.8	7.4	2.2	63.8	58,380	—	—	—
Child, family, and school social workers	21-1021	Line item	355.3	374.3	18.9	5.3	—	29.5	53,940	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Healthcare social workers	21-1022	Line item	191.4	209.8	18.4	9.6	1.4	18.7	62,940	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Mental health and substance abuse social workers	21-1023	Line item	113.5	125.5	12.0	10.6	2.8	9.5	55,960	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Social workers, all other	21-1029	Line item	68.4	72.9	4.5	6.6	15.1	6.0	63,770	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	21-1090	Summary	739.5	797.9	58.4	7.9	0.5	80.5	46,250	—	—	—
Health education specialists	21-1091	Line item	60.4	64.8	4.4	7.2	1.5	6.6	62,860	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists	21-1092	Line item	93.9	96.2	2.4	2.5	—	7.4	61,800	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Social and human service assistants	21-1093	Line item	415.1	450.6	35.6	8.6	0.1	47.4	41,410	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Community health workers	21-1094	Line item	67.2	76.6	9.4	14.1	1.7	8.0	48,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Community and social service specialists, all other	21-1099	Line item	103.0	109.7	6.7	6.5	1.3	11.1	49,690	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Religious workers	21-2000	Summary	513.5	515.1	1.5	0.3	4.8	48.2	54,180	—	—	—
Clergy	21-2011	Line item	266.7	268.2	1.5	0.6	8.0	21.9	58,920	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Directors, religious activities and education	21-2021	Line item	171.0	170.6	-0.4	-0.2	0.8	16.3	50,140	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Religious workers, all other	21-2099	Line item	75.8	76.2	0.4	0.6	2.5	10.0	37,960	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Legal occupations	23-0000	Summary	1,362.4	1,442.3	80.0	5.9	8.7	91.7	99,220	—	—	—
Lawyers, judges, and related workers	23-1000	Summary	894.5	958.5	64.0	7.2	12.0	42.2	140,320	—	—	—
Lawyers and judicial law clerks	23-1010	Summary	842.6	905.3	62.7	7.4	12.6	40.1	142,440	—	—	—
Lawyers	23-1011	Line item	826.3	888.7	62.4	7.5	12.8	39.1	145,760	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Judicial law clerks	23-1012	Line item	16.3	16.6	0.4	2.3	—	1.0	57,490	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	23-1020	Summary	51.9	53.2	1.3	2.4	1.9	2.1	120,140	—	—	—
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers	23-1021	Line item	13.2	13.4	0.1	1.1	—	0.5	111,090	Doctoral or professional degree	5 years or more	Short-term on-the-job training
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators	23-1022	Line item	9.1	9.6	0.5	5.0	10.5	0.4	71,540	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates	23-1023	Line item	29.6	30.2	0.7	2.2	—	1.2	148,910	Doctoral or professional degree	5 years or more	Short-term on-the-job training
Legal support workers	23-2000	Summary	467.9	483.8	16.0	3.4	2.5	49.4	60,690	—	—	—
Paralegals and legal assistants	23-2011	Line item	354.3	369.1	14.8	4.2	1.4	38.0	60,970	Associate's degree	None	None
Miscellaneous legal support workers	23-2090	Summary	113.6	114.7	1.1	1.0	6.0	11.4	59,380	—	—	—
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers	23-2093	Line item	62.2	63.3	1.0	1.7	6.3	6.0	53,550	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Legal support workers, all other	23-2099	Line item	51.4	51.5	0.1	0.2	5.6	5.4	67,700	Associate's degree	None	None
Educational instruction and library occupations	25-0000	Summary	9,354.1	9,570.6	216.5	2.3	1.9	857.6	59,940	—	—	—
Postsecondary teachers	25-1000	Summary	1,709.8	1,826.8	117.0	6.8	0.2	149.2	82,270	—	—	—
Business teachers, postsecondary	25-1011	Line item	99.9	106.9	6.9	6.9	0.2	8.7	97,130	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary	25-1020	Summary	98.0	102.0	4.0	4.1	0.1	8.2	83,300	—	—	—
Computer science teachers, postsecondary	25-1021	Line item	42.0	44.3	2.2	5.3	0.2	3.6	96,430	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary	25-1022	Line item	55.9	57.7	1.8	3.2	0.1	4.6	81,020	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary	25-1030	Summary	53.7	58.2	4.5	8.4	0.2	4.8	106,860	—	—	—
Architecture teachers, postsecondary	25-1031	Line item	8.2	8.5	0.3	3.8	—	0.7	105,770	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Engineering teachers, postsecondary	25-1032	Line item	45.5	49.7	4.2	9.3	0.1	4.1	106,910	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1040	Summary	74.0	79.9	5.9	8.0	0.2	6.6	84,260	—	—	—
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1041	Line item	10.1	10.5	0.5	4.8	—	0.8	85,260	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Biological science teachers, postsecondary	25-1042	Line item	62.4	67.7	5.3	8.6	0.2	5.6	83,920	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary	25-1043	Line item	1.5	1.6	0.1	5.2	—	0.1	101,650	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1050	Summary	63.5	65.9	2.4	3.7	0.2	5.3	94,060	—	—	—
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1051	Line item	13.6	14.1	0.5	3.6	—	1.1	100,690	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary	25-1052	Line item	25.9	26.8	0.9	3.5	—	2.1	85,810	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary	25-1053	Line item	7.9	8.2	0.3	4.2	—	0.7	88,410	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Physics teachers, postsecondary	25-1054	Line item	16.2	16.8	0.6	3.8	—	1.3	98,020	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1060	Summary	141.4	147.3	5.9	4.2	0.2	11.8	84,600	—	—	—
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary	25-1061	Line item	6.2	6.4	0.2	4.0	—	0.5	93,650	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary	25-1062	Line item	11.9	12.4	0.5	3.9	—	1.0	86,030	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Economics teachers, postsecondary	25-1063	Line item	14.8	15.4	0.6	3.8	—	1.2	115,300	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Geography teachers, postsecondary	25-1064	Line item	4.1	4.3	0.2	4.4	—	0.3	85,600	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Political science teachers, postsecondary	25-1065	Line item	19.3	20.0	0.7	3.7	—	1.6	93,810	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Psychology teachers, postsecondary	25-1066	Line item	50.9	53.6	2.7	5.2	0.2	4.3	82,140	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Sociology teachers, postsecondary	25-1067	Line item	15.0	15.5	0.6	3.7	—	1.2	82,670	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other	25-1069	Line item	19.2	19.7	0.5	2.6	—	1.6	77,750	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Health teachers, postsecondary	25-1070	Summary	348.7	414.5	65.8	18.9	0.2	36.3	100,950	—	—	—
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary	25-1071	Line item	262.8	313.0	50.2	19.1	0.2	27.4	105,650	Doctoral or professional degree	Less than 5 years	None
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary	25-1072	Line item	85.9	101.5	15.6	18.2	0.2	8.8	80,780	Doctoral or professional degree	Less than 5 years	None
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary	25-1080	Summary	79.7	82.7	3.0	3.8	0.2	6.6	74,550	—	—	—
Education teachers, postsecondary	25-1081	Line item	74.3	77.1	2.8	3.7	0.2	6.2	73,240	Doctoral or professional degree	Less than 5 years	None
Library science teachers, postsecondary	25-1082	Line item	5.4	5.6	0.2	4.1	—	0.4	80,310	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary	25-1110	Summary	51.7	53.4	1.7	3.2	0.2	4.3	81,770	—	—	—
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary	25-1111	Line item	16.5	16.9	0.4	2.7	—	1.3	69,030	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Law teachers, postsecondary	25-1112	Line item	19.8	20.4	0.6	3.0	0.3	1.6	127,360	Doctoral or professional degree	Less than 5 years	None
Social work teachers, postsecondary	25-1113	Line item	15.5	16.1	0.6	4.0	—	1.3	75,020	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary	25-1120	Summary	304.1	311.4	7.4	2.4	0.2	24.7	79,960	—	—	—
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary	25-1121	Line item	123.9	127.8	3.9	3.2	0.3	10.2	80,360	Master's degree	None	None
Communications teachers, postsecondary	25-1122	Line item	33.6	34.8	1.2	3.4	0.2	2.8	79,910	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary	25-1123	Line item	70.1	70.9	0.9	1.2	0.1	5.6	78,130	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary	25-1124	Line item	24.7	25.0	0.3	1.4	0.2	2.0	78,760	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
History teachers, postsecondary	25-1125	Line item	22.8	23.1	0.3	1.3	—	1.8	82,140	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary	25-1126	Line item	29.1	29.9	0.8	2.7	0.3	2.4	79,930	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers	25-1190	Summary	395.1	404.6	9.5	2.4	0.2	32.1	71,800	—	—	—
Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary	25-1192	Line item	2.9	3.0	0.1	3.9	—	0.2	78,410	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary	25-1193	Line item	16.3	16.8	0.5	3.3	—	1.3	75,770	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary	25-1194	Line item	113.0	112.5	-0.6	-0.5	0.3	8.7	62,060	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Postsecondary teachers, all other	25-1199	Line item	262.8	272.3	9.4	3.6	0.1	21.8	79,870	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers	25-2000	Summary	4,355.9	4,402.1	46.1	1.1	0.5	314.3	63,280	—	—	—
Preschool and kindergarten teachers	25-2010	Summary	635.7	653.6	17.9	2.8	1.4	69.3	39,330	—	—	—
Preschool teachers, except special education	25-2011	Line item	512.3	529.6	17.2	3.4	1.7	56.3	37,130	Associate's degree	None	None
Kindergarten teachers, except special education	25-2012	Line item	123.4	124.1	0.7	0.5	0.3	13.0	62,690	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Elementary and middle school teachers	25-2020	Summary	2,061.6	2,076.7	15.1	0.7	0.4	139.0	63,870	—	—	—
Elementary school teachers, except special education	25-2021	Line item	1,425.0	1,435.0	10.0	0.7	0.4	96.0	63,680	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education	25-2022	Line item	625.5	630.6	5.1	0.8	0.4	42.2	64,290	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Career/technical education teachers, middle school	25-2023	Line item	11.1	11.1	0.0	0.0	—	0.7	63,860	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Secondary school teachers	25-2030	Summary	1,160.2	1,171.1	10.9	0.9	0.4	72.5	65,210	—	—	—
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education	25-2031	Line item	1,072.3	1,083.4	11.1	1.0	0.4	67.1	65,220	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school	25-2032	Line item	88.0	87.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	5.4	65,130	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Special education teachers	25-2050	Summary	498.4	500.7	2.2	0.4	0.1	33.5	65,910	—	—	—
Special education teachers, preschool	25-2051	Line item	23.8	24.3	0.5	1.9	—	1.6	65,270	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school	25-2052	Line item	194.7	194.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0	12.9	64,910	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Special education teachers, middle school	25-2057	Line item	82.8	82.6	-0.1	-0.2	—	5.5	66,600	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Special education teachers, secondary school	25-2058	Line item	153.2	154.0	0.7	0.5	0.0	10.3	66,620	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Special education teachers, all other	25-2059	Line item	43.9	45.2	1.3	2.9	0.2	3.1	67,190	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Other teachers and instructors	25-3000	Summary	1,190.1	1,223.8	33.7	2.8	11.6	158.4	41,700	—	—	—
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and english as a second language instructors	25-3011	Line item	42.2	36.9	-5.3	-12.6	7.0	4.2	60,560	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Self-enrichment teachers	25-3021	Line item	354.7	366.1	11.4	3.2	19.4	44.1	45,330	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Substitute teachers, short-term	25-3031	Line item	421.6	438.9	17.4	4.1	4.5	53.0	37,380	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Tutors	25-3041	Line item	223.7	231.1	7.4	3.3	14.9	39.1	39,580	Some college, no degree	None	None
Teachers and instructors, all other	25-3099	Line item	148.0	150.9	2.9	1.9	9.9	18.1	64,390	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Librarians, curators, and archivists	25-4000	Summary	257.6	260.8	3.2	1.2	1.3	30.9	55,460	—	—	—
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	25-4010	Summary	37.7	41.5	3.7	9.9	8.6	5.0	57,120	—	—	—
Archivists	25-4011	Line item	9.4	10.2	0.8	8.2	7.5	1.2	59,910	Master's degree	None	None
Curators	25-4012	Line item	13.9	15.4	1.5	11.1	9.3	1.9	61,750	Master's degree	None	None
Museum technicians and conservators	25-4013	Line item	14.4	15.9	1.4	9.9	8.7	1.9	48,670	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Librarians and media collections specialists	25-4022	Line item	141.2	145.5	4.3	3.0	—	13.7	64,370	Master's degree	None	None
Library technicians	25-4031	Line item	78.6	73.8	-4.8	-6.1	—	12.2	39,310	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Other educational instruction and library occupations	25-9000	Summary	1,840.7	1,857.2	16.4	0.9	0.5	204.8	37,330	—	—	—
Farm and home management educators	25-9021	Line item	9.7	9.5	-0.2	-2.0	—	0.8	59,770	Master's degree	None	None
Instructional coordinators	25-9031	Line item	216.6	222.0	5.3	2.5	1.2	19.2	74,620	Master's degree	5 years or more	None
Teaching assistants	25-9040	Summary	1,469.1	1,477.1	8.0	0.5	0.3	171.9	35,930	—	—	—
Teaching assistants, postsecondary	25-9044	Line item	170.2	177.3	7.1	4.2	0.4	20.9	43,750	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Teaching assistants, except postsecondary	25-9045	Line item	1,298.9	1,299.8	0.9	0.1	0.3	151.0	35,550	Some college, no degree	None	None
Educational instruction and library workers, all other	25-9099	Line item	145.3	148.6	3.3	2.3	0.9	12.9	49,800	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	27-0000	Summary	3,071.1	3,187.0	115.9	3.8	26.2	316.9	58,920	—	—	—
Art and design workers	27-1000	Summary	991.2	1,020.7	29.4	3.0	29.8	95.8	51,660	—	—	—
Artists and related workers	27-1010	Summary	278.9	296.9	18.0	6.5	57.4	28.7	96,130	—	—	—
Art directors	27-1011	Line item	135.1	143.2	8.2	6.1	58.1	13.8	106,500	Bachelor's degree	5 years or more	None
Craft artists	27-1012	Line item	11.5	12.0	0.4	3.9	59.1	1.1	36,600	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators	27-1013	Line item	29.1	30.6	1.5	5.2	58.5	2.9	59,300	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Special effects artists and animators	27-1014	Line item	89.3	96.6	7.4	8.2	57.9	9.4	99,060	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Artists and related workers, all other	27-1019	Line item	14.0	14.5	0.5	3.4	43.3	1.4	74,750	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Designers	27-1020	Summary	712.3	723.8	11.4	1.6	19.0	67.1	47,670	—	—	—
Commercial and industrial designers	27-1021	Line item	32.4	33.0	0.7	2.0	5.1	2.2	76,250	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Fashion designers	27-1022	Line item	24.9	25.7	0.8	3.3	17.0	2.3	79,290	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Floral designers	27-1023	Line item	54.5	44.7	-9.8	-18.0	20.5	4.7	34,690	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Graphic designers	27-1024	Line item	270.9	279.8	8.9	3.3	18.7	22.8	58,910	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Interior designers	27-1025	Line item	94.9	98.7	3.7	3.9	32.0	9.0	62,510	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers	27-1026	Line item	173.4	177.5	4.1	2.4	—	20.8	36,230	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Set and exhibit designers	27-1027	Line item	27.8	29.8	2.0	7.3	59.2	2.5	59,490	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Designers, all other	27-1029	Line item	33.5	34.6	1.1	3.1	62.0	2.8	67,500	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers	27-2000	Summary	857.1	906.7	49.6	5.8	23.8	106.8	53,360	—	—	—
Actors, producers, and directors	27-2010	Summary	253.4	267.6	14.2	5.6	14.0	25.2	76,000	—	—	—
Actors	27-2011	Line item	78.1	80.6	2.5	3.2	26.3	9.3	—	Some college, no degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Producers and directors	27-2012	Line item	175.3	187.0	11.7	6.7	8.5	16.0	82,510	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	27-2020	Summary	309.6	338.2	28.6	9.2	12.1	45.4	45,860	—	—	—
Athletes and sports competitors	27-2021	Line item	14.0	15.2	1.3	9.1	7.8	1.9	70,280	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Coaches and scouts	27-2022	Line item	275.2	300.5	25.3	9.2	10.7	38.4	45,910	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials	27-2023	Line item	20.4	22.4	2.0	9.7	33.9	5.0	35,820	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Dancers and choreographers	27-2030	Summary	18.4	19.4	1.0	5.2	19.2	3.0	51,900	—	—	—
Dancers	27-2031	Line item	11.5	12.2	0.6	5.3	19.3	1.9	—	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Choreographers	27-2032	Line item	6.9	7.3	0.3	5.0	19.0	1.1	52,000	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	Long-term on-the-job training
Musicians, singers, and related workers	27-2040	Summary	225.3	228.0	2.7	1.2	42.2	27.7	—	—	—	—
Music directors and composers	27-2041	Line item	51.8	52.4	0.6	1.1	22.4	5.1	62,590	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Musicians and singers	27-2042	Line item	173.5	175.6	2.1	1.2	48.1	22.6	—	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers	27-2090	Summary	50.3	53.5	3.2	6.3	64.9	5.5	—	—	—	—
Disc jockeys, except radio	27-2091	Line item	23.8	24.8	1.0	4.2	76.3	2.0	—	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	27-2099	Line item	26.5	28.7	2.2	8.2	54.6	3.4	—	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Media and communication workers	27-3000	Summary	826.2	848.1	21.9	2.6	18.5	77.6	66,320	—	—	—
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys	27-3011	Line item	28.0	24.8	-3.2	-11.4	2.8	2.4	44,890	Bachelor's degree	None	None
News analysts, reporters, and journalists	27-3023	Line item	58.5	56.6	-1.9	-3.3	24.7	6.0	57,500	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Public relations specialists	27-3031	Line item	297.1	315.1	18.0	6.1	1.1	25.8	66,750	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Writers and editors	27-3040	Summary	326.7	331.0	4.3	1.3	34.4	31.8	76,020	—	—	—
Editors	27-3041	Line item	122.1	117.3	-4.9	-4.0	12.6	11.6	75,020	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Technical writers	27-3042	Line item	53.3	57.0	3.7	6.9	5.8	4.8	80,050	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	Short-term on-the-job training
Writers and authors	27-3043	Line item	151.2	156.8	5.6	3.7	62.0	15.5	73,690	Bachelor's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous media and communication workers	27-3090	Summary	115.9	120.6	4.7	4.0	18.8	11.6	60,440	—	—	—
Interpreters and translators	27-3091	Line item	68.7	71.7	3.0	4.3	21.4	7.2	57,090	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners	27-3092	Line item	21.3	21.9	0.6	2.8	30.8	2.1	63,940	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Media and communication workers, all other	27-3099	Line item	25.8	26.9	1.1	4.3	2.0	2.3	61,900	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Media and communication equipment workers	27-4000	Summary	396.5	411.5	15.0	3.8	38.5	36.7	53,850	—	—	—
Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians	27-4010	Summary	142.8	145.3	2.5	1.7	13.5	12.9	54,160	—	—	—
Audio and video technicians	27-4011	Line item	74.8	78.3	3.5	4.7	12.5	7.1	51,640	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Broadcast technicians	27-4012	Line item	39.9	39.4	-0.4	-1.1	15.0	3.4	57,690	Associate's degree	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Sound engineering technicians	27-4014	Line item	17.6	17.4	-0.2	-1.2	13.8	1.5	59,430	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Lighting technicians	27-4015	Line item	10.5	10.2	-0.4	-3.4	14.8	0.9	62,240	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Photographers	27-4021	Line item	148.9	155.0	6.1	4.1	68.6	13.9	40,760	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Television, video, and film camera operators and editors	27-4030	Summary	87.5	93.3	5.8	6.7	34.0	8.2	65,070	—	—	—
Camera operators, television, video, and film	27-4031	Line item	36.5	37.5	1.0	2.8	33.3	3.2	61,800	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Film and video editors	27-4032	Line item	51.0	55.8	4.8	9.4	34.4	5.0	66,600	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Media and communication equipment workers, all other	27-4099	Line item	17.3	17.9	0.6	3.4	9.4	1.6	71,340	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	29-0000	Summary	9,481.0	10,243.7	762.7	8.0	2.3	621.6	80,820	—	—	—
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners	29-1000	Summary	6,305.6	6,848.4	542.7	8.6	3.0	365.1	98,760	—	—	—
Chiropractors	29-1011	Line item	55.0	59.8	4.9	8.8	31.1	2.6	76,530	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Dentists	29-1020	Summary	155.0	161.8	6.8	4.4	10.6	5.1	170,910	—	—	—
Dentists, general	29-1021	Line item	136.7	142.7	6.0	4.4	10.8	4.5	166,300	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons	29-1022	Line item	4.9	5.1	0.2	5.0	10.8	0.2	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Orthodontists	29-1023	Line item	7.2	7.5	0.3	4.5	10.9	0.2	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Prosthodontists	29-1024	Line item	0.4	0.5	0.0	5.7	—	0.0	234,000	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Dentists, all other specialists	29-1029	Line item	5.8	6.0	0.2	2.7	6.4	0.2	227,690	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Dietitians and nutritionists	29-1031	Line item	78.6	83.8	5.2	6.6	8.2	5.6	69,680	Bachelor's degree	None	Internship/residency
Optometrists	29-1041	Line item	43.4	47.3	3.8	8.8	6.7	1.7	131,860	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Pharmacists	29-1051	Line item	334.2	342.9	8.7	2.6	0.9	13.4	136,030	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Physician assistants	29-1071	Line item	148.0	187.3	39.3	26.5	2.6	12.2	130,020	Master's degree	None	None
Podiatrists	29-1081	Line item	10.6	10.7	0.1	1.0	9.8	0.3	141,650	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Therapists	29-1120	Summary	782.4	893.3	110.9	14.2	6.5	51.7	90,400	—	—	—
Occupational therapists	29-1122	Line item	139.6	155.6	16.1	11.5	0.3	9.6	96,370	Master's degree	None	None
Physical therapists	29-1123	Line item	246.8	284.1	37.3	15.1	4.1	13.9	99,710	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Radiation therapists	29-1124	Line item	15.9	16.3	0.4	2.4	—	0.7	98,300	Associate's degree	None	None
Recreational therapists	29-1125	Line item	16.8	17.4	0.6	3.6	0.4	1.3	57,120	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Respiratory therapists	29-1126	Line item	133.1	149.8	16.7	12.5	—	8.6	77,960	Associate's degree	None	None
Speech-language pathologists	29-1127	Line item	171.4	204.5	33.1	19.3	3.3	13.2	89,290	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Exercise physiologists	29-1128	Line item	16.5	18.2	1.7	10.2	58.8	1.2	54,860	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Therapists, all other	29-1129	Line item	42.3	47.5	5.2	12.2	58.9	3.2	63,650	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Veterinarians	29-1131	Line item	89.5	107.2	17.7	19.7	10.1	5.0	119,100	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Registered nurses	29-1141	Line item	3,172.5	3,349.9	177.4	5.6	0.5	193.1	86,070	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Nurse anesthetists	29-1151	Line item	49.4	53.8	4.5	9.0	3.8	2.5	212,650	Master's degree	None	None
Nurse midwives	29-1161	Line item	8.2	8.7	0.5	6.4	0.8	0.4	129,650	Master's degree	None	None
Nurse practitioners	29-1171	Line item	266.3	384.9	118.6	44.5	0.7	26.3	126,260	Master's degree	None	None
Audiologists	29-1181	Line item	14.4	15.9	1.5	10.6	—	0.9	87,740	Doctoral or professional degree	None	None
Physicians	29-1210	Summary	757.4	780.9	23.6	3.1	4.6	22.7	>=$239,200	—	—	—
Anesthesiologists	29-1211	Line item	40.0	41.1	1.0	2.6	5.1	1.2	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Cardiologists	29-1212	Line item	18.0	18.6	0.6	3.1	5.1	0.5	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Dermatologists	29-1213	Line item	12.4	12.8	0.4	3.1	5.2	0.4	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Emergency medicine physicians	29-1214	Line item	31.3	32.2	0.9	2.8	4.9	0.9	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Family medicine physicians	29-1215	Line item	108.0	112.0	4.0	3.7	4.9	3.3	224,640	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
General internal medicine physicians	29-1216	Line item	72.6	74.4	1.8	2.5	4.7	2.1	223,310	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Neurologists	29-1217	Line item	12.2	12.5	0.4	3.2	5.0	0.4	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Obstetricians and gynecologists	29-1218	Line item	22.9	23.4	0.5	2.2	5.0	0.7	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Pediatricians, general	29-1221	Line item	35.9	36.2	0.3	0.9	5.0	1.0	198,690	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Physicians, pathologists	29-1222	Line item	13.2	13.9	0.6	4.6	4.7	0.4	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Psychiatrists	29-1223	Line item	28.6	30.5	1.9	6.7	4.1	1.0	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Radiologists	29-1224	Line item	31.2	32.4	1.1	3.6	5.1	1.0	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Physicians, all other	29-1229	Line item	330.9	341.0	10.0	3.0	4.2	9.9	236,000	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Surgeons	29-1240	Summary	59.6	60.6	1.0	1.7	0.5	1.5	>=$239,200	—	—	—
Ophthalmologists, except pediatric	29-1241	Line item	12.8	13.3	0.5	3.6	0.5	0.3	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric	29-1242	Line item	19.4	19.7	0.3	1.6	0.5	0.5	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Pediatric surgeons	29-1243	Line item	0.8	0.8	0.0	1.0	—	0.0	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Surgeons, all other	29-1249	Line item	26.5	26.8	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.6	>=$239,200	Doctoral or professional degree	None	Internship/residency
Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners	29-1290	Summary	281.3	299.6	18.4	6.5	8.6	20.2	89,260	—	—	—
Acupuncturists	29-1291	Line item	26.6	28.0	1.4	5.3	69.4	1.8	78,220	Master's degree	None	None
Dental hygienists	29-1292	Line item	219.4	235.7	16.3	7.4	1.2	16.4	87,530	Associate's degree	None	None
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other	29-1299	Line item	35.2	35.9	0.7	2.0	8.4	2.0	107,990	Master's degree	None	None
Health technologists and technicians	29-2000	Summary	3,036.2	3,241.3	205.1	6.8	0.7	246.2	51,250	—	—	—
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	29-2010	Line item	342.9	359.7	16.8	4.9	0.1	24.0	60,780	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	29-2030	Summary	428.5	458.2	29.8	6.9	2.3	26.3	78,330	—	—	—
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians	29-2031	Line item	58.9	61.1	2.2	3.7	3.5	3.9	66,170	Associate's degree	None	None
Diagnostic medical sonographers	29-2032	Line item	83.8	95.8	12.0	14.3	1.7	5.7	84,470	Associate's degree	None	None
Nuclear medicine technologists	29-2033	Line item	18.1	18.2	0.1	0.4	5.0	0.8	92,500	Associate's degree	None	None
Radiologic technologists and technicians	29-2034	Line item	222.8	235.0	12.2	5.5	1.3	13.1	73,410	Associate's degree	None	None
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists	29-2035	Line item	41.4	44.6	3.2	7.7	5.6	2.6	83,740	Associate's degree	Less than 5 years	None
Medical dosimetrists	29-2036	Line item	3.5	3.6	0.1	3.4	4.9	0.2	132,880	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	29-2040	Summary	269.0	283.6	14.6	5.4	0.3	18.1	44,780	—	—	—
Emergency medical technicians	29-2042	Line item	170.7	180.0	9.3	5.4	—	13.1	38,930	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Paramedics	29-2043	Line item	98.3	103.6	5.3	5.4	0.7	5.1	53,180	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	None
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians	29-2050	Summary	885.6	962.1	76.6	8.6	0.3	87.7	43,130	—	—	—
Dietetic technicians	29-2051	Line item	20.2	20.9	0.7	3.5	—	2.3	36,520	Associate's degree	None	None
Pharmacy technicians	29-2052	Line item	459.6	485.5	25.9	5.6	0.1	44.9	40,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Psychiatric technicians	29-2053	Line item	107.1	117.5	10.4	9.7	0.9	10.2	39,700	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	Short-term on-the-job training
Surgical technologists	29-2055	Line item	109.2	115.2	5.9	5.4	—	7.2	60,610	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Veterinary technologists and technicians	29-2056	Line item	122.9	148.1	25.2	20.5	1.0	14.8	43,740	Associate's degree	None	None
Ophthalmic medical technicians	29-2057	Line item	66.5	74.9	8.4	12.7	—	8.4	41,780	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	29-2061	Line item	655.0	689.9	34.9	5.3	0.8	54.4	59,730	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Medical records specialists	29-2072	Line item	194.3	210.9	16.5	8.5	1.0	15.0	48,780	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Opticians, dispensing	29-2081	Line item	73.3	75.2	2.0	2.7	0.5	6.4	44,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	29-2090	Summary	187.7	201.7	14.0	7.5	0.9	14.3	48,010	—	—	—
Orthotists and prosthetists	29-2091	Line item	9.5	10.9	1.5	15.4	0.9	0.8	78,100	Master's degree	None	Internship/residency
Hearing aid specialists	29-2092	Line item	10.2	11.7	1.5	14.5	1.0	0.9	58,670	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Health technologists and technicians, all other	29-2099	Line item	168.0	179.1	11.1	6.6	0.9	12.6	47,470	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	29-9000	Summary	139.2	154.1	14.9	10.7	3.5	10.3	61,020	—	—	—
Health information technologists and medical registrars	29-9021	Line item	37.9	44.1	6.2	16.5	3.9	3.1	62,990	Associate's degree	None	None
Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers	29-9090	Summary	101.3	110.0	8.6	8.5	3.4	7.2	60,410	—	—	—
Athletic trainers	29-9091	Line item	33.8	38.5	4.8	14.1	3.1	2.7	57,930	Master's degree	None	None
Genetic counselors	29-9092	Line item	3.5	4.0	0.6	16.1	4.0	0.3	95,770	Master's degree	None	None
Surgical assistants	29-9093	Line item	19.7	20.7	1.0	5.2	4.2	1.3	59,160	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other	29-9099	Line item	44.4	46.7	2.3	5.2	3.1	3.0	63,630	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Healthcare support occupations	31-0000	Summary	7,144.9	8,245.5	1,100.6	15.4	2.4	1,211.0	36,140	—	—	—
Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides	31-1100	Summary	5,154.8	6,019.3	864.6	16.8	2.2	899.0	34,570	—	—	—
Home health and personal care aides	31-1120	Line item	3,715.5	4,520.1	804.6	21.7	2.7	684.6	33,530	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides	31-1130	Summary	1,439.2	1,499.2	60.0	4.2	1.1	214.4	38,140	—	—	—
Nursing assistants	31-1131	Line item	1,361.3	1,417.8	56.5	4.1	1.2	202.4	38,200	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Orderlies	31-1132	Line item	45.5	47.4	1.9	4.2	—	7.0	36,830	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Psychiatric aides	31-1133	Line item	32.4	34.0	1.6	4.9	—	5.0	39,160	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides	31-2000	Summary	194.1	232.8	38.6	19.9	—	32.9	60,830	—	—	—
Occupational therapy assistants and aides	31-2010	Summary	49.0	60.0	11.0	22.5	—	8.6	65,450	—	—	—
Occupational therapy assistants	31-2011	Line item	45.1	56.0	10.8	24.0	—	8.0	67,010	Associate's degree	None	None
Occupational therapy aides	31-2012	Line item	3.8	4.0	0.2	4.9	—	0.6	36,970	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Physical therapist assistants and aides	31-2020	Summary	145.1	172.7	27.6	19.0	—	24.3	58,740	—	—	—
Physical therapist assistants	31-2021	Line item	100.7	126.9	26.3	26.1	—	18.1	64,080	Associate's degree	None	None
Physical therapist aides	31-2022	Line item	44.5	45.8	1.3	3.0	—	6.3	33,520	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Other healthcare support occupations	31-9000	Summary	1,796.1	1,993.4	197.4	11.0	3.0	279.1	43,330	—	—	—
Massage therapists	31-9011	Line item	134.3	158.9	24.6	18.3	34.6	22.0	55,310	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations	31-9090	Summary	1,661.7	1,834.5	172.8	10.4	0.5	257.1	42,880	—	—	—
Dental assistants	31-9091	Line item	371.0	396.7	25.7	6.9	0.8	55.1	46,540	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Medical assistants	31-9092	Line item	764.4	870.2	105.9	13.9	0.1	114.6	42,000	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Medical equipment preparers	31-9093	Line item	66.7	70.3	3.6	5.4	2.4	9.5	45,280	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Medical transcriptionists	31-9094	Line item	49.0	47.2	-1.8	-3.8	—	8.1	37,060	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Pharmacy aides	31-9095	Line item	43.7	42.4	-1.2	-2.8	—	7.5	36,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers	31-9096	Line item	114.8	138.3	23.5	20.5	—	26.8	36,440	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Phlebotomists	31-9097	Line item	139.4	150.2	10.8	7.7	0.3	19.5	41,810	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Healthcare support workers, all other	31-9099	Line item	112.7	119.1	6.4	5.7	1.8	16.0	44,490	High school diploma or equivalent	None	None
Protective service occupations	33-0000	Summary	3,568.4	3,579.8	11.4	0.3	0.3	409.5	47,760	—	—	—
Supervisors of protective service workers	33-1000	Summary	370.2	374.5	4.3	1.1	0.3	27.2	81,240	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers	33-1010	Summary	196.4	199.1	2.7	1.4	—	14.0	93,800	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of correctional officers	33-1011	Line item	58.5	56.9	-1.6	-2.7	—	4.4	70,530	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of police and detectives	33-1012	Line item	137.9	142.2	4.3	3.1	—	9.5	101,750	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers	33-1021	Line item	87.1	90.2	3.1	3.6	—	5.7	86,220	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers	33-1090	Summary	86.7	85.2	-1.6	-1.8	1.1	7.6	57,590	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of security workers	33-1091	Line item	62.2	59.8	-2.4	-3.9	1.3	5.3	54,580	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other	33-1099	Line item	24.5	25.3	0.8	3.4	0.7	2.3	65,050	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Firefighting and prevention workers	33-2000	Summary	351.6	364.6	12.9	3.7	0.2	28.0	57,900	—	—	—
Firefighters	33-2011	Line item	334.2	346.2	12.0	3.6	0.2	26.4	57,120	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Fire inspectors	33-2020	Summary	17.4	18.4	0.9	5.3	—	1.6	71,420	—	—	—
Fire inspectors and investigators	33-2021	Line item	15.0	15.6	0.6	3.7	—	1.3	74,160	Postsecondary nondegree award	5 years or more	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists	33-2022	Line item	2.4	2.8	0.4	14.8	—	0.3	54,080	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Law enforcement workers	33-3000	Summary	1,213.4	1,208.1	-5.3	-0.4	0.1	96.3	66,030	—	—	—
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	33-3010	Summary	395.7	366.7	-29.0	-7.3	—	30.9	53,290	—	—	—
Bailiffs	33-3011	Line item	17.1	16.8	-0.4	-2.3	—	2.3	53,040	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Correctional officers and jailers	33-3012	Line item	378.5	349.9	-28.6	-7.5	—	28.6	53,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Detectives and criminal investigators	33-3021	Line item	114.4	116.1	1.7	1.5	0.6	8.6	91,100	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Fish and game wardens	33-3031	Line item	6.9	6.5	-0.4	-6.3	—	0.7	60,380	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Parking enforcement workers	33-3041	Line item	9.0	8.9	-0.1	-1.4	—	0.9	46,840	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Police officers	33-3050	Summary	687.4	710.0	22.6	3.3	—	55.3	72,260	—	—	—
Police and sheriff's patrol officers	33-3051	Line item	684.0	706.5	22.5	3.3	—	55.0	72,280	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Transit and railroad police	33-3052	Line item	3.4	3.5	0.1	3.2	—	0.3	72,250	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Other protective service workers	33-9000	Summary	1,633.2	1,632.7	-0.5	0.0	0.5	258.0	36,920	—	—	—
Animal control workers	33-9011	Line item	11.9	12.4	0.5	4.0	—	1.2	43,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Private detectives and investigators	33-9021	Line item	38.3	40.6	2.3	6.1	15.5	3.8	49,540	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers	33-9030	Summary	1,166.7	1,151.9	-14.8	-1.3	0.1	151.7	37,090	—	—	—
Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators	33-9031	Line item	10.8	10.9	0.1	0.6	—	1.4	39,210	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Security guards	33-9032	Line item	1,155.9	1,141.0	-14.9	-1.3	0.1	150.3	37,070	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous protective service workers	33-9090	Summary	416.3	427.8	11.5	2.8	0.1	101.3	35,730	—	—	—
Crossing guards and flaggers	33-9091	Line item	94.1	98.0	3.8	4.1	—	21.8	36,370	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers	33-9092	Line item	113.5	120.5	7.0	6.2	—	35.0	30,380	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Transportation security screeners	33-9093	Line item	51.3	51.3	0.0	0.0	—	4.7	50,020	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
School bus monitors	33-9094	Line item	62.4	60.1	-2.2	-3.6	0.5	11.2	33,130	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Protective service workers, all other	33-9099	Line item	95.0	97.9	2.9	3.0	—	28.6	39,360	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Food preparation and serving related occupations	35-0000	Summary	12,965.9	13,191.5	225.6	1.7	0.6	2,480.3	32,240	—	—	—
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers	35-1000	Summary	1,396.1	1,465.4	69.3	5.0	1.9	210.9	40,950	—	—	—
Chefs and head cooks	35-1011	Line item	174.4	183.6	9.2	5.3	4.0	22.0	58,920	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	None
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers	35-1012	Line item	1,221.7	1,281.8	60.0	4.9	1.6	188.9	38,520	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Cooks and food preparation workers	35-2000	Summary	3,661.1	3,791.6	130.5	3.6	0.8	596.4	34,020	—	—	—
Cooks	35-2010	Summary	2,729.3	2,904.5	175.3	6.4	0.9	439.3	34,320	—	—	—
Cooks, fast food	35-2011	Line item	742.0	640.4	-101.6	-13.7	—	93.3	29,260	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Cooks, institution and cafeteria	35-2012	Line item	434.5	443.4	8.9	2.1	—	66.6	35,320	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Cooks, private household	35-2013	Line item	34.0	32.1	-1.9	-5.5	73.3	4.8	42,590	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	None
Cooks, restaurant	35-2014	Line item	1,361.2	1,638.9	277.6	20.4	—	252.4	35,780	No formal educational credential	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cooks, short order	35-2015	Line item	137.4	128.9	-8.4	-6.1	—	19.1	34,130	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Cooks, all other	35-2019	Line item	20.2	20.8	0.6	3.2	—	3.1	35,920	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food preparation workers	35-2021	Line item	931.8	887.0	-44.8	-4.8	0.4	157.1	32,420	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Food and beverage serving workers	35-3000	Summary	6,504.1	6,515.3	11.2	0.2	0.2	1,386.5	30,160	—	—	—
Bartenders	35-3011	Line item	641.3	662.6	21.3	3.3	0.3	113.5	31,510	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Fast food and counter workers	35-3023	Line item	3,410.1	3,460.5	50.4	1.5	0.1	789.3	29,540	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Waiters and waitresses	35-3031	Line item	2,194.1	2,125.5	-68.6	-3.1	0.3	440.0	31,940	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Food servers, nonrestaurant	35-3041	Line item	258.6	266.6	8.1	3.1	0.3	43.7	33,110	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Other food preparation and serving related workers	35-9000	Summary	1,404.6	1,419.3	14.7	1.0	0.6	286.6	30,620	—	—	—
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	35-9011	Line item	459.2	478.4	19.2	4.2	1.1	89.1	31,180	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Dishwashers	35-9021	Line item	447.1	436.9	-10.2	-2.3	0.5	75.1	31,200	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	35-9031	Line item	412.8	414.9	2.0	0.5	0.2	104.2	29,220	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	35-9099	Line item	85.4	89.1	3.7	4.3	—	18.3	33,870	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	37-0000	Summary	5,501.2	5,594.1	92.9	1.7	12.4	752.6	35,990	—	—	—
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers	37-1000	Summary	485.8	499.6	13.8	2.8	38.6	54.7	49,310	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers	37-1011	Line item	254.9	262.6	7.7	3.0	31.3	30.4	46,650	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	37-1012	Line item	230.9	237.0	6.1	2.6	46.6	24.3	55,740	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Building cleaning and pest control workers	37-2000	Summary	3,733.8	3,768.7	34.9	0.9	6.4	527.5	34,780	—	—	—
Building cleaning workers	37-2010	Summary	3,638.8	3,670.7	31.9	0.9	6.5	514.9	34,600	—	—	—
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners	37-2011	Line item	2,382.9	2,412.8	29.9	1.3	5.3	336.7	35,020	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Maids and housekeeping cleaners	37-2012	Line item	1,238.8	1,240.4	1.6	0.1	8.8	175.7	33,450	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Building cleaning workers, all other	37-2019	Line item	17.1	17.5	0.4	2.5	6.6	2.5	39,900	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Pest control workers	37-2021	Line item	95.0	98.0	3.0	3.1	2.8	12.6	43,470	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Grounds maintenance workers	37-3000	Summary	1,281.6	1,325.8	44.2	3.5	20.1	170.3	37,690	—	—	—
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers	37-3011	Line item	1,176.1	1,217.9	41.7	3.5	20.3	156.6	37,360	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation	37-3012	Line item	23.2	23.7	0.5	2.0	0.4	3.0	44,070	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tree trimmers and pruners	37-3013	Line item	66.0	67.6	1.7	2.5	27.6	8.6	49,070	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Grounds maintenance workers, all other	37-3019	Line item	16.3	16.6	0.4	2.2	—	2.1	43,310	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Personal care and service occupations	39-0000	Summary	4,115.9	4,365.2	249.3	6.1	21.8	752.7	34,260	—	—	—
Supervisors of personal care and service workers	39-1000	Summary	303.2	326.1	22.9	7.5	28.8	36.0	47,550	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers	39-1010	Summary	144.2	154.0	9.7	6.7	26.5	17.0	48,430	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of gambling services workers	39-1013	Line item	29.7	30.6	1.0	3.2	24.1	3.3	61,210	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services	39-1014	Line item	114.6	123.3	8.8	7.7	27.1	13.6	46,060	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of personal service workers	39-1022	Line item	159.0	172.1	13.1	8.3	30.9	19.1	46,690	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Animal care and service workers	39-2000	Summary	393.1	454.3	61.2	15.6	23.8	79.9	31,830	—	—	—
Animal trainers	39-2011	Line item	54.1	62.8	8.7	16.0	54.4	9.0	38,810	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Animal caretakers	39-2021	Line item	339.0	391.5	52.5	15.5	18.9	70.9	31,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Entertainment attendants and related workers	39-3000	Summary	573.8	591.7	17.9	3.1	1.0	154.1	29,840	—	—	—
Gambling services workers	39-3010	Summary	97.1	97.7	0.6	0.6	2.8	15.5	32,240	—	—	—
Gambling dealers	39-3011	Line item	75.6	76.4	0.8	1.0	2.7	12.1	32,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Gambling and sports book writers and runners	39-3012	Line item	8.4	8.1	-0.3	-4.0	3.1	1.3	29,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Gambling service workers, all other	39-3019	Line item	13.1	13.2	0.1	0.8	2.8	2.1	32,710	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Motion picture projectionists	39-3021	Line item	2.1	1.9	-0.2	-9.6	—	0.5	35,160	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	39-3031	Line item	106.6	108.3	1.7	1.6	—	31.5	29,780	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	39-3090	Summary	368.0	383.9	15.9	4.3	0.9	106.6	29,560	—	—	—
Amusement and recreation attendants	39-3091	Line item	343.8	358.1	14.4	4.2	0.9	99.4	29,390	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Costume attendants	39-3092	Line item	6.1	6.4	0.3	5.0	1.0	1.8	52,370	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants	39-3093	Line item	12.9	13.8	0.9	7.0	0.9	3.8	33,450	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other	39-3099	Line item	5.2	5.5	0.3	5.4	—	1.5	33,280	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Funeral service workers	39-4000	Summary	64.6	66.6	2.0	3.1	0.5	9.0	38,080	—	—	—
Embalmers and crematory operators	39-4010	Summary	6.9	7.1	0.1	2.1	—	1.0	47,830	—	—	—
Embalmers	39-4011	Line item	4.0	4.0	0.0	0.9	—	0.6	54,090	Associate's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Crematory operators	39-4012	Line item	3.0	3.1	0.1	3.9	—	0.4	41,670	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Funeral attendants	39-4021	Line item	33.2	34.2	0.9	2.8	—	4.9	33,850	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers	39-4031	Line item	24.5	25.4	0.9	3.7	1.3	3.0	51,030	Associate's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Personal appearance workers	39-5000	Summary	913.6	987.1	73.4	8.0	42.5	130.2	34,930	—	—	—
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists	39-5010	Summary	618.9	666.1	47.2	7.6	49.4	89.4	35,080	—	—	—
Barbers	39-5011	Line item	63.1	67.6	4.4	7.0	79.0	7.3	36,150	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	39-5012	Line item	555.8	598.6	42.8	7.7	46.0	82.0	34,970	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	39-5090	Summary	294.7	321.0	26.2	8.9	28.0	40.8	34,810	—	—	—
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance	39-5091	Line item	4.6	4.9	0.4	8.6	32.9	0.8	47,390	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Manicurists and pedicurists	39-5092	Line item	196.9	214.0	17.1	8.7	29.4	25.5	34,250	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Shampooers	39-5093	Line item	11.3	12.6	1.3	11.2	33.4	2.1	29,530	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Skincare specialists	39-5094	Line item	82.0	89.4	7.5	9.1	23.5	12.4	43,200	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	39-6000	Summary	66.4	70.3	3.9	5.9	—	11.1	36,260	—	—	—
Baggage porters and bellhops	39-6011	Line item	27.7	29.4	1.7	6.3	—	4.7	34,840	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Concierges	39-6012	Line item	38.7	40.9	2.2	5.6	—	6.5	37,150	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tour and travel guides	39-7000	Summary	53.6	58.0	4.3	8.1	17.4	12.2	36,060	—	—	—
Tour and travel guides	39-7010	Line item	53.6	58.0	4.3	8.1	17.4	12.2	36,060	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Other personal care and service workers	39-9000	Summary	1,747.4	1,811.1	63.6	3.6	18.0	320.3	34,690	—	—	—
Childcare workers	39-9011	Line item	945.9	927.4	-18.5	-2.0	24.4	153.1	30,370	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Recreation and fitness workers	39-9030	Summary	618.8	677.4	58.5	9.5	10.4	130.7	37,000	—	—	—
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors	39-9031	Line item	329.5	374.6	45.2	13.7	19.3	69.0	46,480	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Recreation workers	39-9032	Line item	289.4	302.7	13.4	4.6	0.3	61.7	34,410	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Residential advisors	39-9041	Line item	95.7	101.4	5.7	6.0	2.2	17.6	37,950	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Personal care and service workers, all other	39-9099	Line item	87.0	104.9	17.9	20.5	20.2	18.9	36,980	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Sales and related occupations	41-0000	Summary	14,476.4	14,102.0	-374.5	-2.6	7.8	1,806.9	36,760	—	—	—
Supervisors of sales workers	41-1000	Summary	1,770.2	1,668.2	-102.0	-5.8	24.1	152.0	49,020	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers	41-1011	Line item	1,405.8	1,311.8	-94.0	-6.7	21.7	123.7	46,730	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers	41-1012	Line item	364.4	356.4	-8.0	-2.2	33.1	28.2	84,570	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Retail sales workers	41-2000	Summary	7,777.8	7,362.3	-415.4	-5.3	2.0	1,189.9	31,940	—	—	—
Cashiers	41-2010	Summary	3,365.2	3,016.0	-349.2	-10.4	0.5	581.2	29,740	—	—	—
Cashiers	41-2011	Line item	3,345.8	2,997.7	-348.1	-10.4	0.5	577.6	29,720	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers	41-2012	Line item	19.4	18.3	-1.1	-5.6	—	3.5	33,230	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons	41-2020	Summary	646.9	659.9	12.9	2.0	0.9	77.1	37,200	—	—	—
Counter and rental clerks	41-2021	Line item	380.8	391.2	10.4	2.7	0.8	45.7	37,400	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Parts salespersons	41-2022	Line item	266.1	268.7	2.6	1.0	1.0	31.4	36,860	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Retail salespersons	41-2031	Line item	3,765.6	3,686.4	-79.1	-2.1	3.6	531.7	33,680	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, services	41-3000	Summary	2,309.8	2,428.0	118.1	5.1	5.1	218.1	63,150	—	—	—
Advertising sales agents	41-3011	Line item	111.4	103.4	-8.0	-7.2	3.6	10.5	61,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Insurance sales agents	41-3021	Line item	536.8	579.3	42.5	7.9	11.1	48.3	59,080	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	41-3031	Line item	482.2	517.7	35.6	7.4	5.9	40.1	76,900	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Travel agents	41-3041	Line item	66.3	68.6	2.3	3.5	17.8	8.6	47,410	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel	41-3091	Line item	1,113.2	1,158.9	45.7	4.1	1.3	110.6	64,600	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	41-4000	Summary	1,649.9	1,670.4	20.5	1.2	2.7	148.0	73,080	—	—	—
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products	41-4011	Line item	305.6	317.1	11.4	3.7	2.7	28.5	99,710	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products	41-4012	Line item	1,344.3	1,353.4	9.1	0.7	2.7	119.5	65,630	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Other sales and related workers	41-9000	Summary	968.7	973.0	4.3	0.4	39.4	99.0	47,990	—	—	—
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	41-9010	Summary	47.1	48.9	1.8	3.8	2.2	8.9	37,190	—	—	—
Demonstrators and product promoters	41-9011	Line item	45.0	46.8	1.8	4.0	2.3	8.5	36,970	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Models	41-9012	Line item	2.2	2.2	0.0	0.5	—	0.4	47,430	No formal educational credential	None	None
Real estate brokers and sales agents	41-9020	Summary	589.8	609.2	19.4	3.3	57.5	51.6	56,620	—	—	—
Real estate brokers	41-9021	Line item	127.2	131.6	4.4	3.5	58.0	11.2	63,060	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Real estate sales agents	41-9022	Line item	462.6	477.6	14.9	3.2	57.3	40.5	54,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sales engineers	41-9031	Line item	60.9	63.8	2.9	4.7	0.5	5.9	116,950	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Telemarketers	41-9041	Line item	97.7	77.6	-20.1	-20.6	0.9	9.8	34,480	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous sales and related workers	41-9090	Summary	173.2	173.5	0.3	0.2	23.3	22.8	44,100	—	—	—
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	41-9091	Line item	36.4	30.6	-5.8	-15.9	76.1	4.0	34,910	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Sales and related workers, all other	41-9099	Line item	136.8	142.9	6.1	4.5	9.2	18.8	44,610	High school diploma or equivalent	None	None
Office and administrative support occupations	43-0000	Summary	19,891.4	18,663.8	-1,227.6	-6.2	1.9	2,059.8	44,480	—	—	—
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers	43-1000	Summary	1,567.2	1,486.4	-80.7	-5.2	0.8	137.7	63,450	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers	43-1011	Line item	1,567.2	1,486.4	-80.7	-5.2	0.8	137.7	63,450	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Communications equipment operators	43-2000	Summary	54.3	41.1	-13.1	-24.2	0.9	3.6	37,030	—	—	—
Switchboard operators, including answering service	43-2011	Line item	48.4	36.2	-12.1	-25.1	—	2.9	36,750	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Telephone operators	43-2021	Line item	4.1	3.0	-1.1	-26.6	—	0.4	38,080	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Communications equipment operators, all other	43-2099	Line item	1.8	1.9	0.1	5.9	26.4	0.3	49,310	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Financial clerks	43-3000	Summary	3,052.5	2,839.0	-213.5	-7.0	2.7	302.2	45,790	—	—	—
Bill and account collectors	43-3011	Line item	209.7	189.6	-20.1	-9.6	2.3	19.2	44,250	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Billing and posting clerks	43-3021	Line item	456.3	456.4	0.1	0.0	0.7	46.7	45,590	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	43-3031	Line item	1,735.8	1,627.5	-108.3	-6.2	4.1	183.9	47,440	Some college, no degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Gambling cage workers	43-3041	Line item	12.2	11.5	-0.7	-5.4	0.8	1.1	36,110	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Payroll and timekeeping clerks	43-3051	Line item	165.4	138.3	-27.2	-16.4	0.8	12.5	52,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Procurement clerks	43-3061	Line item	65.3	60.4	-4.9	-7.6	—	5.4	46,670	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tellers	43-3071	Line item	364.1	311.1	-52.9	-14.5	0.0	29.0	37,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Financial clerks, all other	43-3099	Line item	43.7	44.2	0.5	1.1	1.5	4.5	49,940	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Information and record clerks	43-4000	Summary	5,871.0	5,639.3	-231.7	-3.9	1.0	712.4	39,030	—	—	—
Brokerage clerks	43-4011	Line item	43.7	39.8	-3.9	-8.9	0.6	4.3	60,150	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Correspondence clerks	43-4021	Line item	6.0	5.6	-0.4	-5.9	12.5	0.6	42,120	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Court, municipal, and license clerks	43-4031	Line item	170.6	175.7	5.1	3.0	2.6	17.7	46,110	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	43-4041	Line item	16.4	15.5	-1.0	-5.8	—	1.2	48,000	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Customer service representatives	43-4051	Line item	2,982.9	2,820.2	-162.7	-5.5	0.6	373.4	39,680	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Eligibility interviewers, government programs	43-4061	Line item	157.5	161.0	3.5	2.2	—	14.1	50,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
File clerks	43-4071	Line item	91.1	76.5	-14.6	-16.0	0.8	8.8	38,130	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	43-4081	Line item	257.7	251.1	-6.6	-2.6	0.4	39.8	30,790	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	43-4111	Line item	175.4	157.6	-17.7	-10.1	0.3	18.2	40,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Library assistants, clerical	43-4121	Line item	82.9	78.2	-4.8	-5.8	0.8	13.5	34,020	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Loan interviewers and clerks	43-4131	Line item	247.1	244.6	-2.5	-1.0	0.8	20.0	47,380	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
New accounts clerks	43-4141	Line item	46.6	39.8	-6.7	-14.4	—	3.2	44,630	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Order clerks	43-4151	Line item	132.8	108.6	-24.2	-18.2	13.7	11.2	41,600	Some college, no degree	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	43-4161	Line item	107.6	102.4	-5.2	-4.9	0.6	11.1	47,710	Associate's degree	None	None
Receptionists and information clerks	43-4171	Line item	1,068.8	1,072.7	3.9	0.4	1.3	142.6	35,840	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	43-4181	Line item	123.0	124.6	1.6	1.3	0.5	13.8	40,610	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Information and record clerks, all other	43-4199	Line item	161.1	165.4	4.3	2.7	0.2	18.9	46,210	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers	43-5000	Summary	2,467.9	2,382.9	-84.9	-3.4	5.9	226.0	46,590	—	—	—
Cargo and freight agents	43-5011	Line item	95.9	105.2	9.3	9.7	0.8	11.0	48,330	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Couriers and messengers	43-5021	Line item	217.1	220.6	3.5	1.6	63.9	23.7	36,710	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Dispatchers	43-5030	Summary	314.3	315.4	1.1	0.3	1.0	30.1	47,530	—	—	—
Public safety telecommunicators	43-5031	Line item	99.5	102.9	3.4	3.4	—	10.4	48,890	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance	43-5032	Line item	214.8	212.5	-2.3	-1.1	1.5	19.7	46,860	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Meter readers, utilities	43-5041	Line item	21.1	18.5	-2.6	-12.2	—	1.4	47,720	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Postal service workers	43-5050	Summary	504.3	465.3	-39.0	-7.7	—	34.4	56,510	—	—	—
Postal service clerks	43-5051	Line item	74.8	69.8	-5.0	-6.7	—	5.6	59,570	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Postal service mail carriers	43-5052	Line item	314.5	293.5	-21.0	-6.7	—	20.6	56,330	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	43-5053	Line item	115.0	102.1	-13.0	-11.3	—	8.2	53,440	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Production, planning, and expediting clerks	43-5061	Line item	396.8	413.3	16.5	4.2	0.1	42.7	53,900	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks	43-5071	Line item	862.9	790.6	-72.2	-8.4	0.4	76.1	39,780	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	43-5111	Line item	55.6	54.0	-1.6	-2.8	—	6.5	43,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Secretaries and administrative assistants	43-6000	Summary	3,399.2	3,066.6	-332.6	-9.8	1.1	316.0	46,010	—	—	—
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants	43-6011	Line item	511.1	403.0	-108.1	-21.1	0.4	35.6	70,310	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants	43-6012	Line item	161.4	126.2	-35.3	-21.8	0.2	12.7	50,680	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants	43-6013	Line item	696.6	743.2	46.6	6.7	—	79.3	40,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive	43-6014	Line item	2,030.2	1,794.3	-235.9	-11.6	1.7	188.4	44,280	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Other office and administrative support workers	43-9000	Summary	3,479.4	3,208.4	-271.0	-7.8	1.3	362.0	40,950	—	—	—
Data entry and information processing workers	43-9020	Summary	209.6	149.5	-60.1	-28.7	1.9	15.3	38,970	—	—	—
Data entry keyers	43-9021	Line item	165.6	122.5	-43.1	-26.0	2.0	12.3	37,790	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Word processors and typists	43-9022	Line item	44.0	27.0	-17.0	-38.6	1.8	3.0	46,450	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Desktop publishers	43-9031	Line item	8.5	7.4	-1.1	-13.5	17.3	0.7	51,290	Associate's degree	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	43-9041	Line item	259.0	250.8	-8.2	-3.2	0.4	22.1	46,900	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	43-9051	Line item	72.8	69.4	-3.4	-4.7	1.7	8.9	36,880	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Office clerks, general	43-9061	Line item	2,668.2	2,492.8	-175.4	-6.6	0.5	290.1	40,480	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Office machine operators, except computer	43-9071	Line item	31.6	27.1	-4.5	-14.2	—	3.5	37,450	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Proofreaders and copy markers	43-9081	Line item	7.2	6.9	-0.3	-3.9	18.7	0.9	48,790	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Statistical assistants	43-9111	Line item	7.4	7.2	-0.1	-1.7	—	0.6	50,510	Bachelor's degree	None	None
Office and administrative support workers, all other	43-9199	Line item	215.1	197.3	-17.8	-8.3	9.9	19.8	43,230	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	45-0000	Summary	996.4	977.2	-19.2	-1.9	6.7	142.0	35,520	—	—	—
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	45-1000	Summary	56.6	58.1	1.5	2.7	8.9	7.7	57,320	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	45-1011	Line item	56.6	58.1	1.5	2.7	8.9	7.7	57,320	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Agricultural workers	45-2000	Summary	848.8	831.6	-17.2	-2.0	4.3	122.0	34,910	—	—	—
Agricultural inspectors	45-2011	Line item	14.1	14.4	0.3	2.0	1.4	2.3	48,010	Bachelor's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Animal breeders	45-2021	Line item	6.5	6.6	0.1	2.1	2.0	1.0	47,540	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Graders and sorters, agricultural products	45-2041	Line item	30.1	28.5	-1.5	-5.1	—	4.1	34,360	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous agricultural workers	45-2090	Summary	798.1	782.0	-16.1	-2.0	4.5	114.7	34,790	—	—	—
Agricultural equipment operators	45-2091	Line item	64.0	69.5	5.5	8.6	4.6	10.4	39,690	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse	45-2092	Line item	523.5	512.2	-11.3	-2.2	5.6	75.1	34,470	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals	45-2093	Line item	199.4	188.9	-10.5	-5.3	1.6	27.5	35,120	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Agricultural workers, all other	45-2099	Line item	11.2	11.4	0.2	1.8	4.5	1.7	40,620	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Fishing and hunting workers	45-3000	Summary	27.3	27.2	-0.1	-0.4	36.3	3.5	—	—	—	—
Fishing and hunting workers	45-3031	Line item	27.3	27.2	-0.1	-0.4	36.3	3.5	—	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forest, conservation, and logging workers	45-4000	Summary	63.6	60.2	-3.4	-5.3	24.5	8.9	46,910	—	—	—
Forest and conservation workers	45-4011	Line item	11.3	10.3	-1.0	-8.7	9.2	1.8	33,940	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Logging workers	45-4020	Summary	52.3	49.9	-2.4	-4.6	27.8	7.1	48,910	—	—	—
Fallers	45-4021	Line item	6.5	5.9	-0.6	-9.4	27.6	0.8	53,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Logging equipment operators	45-4022	Line item	35.3	34.0	-1.3	-3.8	27.8	4.8	48,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Log graders and scalers	45-4023	Line item	5.6	5.5	-0.1	-1.6	27.8	0.8	45,600	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Logging workers, all other	45-4029	Line item	4.9	4.6	-0.3	-7.0	28.2	0.6	52,480	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Construction and extraction occupations	47-0000	Summary	7,335.5	7,520.6	185.1	2.5	16.1	646.1	55,680	—	—	—
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers	47-1000	Summary	809.9	830.3	20.4	2.5	10.0	66.6	76,760	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers	47-1011	Line item	809.9	830.3	20.4	2.5	10.0	66.6	76,760	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	None
Construction trades workers	47-2000	Summary	5,629.0	5,786.1	157.1	2.8	19.0	488.1	52,000	—	—	—
Boilermakers	47-2011	Line item	13.7	13.1	-0.5	-4.0	—	1.1	71,140	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	47-2020	Summary	86.5	86.0	-0.5	-0.5	24.1	6.8	58,810	—	—	—
Brickmasons and blockmasons	47-2021	Line item	73.0	73.3	0.3	0.5	24.0	5.9	59,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Stonemasons	47-2022	Line item	13.5	12.7	-0.8	-5.9	24.2	1.0	51,830	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Carpenters	47-2031	Line item	956.3	964.9	8.6	0.9	26.7	79.5	56,350	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	47-2040	Summary	120.9	124.4	3.5	2.9	30.0	9.8	48,690	—	—	—
Carpet installers	47-2041	Line item	25.1	22.3	-2.8	-11.1	30.2	1.5	47,520	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles	47-2042	Line item	30.2	32.3	2.2	7.3	30.0	2.6	48,840	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Floor sanders and finishers	47-2043	Line item	6.2	6.2	0.0	0.1	30.0	0.5	47,760	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tile and stone setters	47-2044	Line item	59.4	63.5	4.1	6.9	29.9	5.1	48,910	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	47-2050	Summary	207.7	199.3	-8.5	-4.1	4.2	14.3	50,710	—	—	—
Cement masons and concrete finishers	47-2051	Line item	206.2	197.9	-8.3	-4.0	4.2	14.2	50,720	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Terrazzo workers and finishers	47-2053	Line item	1.6	1.4	-0.2	-12.2	4.1	0.1	48,900	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Construction laborers	47-2061	Line item	1,418.6	1,480.5	61.9	4.4	28.3	129.4	45,300	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Construction equipment operators	47-2070	Summary	483.3	496.6	13.3	2.7	2.1	42.3	55,270	—	—	—
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	47-2071	Line item	42.3	43.9	1.6	3.7	2.3	3.8	48,980	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Pile driver operators	47-2072	Line item	3.3	3.4	0.1	3.2	2.6	0.3	63,550	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	47-2073	Line item	437.6	449.2	11.6	2.7	2.1	38.2	56,160	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	47-2080	Summary	134.5	135.9	1.4	1.1	21.7	9.0	57,010	—	—	—
Drywall and ceiling tile installers	47-2081	Line item	116.4	118.2	1.9	1.6	21.7	7.9	55,700	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tapers	47-2082	Line item	18.1	17.7	-0.4	-2.3	21.7	1.1	63,350	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electricians	47-2111	Line item	762.6	811.8	49.2	6.4	7.9	73.5	61,590	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Glaziers	47-2121	Line item	54.5	55.7	1.2	2.2	5.5	5.5	51,100	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Insulation workers	47-2130	Summary	61.6	62.6	1.0	1.7	3.7	4.8	49,350	—	—	—
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall	47-2131	Line item	34.4	35.0	0.6	1.7	3.8	2.7	47,540	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Insulation workers, mechanical	47-2132	Line item	27.2	27.6	0.5	1.7	3.6	2.1	53,920	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Painters and paperhangers	47-2140	Summary	376.3	382.0	5.7	1.5	41.3	29.6	47,710	—	—	—
Painters, construction and maintenance	47-2141	Line item	372.4	377.9	5.5	1.5	41.3	29.3	47,700	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Paperhangers	47-2142	Line item	3.9	4.0	0.1	3.7	42.2	0.3	48,460	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	47-2150	Summary	520.7	529.9	9.2	1.8	9.1	45.2	60,890	—	—	—
Pipelayers	47-2151	Line item	38.0	36.3	-1.7	-4.4	2.4	2.6	47,330	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	47-2152	Line item	482.7	493.6	10.9	2.3	9.6	42.6	61,550	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Plasterers and stucco masons	47-2161	Line item	27.3	27.9	0.6	2.1	5.4	2.0	52,640	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers	47-2171	Line item	22.8	23.1	0.3	1.2	24.3	1.9	54,850	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Roofers	47-2181	Line item	154.5	157.6	3.1	2.0	14.1	12.2	50,030	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sheet metal workers	47-2211	Line item	126.2	126.0	-0.2	-0.1	2.6	11.4	58,780	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Structural iron and steel workers	47-2221	Line item	71.6	72.9	1.3	1.8	6.4	6.3	62,760	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Solar photovoltaic installers	47-2231	Line item	29.4	35.9	6.6	22.3	5.3	3.5	48,800	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers, construction trades	47-3000	Summary	206.2	202.2	-4.0	-2.0	0.6	22.0	38,630	—	—	—
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters	47-3011	Line item	17.9	15.9	-2.0	-10.9	0.6	1.7	42,470	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers--carpenters	47-3012	Line item	25.1	23.7	-1.3	-5.3	0.6	2.5	39,380	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers--electricians	47-3013	Line item	72.5	70.0	-2.5	-3.5	0.6	7.6	38,340	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons	47-3014	Line item	8.7	8.9	0.1	1.5	0.6	1.0	37,010	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	47-3015	Line item	47.8	48.9	1.1	2.3	0.6	5.4	37,650	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers--roofers	47-3016	Line item	5.9	6.0	0.1	2.0	—	0.7	38,620	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Helpers, construction trades, all other	47-3019	Line item	28.3	28.8	0.4	1.6	0.6	3.2	40,220	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Other construction and related workers	47-4000	Summary	480.9	494.3	13.4	2.8	5.4	48.3	52,900	—	—	—
Construction and building inspectors	47-4011	Line item	142.4	140.2	-2.2	-1.5	7.1	15.7	67,700	High school diploma or equivalent	5 years or more	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers	47-4021	Line item	25.1	25.5	0.4	1.5	—	2.1	102,420	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Fence erectors	47-4031	Line item	35.2	34.9	-0.3	-0.7	24.0	2.9	44,410	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Hazardous materials removal workers	47-4041	Line item	48.7	49.1	0.4	0.8	2.9	5.2	47,280	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Highway maintenance workers	47-4051	Line item	151.2	163.2	12.0	7.9	1.7	15.2	47,360	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	47-4061	Line item	16.5	16.7	0.2	1.4	—	1.2	67,000	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners	47-4071	Line item	29.5	31.7	2.2	7.4	5.4	3.0	46,910	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous construction and related workers	47-4090	Line item	32.3	33.0	0.6	2.0	6.3	3.0	47,090	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Extraction workers	47-5000	Summary	209.5	207.8	-1.7	-0.8	2.9	21.1	51,780	—	—	—
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas	47-5010	Summary	64.6	64.7	0.1	0.2	2.2	6.5	58,100	—	—	—
Derrick operators, oil and gas	47-5011	Line item	11.9	11.9	0.1	0.5	2.2	1.2	58,210	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas	47-5012	Line item	13.2	13.2	0.0	0.1	2.2	1.3	61,770	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Service unit operators, oil and gas	47-5013	Line item	39.5	39.5	0.1	0.1	2.2	4.0	55,750	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Surface mining machine operators and earth drillers	47-5020	Summary	56.8	55.8	-0.9	-1.7	6.1	5.5	51,930	—	—	—
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining	47-5022	Line item	36.4	35.0	-1.4	-3.8	6.0	3.4	50,050	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Earth drillers, except oil and gas	47-5023	Line item	20.4	20.8	0.4	2.2	6.1	2.1	56,660	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Long-term on-the-job training
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	47-5032	Line item	4.9	4.9	0.1	1.1	—	0.4	61,590	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Long-term on-the-job training
Underground mining machine operators	47-5040	Summary	23.4	21.2	-2.2	-9.3	0.6	2.2	63,770	—	—	—
Continuous mining machine operators	47-5041	Line item	13.9	13.5	-0.4	-3.2	0.6	1.4	61,420	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Roof bolters, mining	47-5043	Line item	1.8	1.3	-0.5	-28.5	—	0.1	66,660	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining	47-5044	Line item	5.4	4.4	-1.0	-17.7	—	0.4	64,070	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Underground mining machine operators, all other	47-5049	Line item	2.3	2.0	-0.3	-12.5	—	0.2	68,910	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rock splitters, quarry	47-5051	Line item	4.1	4.1	0.1	1.9	—	0.5	46,530	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Roustabouts, oil and gas	47-5071	Line item	42.1	43.3	1.2	2.9	2.2	4.4	46,340	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers--extraction workers	47-5081	Line item	7.2	7.2	0.1	0.8	—	0.8	45,520	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Extraction workers, all other	47-5099	Line item	6.6	6.4	-0.1	-1.8	—	0.7	49,580	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	49-0000	Summary	6,315.3	6,543.7	228.4	3.6	4.7	582.1	53,920	—	—	—
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers	49-1000	Summary	576.2	590.2	14.0	2.4	0.0	49.2	75,820	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers	49-1011	Line item	576.2	590.2	14.0	2.4	0.0	49.2	75,820	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	49-2000	Summary	527.5	528.0	0.5	0.1	4.8	50.5	59,420	—	—	—
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	49-2011	Line item	96.4	86.0	-10.4	-10.8	13.9	7.7	45,760	Some college, no degree	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	49-2020	Summary	187.1	198.6	11.4	6.1	2.2	20.5	61,270	—	—	—
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers	49-2021	Line item	13.5	13.9	0.5	3.4	2.0	1.4	61,310	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers	49-2022	Line item	173.7	184.7	11.0	6.3	2.2	19.1	61,270	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	49-2090	Summary	244.0	243.4	-0.6	-0.2	3.2	22.3	61,190	—	—	—
Avionics technicians	49-2091	Line item	20.8	21.7	0.9	4.3	—	1.9	77,420	Associate's degree	None	None
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	49-2092	Line item	16.1	16.5	0.4	2.5	2.8	1.3	49,230	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment	49-2093	Line item	7.9	8.3	0.4	4.8	—	0.7	79,160	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment	49-2094	Line item	53.6	53.2	-0.4	-0.7	0.5	4.4	66,680	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay	49-2095	Line item	26.1	25.4	-0.7	-2.7	0.5	2.1	96,600	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles	49-2096	Line item	9.7	7.9	-1.7	-18.0	0.6	0.6	45,570	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers	49-2097	Line item	26.9	25.2	-1.8	-6.5	16.4	2.3	48,380	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Security and fire alarm systems installers	49-2098	Line item	83.0	85.3	2.3	2.8	2.8	8.9	56,430	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	49-3000	Summary	1,847.8	1,890.4	42.5	2.3	9.2	163.7	50,790	—	—	—
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	49-3011	Line item	140.2	146.2	6.1	4.3	1.2	10.9	75,020	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Automotive technicians and repairers	49-3020	Summary	957.4	972.4	15.0	1.6	13.5	82.8	47,990	—	—	—
Automotive body and related repairers	49-3021	Line item	153.3	155.2	1.9	1.2	8.0	13.4	48,740	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Automotive glass installers and repairers	49-3022	Line item	21.9	22.2	0.4	1.7	19.4	1.7	45,320	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Automotive service technicians and mechanics	49-3023	Line item	782.2	795.0	12.8	1.6	14.4	67.7	47,770	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	49-3031	Line item	291.6	294.1	2.5	0.9	4.6	24.3	58,970	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	49-3040	Summary	234.8	247.8	13.0	5.5	4.9	21.1	61,000	—	—	—
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians	49-3041	Line item	45.6	49.3	3.7	8.1	4.5	4.3	49,210	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines	49-3042	Line item	169.1	177.6	8.6	5.1	5.0	15.1	61,900	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Rail car repairers	49-3043	Line item	20.1	20.8	0.7	3.6	4.9	1.8	65,030	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Small engine mechanics	49-3050	Summary	88.0	90.5	2.5	2.8	13.4	9.0	46,500	—	—	—
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians	49-3051	Line item	29.3	31.0	1.7	5.7	13.5	3.1	49,990	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Motorcycle mechanics	49-3052	Line item	17.1	17.4	0.3	1.8	13.7	1.7	46,270	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics	49-3053	Line item	41.6	42.1	0.5	1.2	13.1	4.2	44,140	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	49-3090	Summary	135.9	139.3	3.4	2.5	2.0	15.5	36,550	—	—	—
Bicycle repairers	49-3091	Line item	14.4	14.9	0.5	3.8	2.0	1.7	38,320	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Recreational vehicle service technicians	49-3092	Line item	17.7	19.4	1.7	9.8	2.0	2.2	47,950	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Tire repairers and changers	49-3093	Line item	103.8	105.0	1.2	1.1	2.0	11.6	35,790	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	49-9000	Summary	3,363.8	3,535.2	171.5	5.1	3.0	318.7	50,200	—	—	—
Control and valve installers and repairers	49-9010	Summary	75.9	78.3	2.4	3.2	0.4	5.9	59,040	—	—	—
Mechanical door repairers	49-9011	Line item	28.0	30.6	2.7	9.6	0.5	2.4	48,650	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door	49-9012	Line item	47.9	47.6	-0.3	-0.6	0.4	3.4	70,100	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	49-9021	Line item	415.8	438.8	23.0	5.5	7.8	37.7	57,300	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Home appliance repairers	49-9031	Line item	36.6	35.1	-1.6	-4.3	19.1	2.9	47,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers	49-9040	Summary	508.5	573.1	64.6	12.7	1.6	49.1	61,160	—	—	—
Industrial machinery mechanics	49-9041	Line item	402.2	462.1	59.9	14.9	1.9	39.2	61,420	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Maintenance workers, machinery	49-9043	Line item	63.6	67.1	3.5	5.5	—	6.4	57,350	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Millwrights	49-9044	Line item	42.1	43.4	1.3	3.0	1.1	3.5	62,980	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons	49-9045	Line item	0.6	0.5	-0.1	-21.4	—	0.0	48,410	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Line installers and repairers	49-9050	Summary	234.5	245.5	11.0	4.7	1.4	20.6	78,810	—	—	—
Electrical power-line installers and repairers	49-9051	Line item	122.4	125.8	3.5	2.8	0.1	9.7	85,420	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Telecommunications line installers and repairers	49-9052	Line item	112.1	119.6	7.5	6.7	2.9	11.0	64,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Precision instrument and equipment repairers	49-9060	Summary	89.9	97.5	7.5	8.4	9.4	9.2	59,380	—	—	—
Camera and photographic equipment repairers	49-9061	Line item	2.4	2.4	0.0	1.1	8.1	0.2	46,850	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Medical equipment repairers	49-9062	Line item	66.4	75.1	8.8	13.2	9.6	7.3	60,670	Associate's degree	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Musical instrument repairers and tuners	49-9063	Line item	7.0	6.3	-0.7	-9.4	9.9	0.5	42,800	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Apprenticeship
Watch and clock repairers	49-9064	Line item	2.1	1.4	-0.6	-29.8	10.2	0.1	58,140	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other	49-9069	Line item	12.1	12.1	0.0	0.0	8.0	1.1	62,040	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Maintenance and repair workers, general	49-9071	Line item	1,607.2	1,664.4	57.2	3.6	0.9	152.4	46,700	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Wind turbine service technicians	49-9081	Line item	11.2	16.2	5.0	44.9	10.6	1.8	61,770	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers	49-9090	Summary	384.1	386.5	2.4	0.6	7.0	39.1	44,470	—	—	—
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	49-9091	Line item	39.2	38.5	-0.7	-1.7	7.0	4.2	44,980	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Commercial divers	49-9092	Line item	4.4	4.7	0.3	6.0	10.4	0.5	61,300	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Locksmiths and safe repairers	49-9094	Line item	18.2	16.1	-2.0	-11.1	14.6	1.7	48,380	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Manufactured building and mobile home installers	49-9095	Line item	4.1	3.2	-0.9	-21.0	10.7	0.3	38,980	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Riggers	49-9096	Line item	19.7	20.0	0.3	1.4	—	2.0	56,220	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Signal and track switch repairers	49-9097	Line item	6.6	6.7	0.1	1.2	9.3	0.6	82,710	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	49-9098	Line item	96.5	98.9	2.4	2.5	1.3	11.0	36,710	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other	49-9099	Line item	195.4	198.3	2.9	1.5	9.7	18.8	46,500	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Production occupations	51-0000	Summary	9,134.5	8,845.8	-288.7	-3.2	2.7	933.0	43,630	—	—	—
Supervisors of production workers	51-1000	Summary	681.7	683.7	1.9	0.3	1.5	63.3	65,930	—	—	—
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers	51-1011	Line item	681.7	683.7	1.9	0.3	1.5	63.3	65,930	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Assemblers and fabricators	51-2000	Summary	1,961.9	1,836.2	-125.7	-6.4	1.3	188.6	39,720	—	—	—
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	51-2011	Line item	33.9	28.8	-5.1	-15.2	1.4	2.8	61,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	51-2020	Summary	294.0	304.9	10.9	3.7	0.8	32.7	40,700	—	—	—
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers	51-2021	Line item	11.1	9.3	-1.8	-16.6	0.8	0.9	44,890	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers	51-2028	Line item	282.9	295.6	12.7	4.5	0.8	31.8	40,490	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Engine and other machine assemblers	51-2031	Line item	50.9	41.3	-9.6	-18.9	—	4.7	50,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Structural metal fabricators and fitters	51-2041	Line item	59.6	49.8	-9.8	-16.4	—	4.6	48,480	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators	51-2051	Line item	22.6	22.5	-0.1	-0.3	1.5	2.4	40,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Timing device assemblers and adjusters	51-2061	Line item	0.4	0.3	-0.1	-18.7	—	0.0	48,840	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	51-2090	Line item	1,500.4	1,388.6	-111.8	-7.5	1.5	141.4	38,920	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food processing workers	51-3000	Summary	841.7	869.3	27.6	3.3	1.7	115.4	36,850	—	—	—
Bakers	51-3011	Line item	218.8	229.6	10.8	4.9	4.0	33.8	34,950	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	51-3020	Summary	353.8	354.1	0.4	0.1	0.4	41.7	37,200	—	—	—
Butchers and meat cutters	51-3021	Line item	131.6	130.1	-1.6	-1.2	0.4	15.3	37,650	No formal educational credential	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers	51-3022	Line item	141.0	143.8	2.8	2.0	0.4	17.0	36,300	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Slaughterers and meat packers	51-3023	Line item	81.1	80.3	-0.8	-1.0	0.4	9.4	38,160	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous food processing workers	51-3090	Summary	269.2	285.6	16.4	6.1	1.6	39.9	38,130	—	—	—
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	51-3091	Line item	21.5	22.2	0.7	3.0	4.7	3.0	39,850	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food batchmakers	51-3092	Line item	171.5	185.0	13.4	7.8	1.2	27.8	38,460	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food cooking machine operators and tenders	51-3093	Line item	27.3	27.7	0.4	1.6	0.3	3.9	38,550	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food processing workers, all other	51-3099	Line item	48.8	50.7	1.9	3.9	2.4	5.2	36,890	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Metal workers and plastic workers	51-4000	Summary	1,693.4	1,640.7	-52.7	-3.1	1.5	156.9	46,860	—	—	—
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4020	Summary	103.4	97.5	-5.9	-5.7	—	9.6	45,410	—	—	—
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4021	Line item	64.3	63.1	-1.2	-1.9	—	6.4	44,390	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4022	Line item	10.9	9.3	-1.6	-14.6	—	0.9	46,990	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4023	Line item	28.2	25.1	-3.1	-11.0	—	2.4	47,040	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4030	Summary	301.8	269.3	-32.5	-10.8	0.0	26.1	43,300	—	—	—
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4031	Line item	184.8	164.7	-20.1	-10.9	—	14.9	42,400	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4032	Line item	6.6	5.4	-1.2	-18.3	—	0.6	44,620	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4033	Line item	75.0	67.9	-7.1	-9.5	0.2	6.8	42,610	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4034	Line item	19.7	17.8	-1.9	-9.4	—	2.2	47,110	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4035	Line item	15.7	13.5	-2.2	-13.9	—	1.6	47,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Machinists	51-4041	Line item	327.0	333.3	6.3	1.9	1.4	32.6	50,840	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters	51-4050	Summary	25.9	23.7	-2.2	-8.4	—	2.2	50,200	—	—	—
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders	51-4051	Line item	19.7	18.1	-1.6	-8.2	—	1.7	50,250	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Pourers and casters, metal	51-4052	Line item	6.2	5.6	-0.6	-9.1	—	0.5	48,690	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic	51-4060	Summary	5.7	4.5	-1.1	-19.9	—	0.3	58,840	—	—	—
Model makers, metal and plastic	51-4061	Line item	3.4	2.8	-0.6	-18.8	—	0.2	64,190	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Patternmakers, metal and plastic	51-4062	Line item	2.3	1.8	-0.5	-21.6	—	0.1	49,670	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4070	Summary	179.4	170.5	-8.9	-5.0	0.0	14.6	39,170	—	—	—
Foundry mold and coremakers	51-4071	Line item	11.5	8.8	-2.7	-23.5	—	0.6	44,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4072	Line item	167.9	161.7	-6.2	-3.7	0.0	13.9	38,870	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4081	Line item	139.9	140.7	0.8	0.6	0.7	13.6	41,600	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tool and die makers	51-4111	Line item	62.7	57.4	-5.3	-8.5	—	5.6	61,490	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	51-4120	Summary	464.7	468.1	3.4	0.7	4.0	45.4	48,680	—	—	—
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers	51-4121	Line item	431.8	438.0	6.2	1.4	4.0	42.6	48,940	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-4122	Line item	32.9	30.1	-2.8	-8.4	4.0	2.8	45,350	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers	51-4190	Summary	83.0	75.5	-7.4	-8.9	0.7	6.9	43,260	—	—	—
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4191	Line item	16.0	14.6	-1.5	-9.1	0.7	1.3	44,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Layout workers, metal and plastic	51-4192	Line item	7.1	6.4	-0.7	-10.2	—	0.6	62,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	51-4193	Line item	32.9	29.8	-3.1	-9.4	0.7	2.7	39,740	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners	51-4194	Line item	5.5	5.0	-0.5	-8.5	—	0.5	46,410	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other	51-4199	Line item	21.4	19.8	-1.7	-7.8	0.7	1.8	41,200	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Printing workers	51-5100	Summary	222.5	198.1	-24.4	-11.0	3.2	19.7	40,870	—	—	—
Prepress technicians and workers	51-5111	Line item	25.7	21.3	-4.4	-17.1	1.4	2.5	45,070	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	None
Printing press operators	51-5112	Line item	155.5	142.3	-13.2	-8.5	2.9	14.4	41,860	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Print binding and finishing workers	51-5113	Line item	41.4	34.6	-6.8	-16.4	5.4	2.8	38,100	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers	51-6000	Summary	536.3	490.3	-46.0	-8.6	10.8	57.7	34,110	—	—	—
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	51-6011	Line item	184.4	182.0	-2.3	-1.3	1.9	24.5	31,050	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	51-6021	Line item	29.8	23.3	-6.5	-21.8	1.8	2.7	32,240	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Sewing machine operators	51-6031	Line item	141.9	120.3	-21.6	-15.2	17.0	12.5	34,440	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Shoe and leather workers	51-6040	Summary	13.1	11.7	-1.4	-10.9	8.0	1.3	36,300	—	—	—
Shoe and leather workers and repairers	51-6041	Line item	9.8	8.7	-1.1	-11.0	8.0	1.0	36,020	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Shoe machine operators and tenders	51-6042	Line item	3.3	2.9	-0.4	-10.9	8.0	0.3	36,970	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	51-6050	Summary	40.9	35.1	-5.7	-14.0	49.0	4.6	35,680	—	—	—
Sewers, hand	51-6051	Line item	6.9	5.8	-1.1	-15.8	49.0	0.8	32,240	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers	51-6052	Line item	33.9	29.3	-4.6	-13.6	49.0	3.8	36,650	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-6060	Summary	60.9	55.0	-5.9	-9.7	2.0	5.8	36,150	—	—	—
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders	51-6061	Line item	7.0	6.4	-0.7	-9.5	2.0	0.7	35,340	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-6062	Line item	11.1	9.9	-1.2	-10.8	2.1	1.0	36,620	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-6063	Line item	17.8	15.9	-1.9	-10.5	2.0	1.7	37,130	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-6064	Line item	25.0	22.9	-2.2	-8.6	2.0	2.4	35,530	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers	51-6090	Summary	65.4	62.8	-2.5	-3.9	11.3	6.3	40,560	—	—	—
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers	51-6091	Line item	16.3	15.9	-0.4	-2.3	9.0	1.7	44,030	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Fabric and apparel patternmakers	51-6092	Line item	3.4	3.1	-0.2	-7.4	9.2	0.3	62,510	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Upholsterers	51-6093	Line item	31.5	30.7	-0.8	-2.5	13.9	2.8	42,730	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other	51-6099	Line item	14.3	13.2	-1.1	-7.8	8.7	1.4	35,130	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Woodworkers	51-7000	Summary	253.9	250.7	-3.2	-1.3	8.2	25.0	39,350	—	—	—
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	51-7011	Line item	105.7	103.7	-2.0	-1.9	8.9	9.8	43,260	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Furniture finishers	51-7021	Line item	19.2	19.1	-0.1	-0.7	21.8	2.2	39,790	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Model makers and patternmakers, wood	51-7030	Summary	1.6	1.5	-0.1	-4.0	31.4	0.2	48,290	—	—	—
Model makers, wood	51-7031	Line item	1.1	1.0	0.0	-3.6	31.5	0.1	45,040	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Patternmakers, wood	51-7032	Line item	0.5	0.5	0.0	-5.1	31.3	0.1	48,630	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-7040	Summary	114.0	113.4	-0.6	-0.5	2.1	11.4	38,140	—	—	—
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	51-7041	Line item	49.4	49.5	0.1	0.1	4.8	5.5	38,000	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	51-7042	Line item	64.6	63.9	-0.6	-1.0	—	5.9	38,260	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Woodworkers, all other	51-7099	Line item	13.5	13.0	-0.5	-3.6	31.4	1.5	37,760	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Plant and system operators	51-8000	Summary	287.8	273.0	-14.8	-5.1	0.5	24.2	67,100	—	—	—
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	51-8010	Summary	47.3	42.6	-4.7	-10.0	—	3.2	100,890	—	—	—
Nuclear power reactor operators	51-8011	Line item	5.5	5.3	-0.2	-3.3	—	0.4	120,350	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Power distributors and dispatchers	51-8012	Line item	9.6	9.1	-0.5	-5.0	—	0.7	104,750	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Power plant operators	51-8013	Line item	32.2	28.2	-4.0	-12.5	—	2.1	97,010	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Stationary engineers and boiler operators	51-8021	Line item	33.5	34.4	1.0	2.8	—	3.6	67,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators	51-8031	Line item	124.8	116.9	-7.9	-6.3	1.2	10.5	54,890	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous plant and system operators	51-8090	Summary	82.2	79.1	-3.1	-3.8	—	7.0	80,710	—	—	—
Chemical plant and system operators	51-8091	Line item	19.3	18.6	-0.6	-3.2	—	1.7	80,030	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Gas plant operators	51-8092	Line item	14.8	13.0	-1.7	-11.7	—	1.1	82,560	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers	51-8093	Line item	32.2	31.5	-0.7	-2.3	—	2.8	94,580	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Plant and system operators, all other	51-8099	Line item	15.9	15.9	0.0	-0.2	—	1.4	56,940	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Other production occupations	51-9000	Summary	2,655.3	2,603.9	-51.4	-1.9	3.1	282.1	43,880	—	—	—
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9010	Summary	175.9	171.2	-4.6	-2.6	1.2	15.6	50,300	—	—	—
Chemical equipment operators and tenders	51-9011	Line item	120.2	113.7	-6.6	-5.5	1.2	10.2	51,720	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9012	Line item	55.6	57.6	1.9	3.4	1.2	5.4	48,120	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	51-9020	Summary	157.3	155.2	-2.1	-1.3	1.5	15.7	45,460	—	—	—
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9021	Line item	28.8	27.8	-1.0	-3.5	1.5	2.8	44,510	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Grinding and polishing workers, hand	51-9022	Line item	14.5	11.7	-2.8	-19.5	1.5	1.0	38,940	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9023	Line item	114.0	115.8	1.7	1.5	1.5	11.8	46,100	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cutting workers	51-9030	Summary	64.0	59.4	-4.6	-7.2	1.1	6.1	43,300	—	—	—
Cutters and trimmers, hand	51-9031	Line item	8.3	5.9	-2.3	-28.2	1.1	0.5	37,040	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9032	Line item	55.8	53.4	-2.3	-4.1	1.1	5.6	44,310	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9041	Line item	60.0	59.2	-0.8	-1.3	—	5.8	42,670	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	51-9051	Line item	16.2	16.2	0.1	0.4	5.0	1.8	45,640	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	51-9061	Line item	595.4	572.4	-23.0	-3.9	1.1	64.3	45,850	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	51-9071	Line item	47.2	45.8	-1.4	-2.9	45.5	6.1	47,450	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians	51-9080	Summary	73.4	72.4	-1.0	-1.3	4.8	8.3	44,640	—	—	—
Dental laboratory technicians	51-9081	Line item	35.4	33.8	-1.6	-4.5	4.7	3.8	47,690	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Medical appliance technicians	51-9082	Line item	16.6	17.1	0.4	2.5	4.8	2.0	44,960	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians	51-9083	Line item	21.3	21.6	0.2	1.1	4.8	2.5	37,720	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	51-9111	Line item	373.2	390.5	17.3	4.6	0.3	42.4	38,330	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Painting workers	51-9120	Summary	185.9	186.9	1.0	0.5	10.2	16.7	45,340	—	—	—
Painting, coating, and decorating workers	51-9123	Line item	13.5	13.5	0.0	0.1	10.1	1.2	40,230	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9124	Line item	172.4	173.4	1.0	0.6	10.2	15.5	45,560	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Semiconductor processing technicians	51-9141	Line item	24.6	26.6	2.0	8.0	—	2.9	45,850	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	51-9151	Line item	6.4	5.6	-0.8	-12.5	15.6	0.7	35,620	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers	51-9160	Summary	210.3	200.2	-10.1	-4.8	—	17.5	49,690	—	—	—
Computer numerically controlled tool operators	51-9161	Line item	181.8	167.2	-14.6	-8.1	—	14.3	48,550	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers	51-9162	Line item	28.5	33.0	4.6	16.0	—	3.2	63,440	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous production workers	51-9190	Summary	665.6	642.3	-23.3	-3.5	3.5	78.1	38,750	—	—	—
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders	51-9191	Line item	11.4	11.2	-0.3	-2.2	—	1.0	43,540	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	51-9192	Line item	14.0	14.5	0.5	3.8	5.9	1.6	39,340	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders	51-9193	Line item	7.1	7.4	0.4	5.1	5.6	0.8	42,420	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Etchers and engravers	51-9194	Line item	8.5	8.4	0.0	-0.2	—	1.3	40,040	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	51-9195	Line item	44.7	45.8	1.1	2.4	11.1	5.8	43,310	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	51-9196	Line item	92.7	82.5	-10.2	-11.0	—	8.8	47,250	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tire builders	51-9197	Line item	18.9	18.1	-0.8	-4.3	—	1.8	54,080	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers--production workers	51-9198	Line item	193.0	175.1	-17.9	-9.3	0.7	26.9	36,700	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Production workers, all other	51-9199	Line item	275.3	279.2	3.9	1.4	5.7	30.1	37,430	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Transportation and material moving occupations	53-0000	Summary	14,302.8	15,082.2	779.4	5.4	4.1	1,920.8	40,050	—	—	—
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers	53-1000	Summary	609.1	637.9	28.8	4.7	0.4	64.8	60,500	—	—	—
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors	53-1041	Line item	8.0	8.7	0.7	8.6	—	0.9	58,920	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors	53-1047	Line item	601.1	629.2	28.1	4.7	0.4	63.9	60,510	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	None
Air transportation workers	53-2000	Summary	291.7	311.0	19.3	6.6	0.5	36.9	97,320	—	—	—
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	53-2010	Summary	142.6	148.1	5.6	3.9	0.9	16.8	171,210	—	—	—
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers	53-2011	Line item	91.7	95.2	3.5	3.9	—	10.8	219,140	Bachelor's degree	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Commercial pilots	53-2012	Line item	50.9	52.9	2.1	4.0	2.6	6.0	113,080	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	53-2020	Summary	38.0	39.1	1.1	2.8	—	3.4	91,290	—	—	—
Air traffic controllers	53-2021	Line item	23.0	23.3	0.3	1.4	—	2.0	137,380	Associate's degree	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Airfield operations specialists	53-2022	Line item	15.0	15.8	0.7	4.9	—	1.4	51,140	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Long-term on-the-job training
Flight attendants	53-2031	Line item	111.1	123.8	12.6	11.4	—	16.6	68,370	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Motor vehicle operators	53-3000	Summary	4,887.0	5,224.7	337.7	6.9	10.1	589.2	47,490	—	—	—
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	53-3011	Line item	10.1	10.1	0.0	0.2	—	1.4	32,580	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	53-3030	Summary	3,897.8	4,162.8	265.0	6.8	7.5	445.0	48,120	—	—	—
Driver/sales workers	53-3031	Line item	541.0	582.9	41.9	7.7	7.6	62.5	35,420	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers	53-3032	Line item	2,192.3	2,281.5	89.3	4.1	7.5	241.2	54,320	Postsecondary nondegree award	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Light truck drivers	53-3033	Line item	1,164.6	1,298.4	133.8	11.5	7.6	141.3	42,470	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Passenger vehicle drivers	53-3050	Summary	910.8	978.1	67.3	7.4	19.8	131.9	44,080	—	—	—
Bus drivers, school	53-3051	Line item	358.8	363.7	4.9	1.4	0.5	55.2	45,660	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Bus drivers, transit and intercity	53-3052	Line item	156.4	164.8	8.4	5.4	4.1	21.2	60,170	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs	53-3053	Line item	218.4	235.9	17.5	8.0	4.4	32.6	35,240	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Taxi drivers	53-3054	Line item	177.3	213.7	36.4	20.6	91.5	22.8	34,680	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Motor vehicle operators, all other	53-3099	Line item	68.3	73.7	5.4	7.9	26.3	10.9	35,690	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Rail transportation workers	53-4000	Summary	90.5	91.8	1.2	1.4	—	7.7	73,890	—	—	—
Locomotive engineers and operators	53-4010	Summary	32.3	32.6	0.3	1.0	—	2.6	74,360	—	—	—
Locomotive engineers	53-4011	Line item	29.7	29.9	0.2	0.8	—	2.4	74,770	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers	53-4013	Line item	2.6	2.6	0.1	2.4	—	0.2	57,070	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers	53-4022	Line item	12.2	12.3	0.1	1.2	—	1.2	63,540	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Railroad conductors and yardmasters	53-4031	Line item	34.2	34.6	0.4	1.1	—	2.8	71,130	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Subway and streetcar operators	53-4041	Line item	9.5	9.8	0.3	3.5	—	1.0	84,270	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rail transportation workers, all other	53-4099	Line item	2.4	2.4	0.1	2.2	—	0.2	44,660	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Water transportation workers	53-5000	Summary	83.2	84.8	1.5	1.8	3.8	8.8	64,930	—	—	—
Sailors and marine oilers	53-5011	Line item	30.7	31.3	0.6	2.0	0.4	3.3	48,400	No formal educational credential	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Ship and boat captains and operators	53-5020	Summary	43.2	44.0	0.8	1.8	6.9	4.5	82,630	—	—	—
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels	53-5021	Line item	39.6	40.3	0.7	1.7	7.0	4.1	88,730	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	None
Motorboat operators	53-5022	Line item	3.6	3.7	0.1	2.9	6.5	0.4	46,420	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	None
Ship engineers	53-5031	Line item	9.3	9.4	0.1	1.3	—	1.0	94,270	Postsecondary nondegree award	Less than 5 years	None
Other transportation workers	53-6000	Summary	291.7	296.4	4.7	1.6	0.4	40.7	35,020	—	—	—
Bridge and lock tenders	53-6011	Line item	3.8	3.8	0.0	-0.8	—	0.4	49,120	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Parking attendants	53-6021	Line item	108.4	110.0	1.6	1.5	—	15.7	32,840	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Transportation service attendants	53-6030	Summary	120.6	121.7	1.1	0.9	—	17.7	35,000	—	—	—
Automotive and watercraft service attendants	53-6031	Line item	100.7	100.9	0.2	0.2	—	14.6	33,820	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Aircraft service attendants	53-6032	Line item	19.9	20.8	0.9	4.7	—	3.0	39,110	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Traffic technicians	53-6041	Line item	7.6	7.9	0.3	3.5	—	0.8	52,240	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Transportation inspectors	53-6051	Line item	25.7	26.4	0.7	2.7	3.1	2.4	87,290	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Passenger attendants	53-6061	Line item	13.5	14.0	0.6	4.1	—	2.4	35,620	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Transportation workers, all other	53-6099	Line item	12.1	12.6	0.5	3.9	1.9	1.3	40,300	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Material moving workers	53-7000	Summary	8,049.4	8,435.6	386.2	4.8	1.1	1,172.6	37,290	—	—	—
Conveyor operators and tenders	53-7011	Line item	30.6	32.4	1.8	5.8	10.9	3.3	39,260	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Crane and tower operators	53-7021	Line item	48.4	48.5	0.1	0.2	5.3	4.5	64,690	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Dredge operators	53-7031	Line item	1.0	1.1	0.0	0.3	9.9	0.1	50,440	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Hoist and winch operators	53-7041	Line item	2.8	2.7	0.0	-1.8	9.7	0.3	55,950	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Industrial truck and tractor operators	53-7051	Line item	796.6	826.5	29.9	3.7	0.1	80.9	44,470	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Laborers and material movers	53-7060	Summary	6,952.9	7,301.6	348.7	5.0	1.0	1,057.1	36,720	—	—	—
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	53-7061	Line item	401.8	416.8	15.0	3.7	7.8	55.3	34,150	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	53-7062	Line item	2,988.5	3,147.3	158.8	5.3	1.0	411.7	37,660	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Machine feeders and offbearers	53-7063	Line item	51.5	54.3	2.8	5.5	—	8.5	39,250	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Packers and packagers, hand	53-7064	Line item	659.6	652.9	-6.6	-1.0	0.8	93.0	34,830	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Stockers and order fillers	53-7065	Line item	2,851.6	3,030.3	178.6	6.3	0.2	488.7	36,390	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Pumping station operators	53-7070	Summary	31.3	31.2	0.0	-0.1	0.4	3.1	62,530	—	—	—
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators	53-7071	Line item	3.9	3.8	-0.1	-2.1	—	0.4	61,870	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers	53-7072	Line item	11.2	11.6	0.4	3.6	—	1.2	54,690	High school diploma or equivalent	None	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Wellhead pumpers	53-7073	Line item	16.2	15.9	-0.4	-2.2	0.4	1.6	71,830	High school diploma or equivalent	Less than 5 years	Moderate-term on-the-job training
Refuse and recyclable material collectors	53-7081	Line item	146.4	151.1	4.7	3.2	7.6	18.6	45,760	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders	53-7121	Line item	13.3	13.5	0.2	1.6	3.3	1.6	58,620	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Material moving workers, all other	53-7199	Line item	26.1	27.0	0.9	3.5	3.1	3.2	40,310	No formal educational credential	None	Short-term on-the-job training
Footnotes: ^[1] Data are from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wage data cover non-farm wage and salary workers and do not cover the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, or household workers. Note: Data is unavailable for values denoted with a "—". Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Last Modified Date: April 17, 2024